Research
The history of Dalit oppression and the reality of the Dalit movement in modern India.
A horrific yet long-neglected chapter in Indian history is the brutal and continuous oppression of Dalits. The word ‘Dalit’ means to suppress, crush, and crush. And within this word lies a cruel reality of history, where millions of people have been victims of social oppression for centuries simply because of their birth. In Hinduism, Dalits were known as ‘untouchables’. This untouchability was not limited to religious rules, but was a terrible social system that did not even consider people as human beings.
By Abdul Barik9 months ago in History
The War Genius of Alexander the Great: Strategy, Speed, and Supremacy
The Military Strategy of Alexander the Great: Brilliance on the Battlefield Alexander the Great, one of history's most exceptional military intellects, established an empire that extended from Greece to India. His war strategies integrated audacious tactics, psychological operations, expert logistics, and an extraordinary capacity to adjust to shifting battlefield circumstances. This article examines the fundamental elements of Alexander's military genius that enabled him to dominate much of the known world before reaching the age of 33.
By Say the truth 9 months ago in History
A True Story of the May 2025 India–Pakistan Conflict
In the spring of 2025, South Asia once again stood on the edge of a dangerous conflict. Tensions between India and Pakistan had been simmering quietly, as they often do, but the peace shattered like glass on April 22, when a devastating terrorist attack in Pahalgam, Kashmir, killed 26 civilians, including women and children. India blamed the attack on Pakistan-based militant groups, primarily Jaish-e-Mohammed and Lashkar-e-Taiba—names that had echoed many times before in similar tragedies. This time, however, something felt different. The Indian public was furious, social media was ablaze, and calls for retaliation rang louder than ever. With elections looming and national sentiment boiling, the Indian government moved quickly. On May 7, the Indian military launched Operation Sindoor—a coordinated campaign of precision missile strikes across the Line of Control (LoC) and deep into Pakistan. The targets included known militant training hubs in Muridke, Bahawalpur, Kotli, and Muzaffarabad. The message was loud and clear: this time, India would not just respond—it would punish. According to Indian defense sources, over 100 militants were neutralized, including top commanders. Satellite images and intercepted communications suggested that several facilities were completely destroyed. The attacks were carried out with high-altitude drones, air-launched missiles, and supersonic cruise weapons, avoiding direct combat to minimize casualties on both sides. But the quiet didn’t last. Retaliation from the West On May 10, as the world held its breath, Pakistan retaliated with what it called “Operation Bunyan al-Marsus”. The Pakistan Air Force launched strikes on several Indian forward military bases, attempting to hit fuel depots and radar systems. Cities like Pathankot, Barmer, and Srinagar were put on high alert as air raid sirens wailed. India responded with a second wave of attacks, this time striking deeper into Punjab and Sindh, including a devastating raid on the Rahim Yar Khan airbase, allegedly destroying runways and grounded aircraft. India’s advanced Rafale jets played a key role, with electronic warfare support and night-capable targeting systems. Pakistan claimed to have shot down five Indian jets, but India denied the loss. As missiles flew and fighter jets roared over contested skies, millions across both nations sat glued to news broadcasts, praying for peace and fearing the worst. Schools were closed. Hospitals were placed on emergency footing. Both countries moved ballistic missile units into readiness. The world began to whisper a word no one wanted to say aloud: nuclear. A Call from the World As the conflict escalated, international diplomacy kicked into high gear. The United States, along with China, Saudi Arabia, and the United Nations, urged both sides to step back before the situation became uncontrollable. On the night of May 10, after more than 72 hours of conflict, a US-brokered ceasefire agreement was reached. India and Pakistan both agreed to halt offensive operations immediately and pull back air forces from border zones. But the cost had already been felt. Aftermath and Reflection Though the war officially lasted less than four days, it left behind a trail of destruction and diplomatic scars. India claimed a strategic and moral victory, stating that the world had witnessed its resolve against terrorism. In Uttar Pradesh, 17 newborn girls were named “Sindoor”, in honor of the military operation. In Pakistan, however, emotions were mixed. Some viewed the response as necessary defense; others criticized the leadership for not being adequately prepared. There were internal debates about military coordination and the increasing reliance on foreign-supplied aircraft and weapons. On social media, citizens from both countries shared photos of destroyed schools, bomb shelters, and injured civilians. Hashtags like #NoMoreWar, #PrayForPeace, and #Sindoor2025 trended across platforms. While politicians made speeches and generals gave press briefings, ordinary people on both sides mourned the lives lost and futures broken. A Fragile Peace The ceasefire held, but not without tension. Sporadic drone sightings and minor cross-border shelling were reported even after the agreement. Diplomatic channels remained hot, and a new wave of negotiations began—this time with more pressure from global superpowers. In the end, this short but sharp war served as a brutal reminder of how fragile peace can be in South Asia. In less than 100 hours, two nuclear-armed neighbors had stood just a breath away from a catastrophic escalation. And once again, it was diplomacy—backed by fear and history—that saved the day. Final Note To some, this war was about vengeance. To others, it was a show of strength. But for the mothers who lost children, for the pilots who never came home, and for the border villagers who still can’t sleep at night—it was nothing but another chapter in a long, painful story that both nations are still writing.
By saqiab khan9 months ago in History
LIFE WITHOUT FUEL
[Isaac Asimov is a noted scientist and science fiction writer. He has a remarkable gift for being able to explain complex science phenomena in ways that the ordinary person can easily understand. Asimov was recently asked to imagine and describe what would happen to everyday life in 1997 if fuel energy began running out. Asimov explains that "this is a picture of the worst, of waste continuing of oil running out, of nothing in its place, of world population continuing to rise."]
By its_ishfaq_ahmad9 months ago in History
The Age of the Sphinx: Was There a Lost Civilization Behind the Egyptian Pyramids?
The Guardian of Secrets Beneath the blazing Egyptian sun, on the Giza Plateau, a colossal figure has watched silently for thousands of years. The Great Sphinx. With the body of a lion and the face of a man, it stands as a timeless guardian of ancient mysteries. But how old is the Sphinx? What secrets does it guard?
By The Secret History Of The World9 months ago in History
Was It a Stone Tool or Just a Rock? An Archaeologist Explains How Scientists Can Tell the Difference. AI-Generated.
Was It a Stone Tool or Just a Rock? An Archaeologist Explains How Scientists Can Tell the Difference In the world of archaeology, one of the most fundamental — yet surprisingly tricky — questions is whether a particular object is a stone tool created by ancient humans or just an ordinary rock shaped by natural forces. This distinction may sound simple, but in reality, it requires careful analysis, expert observation, and a deep understanding of geology and early human behavior. So, how do archaeologists make the call? Let's explore the process.
By Adnan Rasheed9 months ago in History
"Wings of Unity: The Dream of Two Brothers"
In a small village nestled between rolling hills, there were two brothers named Kai and Rohan. Their father, Arvind, was a humble carpenter, and their mother, Meera, was a talented seamstress. Despite their modest background, the family was known for their strong bond, love, and shared dreams. The brothers were inseparable, yet they were as different as night and day.
By Mushtaq Ali9 months ago in History
