World History
What out for Niccolò Machiavelli
Niccolò Machiavelli was born on May 3, 1469, in Florence. His father, Bernardo Machiavelli, was unable to pursue a legal career due to political challenges and outstanding tax obligations. His mother, Bartolomea Machiavelli, received an education that was typically denied to young girls and was involved in various business activities. Under the influence of the Medici family, Florence emerged as a pivotal center of the Italian Renaissance. The Signoria, the highest executive authority, was dominated by the Medici. The Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, a remarkable work of Renaissance architecture designed by Brunelleschi, stands as a testament to this era. Lorenzo de' Medici played a significant role in elevating Florence to new heights. Proficiency in Latin and Greek was essential for officials in Florence. Niccolò Machiavelli was educated in classical studies, preparing him for a future in law or governance. Following the downfall of Savonarola, Machiavelli ascended to the position of second chancellor. He sought the office of second chancellor in Florence and ultimately succeeded after the arrest and execution of Savonarola. Machiavelli's political circumstances changed dramatically in a short period. He encountered a constitutional crisis alongside substantial debt. Florence initiated a campaign aimed at reclaiming the city of Pisa.
By Isaac Ekow Anyidoho2 years ago in History
Bengali Dreams: The Defiant Stand of 1952. Content Warning. AI-Generated.
Bangladesh remained a part of Pakistan in 1952 when it was known as East Pakistan. That year's events were significant in the history of the region and paved the way for subsequent movements toward autonomy and independence. A short story based on those turbulent times is as follows:
By Rizvi Ahmed2 years ago in History
Meranialian Republic Constitution
Meranialian Constitution Preamble The Republic Nation, desiring to establish justice, liberty, and security, and to promote the wellbeing of all its members, in the exercise of its sovereignty, proclaims its will to:
By Distinguished Honorary Alumni Dr. Matthew Primous2 years ago in History
King Charlemagne
Charlemagne, born into the influential Carolingian dynasty, ascended to the throne as King of the Franks and Emperor of the Romans. His parents, Pepin and Bertrada, played significant roles in the Frankish kingdom and the Holy Roman Empire. The exact year and circumstances of Charlemagne's birth are subjects of debate, adding mystery to his early life. Charlemagne's birthplace remains a mystery, with various locations suggested, including Liège, Herstal, Aachen, Düren, Gauting, Quierzy, Mürlenbach, and Prüm. As the eldest of three children who reached adulthood, Charlemagne shared a special bond with his mother, which influenced his upbringing and education. The division of the Frankish Kingdom among Clovis’s sons resulted in fierce competition and bloodshed. The distribution of the king's inheritance among his sons led to frequent conflicts and power struggles, jeopardizing the unity of the Frankish realm. Real political authority was held by the Mayor of the Palace, who had significant influence over the distribution of privileges and favors. Tensions between the Merovingian Kings and the Mayors of the Palace paved the way for Charlemagne's ancestors to rise to power. Pepin of Herstal's triumph in the Battle of Tertry in 687 solidified Austrasia as the dominant force in the Frankish Kingdom. The Carolingian family, starting with Pepin's descendants, became the driving force behind the throne in Francia, utilizing royal resources to establish control over the realm. Pepin's ascent to power was further bolstered by support from the Pope.
By Isaac Ekow Anyidoho2 years ago in History
Egypt
Egypt, the birthplace of one of the oldest, most powerful, and longest-lasting civilizations on Earth, is a land where the ancient and modern coexist. Aerial views of this proud nation reveal its unique past and how the ancients left their mark on this harsh and inhospitable landscape. The magnificent achievements of the ancients have shaped the Egypt of today, showcasing the resilience and ingenuity of generations of Egyptians.
