Fatima Jamil
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In a world where you can be anyone, be yourself.
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Covid-19 part-4
Proposals for Vaccine Formulation The formulation of vaccines which are used to cope with diseases caused by nature is considered as remarkable accomplishment in the field of science. In this way, it becomes possible to save masses. The antigens in their various forms whether it is derived one or the forms that result from recombinations of DNA, are prepared and used.
By Fatima Jamil3 years ago in Earth
Covid-19 part-3
How COVID-19 spread around the Globe Highly chances of its spread are through any physical contact. It is widely spread from person to person by any type of physical contact or simply by touching the contaminated surfaces. A large number of tiny respiratory droplets discharge in to the air when the infected person cough or sneeze. These droplets transfer to another surface or enter in to the other healthy human body through nose and infected that person. When a healthy person comes in the contact of an infected person or touches a contaminated surface and then touches its face, it is most likely in the chance of getting corona virus. The virus enters the human respiratory track through nose and takes over the hepatic cells. It starts multiplying there and completely damages the activity of hepatic cells. It was thought that the virus originated from the bats and transmits among the human communities through a second host. This intermediate host is not yet identifies. Old age people or those having severe clinical conditions are at the risk of this infection. Virus shows drastic symptoms in persons having weak immune system.
By Fatima Jamil3 years ago in Education
Covid-19 part-2
Life Cycle of COVID-19 Lungs are the only human organ that are in contact with the external environment and cause serious human respiratory infections. When we breathe in an infected environment the virus may enter into the lungs through nasal passage way and invaded into the lungs tissues. The S proteins present on the surface of corona virus are responsible for its attachment to the host cell. The S proteins contain receptors called receptors binding domains. These receptors vary from virus to virus. We noticed that the S proteins of the SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 contains high amount of sequences amino acids that have homogeneity with one another. When the S protein binds with the ACE2, the membrane of the host cell break the S proteins and activate the virus within the host cell. The interaction of the S proteins with the ACE2 is a crucial step for cross specie transmission. Virus easily enters into the cytosol of the host cell by membrane fusion. In host cytoplasm its controls the genetic information of the host cell and start multiplying. After replication they transported outside the cell membrane by exocytosis process.
By Fatima Jamil3 years ago in Education
COVID-19 and its Vaccination part-1
Global Pandemic Introduction This article is all about the formulation of vaccine, its application on body of animals and then on human body, the responses to these vaccines, the methods of administration, the exploration of best subsidiaries for stimulating the immunity in body against vaccine. It suggests the signs for developing of vaccine and takes into consideration the current situation caused by Covid-19. It has also considered some other latent factors involving in vaccine formulation in terms of their potentiality. The right set of circumstances along with challenges which are likely to be faced by scientists while formulating the vaccine, are discussed too
By Fatima Jamil3 years ago in Education
Water Purification
Water purification Introduction One thing should be keep in mind when you are drinking water, weather it is purifies or not. We know that there are lots of impurities present in water. If we drink such unpurified water it may cause several water borne diseases and ultimately death of a person. For such purposes scientist had invented several purification methods to purify the contaminated water. Each process has its own advantages and disadvantages. For some kinds of water filtration is a best and cheapest method to remove stones and other kind of sediments while for long term water purification we should use reverse osmosis process. There are several water purification methods but we will discuss few of them. Most important and useful methods are boiling, filtration, distillation and chlorination. These methods help us to make our water clean for drinking and other activities and also save us from dangerous diseases.
By Fatima Jamil3 years ago in Earth
Hydrologic Cycle
Water Cycle Introduction Water is very essential material to support life on Earth. If we can say that the life would end if the water disappears from the Earth then there is no lie. 70% of the total Earth surface is covered with water while only 30% left for other landscapes. From this estimated we easily determine the importance of water in life. It helps to maintain the temperature of the Earth, support life and eliminate some toxic material from the Earth. Infect, it helps us in every day to day activities. So, this water should be replaced and circulated again and again on Earth to properly form its functions. The process in which water returns back to the Earth from the atmosphere and then again become part of the atmosphere called water cycle or simply known as hydrologic cycle (“Hydro” meaning “Water”). In this process water circulated between two bodies through its different stages (Solid, Liquid and Gas) and makes a full water cycle. There are four different spheres on Earth called atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. Let’s explain this water cycle step by step in those spheres. How it behaves and functions in every different sphere.
By Fatima Jamil3 years ago in Earth
Water Sources
Major Source of Water on Earth and in Pakistan If we talk about water sources, there is no doubt that the Earth contains 70% water. It covers the area more than dry land. So in order to consider this term we easily say that there are large number of water sources present on Earth. Some are located underground and some are part of the Earth surface that we easily can see. Here we discuss some major sources of water thoroughly along with their importance and water level.
By Fatima Jamil3 years ago in Earth
Plains
Plain and their types Plains are considered one of the major land forms on Earth. It consists of almost one third of the Worlds surface area. It present or exist in every continent of the World and have relatively flat surface. In Pakistan, one of the major plain is Indus Plain (lower Indus plain and Upper Indus plain). Some major plain are stretches across the Earth and formed a major vegetation land called Grassland. Grassland is an area of land where there is large amount of producers grows. It is also the area where most population of the World inhabited there.
By Fatima Jamil3 years ago in Earth
The Days are Getting Longer
What a day looks like a Billion years ago? If you ever think the days are becoming shorter and shorter, then congratulations you are right. Days are not long enough to done every work on time. Sometimes it is very frustrating but many times it proves a blessing. We work from dawn to dusk and just waited for the night to take some rest. We should be grateful for this change. It was told that the day was a full five hours and fifteen minutes shorter before billions of years ago. Before the life on Earth, there were a lot of complexities that was spread around the Globe.
By Fatima Jamil3 years ago in Earth
Earth is Not Flat, but it's not Perfectly Round Either
Introduction: We used to see countless pictures of the Earth, and come to know that the Earth is round, a round shaped ball called “Blue Marble”. But the reality is more shocking than usual. All our expectations come to an end when we learned that the Earth is not perfectly round. But that doesn’t means that the Earth is flat. This is completely a false prediction. From early ages, before the arrival of Columbus and sailed the blue ocean, many Greek philosophers like Aristotle and other predicted that the Earth is rounds. And even after many times this theory is considered a true one. Actually, they predict about shaped based on their observations. One of their major observations was that the departing ship, when it goes far away in the Ocean, it appears like a sinking one and become smaller. Like the ship moves around the edge of a circle and disappears in a sudden time.
By Fatima Jamil3 years ago in Earth
Example of Amines and their Infrared Spectra
1-Examples of Amines 1.1-Infrared spectra of the diethyl amine: Similarly dimethyl amine is an example of the secondary amines. As we discussed above secondary amines shows only single absorption band because they contain only one C-H group. At 3280cm-1 frequency range it shows N-H stretching absorption band and at the range of 1140cm-1 C-H stretching bands are appeared.
By Fatima Jamil3 years ago in Education
N-H Stretching Vibrations of Amines
N-H stretching vibrations of the amines: Stretching vibrations of N-H region shows the absorption bands near the range of 3550 to 3300cm-1. In clear solutions samples the N-H shows feeble and acute bands than the observe O-H band which mostly appears in the same region.
By Fatima Jamil3 years ago in Education
