Water Purification

Water purification

Introduction

One thing should be keep in mind when you are drinking water, weather it is purifies or not. We know that there are lots of impurities present in water. If we drink such unpurified water it may cause several water borne diseases and ultimately death of a person. For such purposes scientist had invented several purification methods to purify the contaminated water. Each process has its own advantages and disadvantages. For some kinds of water filtration is a best and cheapest method to remove stones and other kind of sediments while for long term water purification we should use reverse osmosis process. There are several water purification methods but we will discuss few of them. Most important and useful methods are boiling, filtration, distillation and chlorination. These methods help us to make our water clean for drinking and other activities and also save us from dangerous diseases.

Different Methods for Water Purification

We will discuss one by one all the important methods and how they work to clean water.

1-Filtration:

Filtration is considered one of the most effective methods to purify water. It is also a very cheap method and used on both industrial and domestic scale. In this method we may use physical or chemical methods to make water drinkable. In filtration we easily remove all kinds of small or large compounds, contaminated particles that make water unable for consumption. This all happens so easily without any difficulty and we get good yield of water. One more advantage of this method is that is uses less energy to remove harmful particles that is why it is called cost effective method.

2-Boiling:

The other most important method for water purification is boiling. Boiling is the safest and cheapest method. It can be performed easily in houses. We can also purify our water by boiling. This process only requires heat and no other kind of heavy machinery. Infect we should boil water before drinking because water contains many harmful bacteria. These bacteria directly affect the human body. For example if you drink contaminated water without boiling you may subject to cholera. It is lethal disease that causes death. In some areas of Sindh, there is no proper system of water purification. People have to suffer and relay on this contaminated water. Sometimes people had to travel long distances to find water that is good for human consumption. Now government is planning to implant various filtration plants in these areas so that people get the availability of pure water.

3-Distillation:

Distillation is somehow a complex method that needs a complete setup for water purification. In this method we use heat to boil water and turned it into vapors. Then these vapors are collected by condensation process and again turned into water. The scientific explanation of that method is that the water has lower boiling point as compared to other kind of impurities that are present in water. When we heat that contaminated water, water turned into vapors leaving behind the impurities. Now these vapors are collected in a spate tube and they do not contain any impurity. These vapors again turn into water simply by decreasing their temperature. Thus, the new collected water is free of impurities. Compounds that have higher boiling point are left behind in the beaker a residual.

4-Chlorination:

This method is useful to remove various kinds of agents like bacteria, fungi, microorganisms and other disease causing organisms that are present in ground or tap water. We use chlorine tablets or liquid chlorine to disinfect water from impurities. But this water is not good for drinking purposes as it contains a dangerous chemical and may affect the thyroid glands.