By David Kpentey2 years ago in History
Pharaoh Thutmose III: The Napoleon of Ancient Egypt
Pharaoh Thutmose III, often referred to as the "Napoleon of Egypt," was one of the most powerful and influential rulers of ancient Egypt. He reigned during the 18th Dynasty of the New Kingdom, from approximately 1479 to 1425 BCE. His legacy is marked by his military prowess, architectural achievements, and significant contributions to Egyptian culture and administration. Early Life and Ascension to the Throne Thutmose III was the son of Thutmose II and a lesser wife named Iset. His early years were overshadowed by the reign of his stepmother, Hatshepsut, who served as regent and eventually declared herself pharaoh. During Hatshepsut’s reign, Thutmose III was relegated to a secondary role, often depicted as a junior co-regent. Despite this, he received military training and held the title of the head of her armies, which would later prove pivotal in his rule. Hatshepsut's reign lasted for about 22 years, and upon her death, Thutmose III assumed full control of the throne. One of his first acts as pharaoh was to attempt to erase Hatshepsut’s legacy. He ordered the defacement of her monuments and the removal of her name from official records, actions that historians speculate were intended to legitimize his reign by eliminating any challenges to his authority. Military Campaigns and Conquests Thutmose III is best known for his military campaigns, which expanded Egypt’s empire to its greatest extent. He conducted at least 17 known campaigns, primarily in the Near East, Nubia, and Syria, establishing Egyptian dominance over these regions. His first and perhaps most famous campaign was the Battle of Megiddo in 1457 BCE. The Battle of Megiddo was a significant military engagement between the forces of Thutmose III and a coalition of Canaanite vassal states led by the king of Kadesh. Thutmose III demonstrated exceptional military strategy by taking an unexpected route through the Aruna Pass, catching the enemy off guard. His victory at Megiddo not only solidified Egyptian control over Canaan but also set a precedent for future military engagements. The captured booty and tributes from these campaigns enriched Egypt and demonstrated Thutmose III's skill as a military leader. Administrative Reforms and Governance Thutmose III was not just a warrior king; he was also an astute administrator. He reorganized the administration of the empire to better control the vast territories he conquered. This included appointing loyal officials to key positions and establishing a network of fortresses and supply depots to support his military campaigns. He also implemented a system of annual tributes from vassal states, ensuring a steady flow of wealth into Egypt. Thutmose III’s reign saw a flourishing of arts and culture. He commissioned numerous building projects, including the construction of temples, obelisks, and monuments. One of his most notable architectural achievements was the expansion of the Karnak Temple complex in Thebes. He added the Festival Hall, also known as the Akh-menu, which was used for religious ceremonies and as a commemorative monument celebrating his military victories. Religious Contributions and Legacy Thutmose III was deeply religious and dedicated many of his conquests and achievements to the god Amun, the chief deity of the Egyptian pantheon. His devotion to Amun is evident in the numerous temples and shrines he built or renovated in the god’s honor. He also initiated the celebration of the Opet Festival, a grand religious procession that honored Amun and reinforced the divine nature of the pharaoh’s rule. The pharaoh’s legacy extended beyond his death. His reign was documented extensively in the annals inscribed on the walls of the Karnak Temple, providing historians with valuable insights into his rule and military exploits. Thutmose III’s policies and achievements set a standard for future pharaohs and helped maintain the stability and prosperity of the New Kingdom. Death and Succession Thutmose III died in 1425 BCE after a long and successful reign of approximately 54 years. He was buried in the Valley of the Kings, the traditional burial place of New Kingdom pharaohs. His tomb (KV34) is notable for its unique layout and the detailed paintings depicting the Amduat, an ancient Egyptian funerary text that describes the pharaoh’s journey through the underworld. Thutmose III was succeeded by his son, Amenhotep II, who continued his father’s policies and maintained the empire’s stability. Amenhotep II’s reign further solidified the foundations laid by Thutmose III, ensuring that his legacy endured for generations. Conclusion Pharaoh Thutmose III was a remarkable figure in ancient Egyptian history. His military genius, administrative reforms, and religious devotion transformed Egypt into a formidable empire. Often called the "Napoleon of Egypt," Thutmose III's legacy is a testament to his skills as both a warrior and a statesman. His reign represents a pinnacle of ancient Egyptian power and influence, and his contributions continue to be celebrated and studied by historians and Egyptologists today. Thutmose III’s impact on history is undeniable. He expanded Egypt’s borders, centralized its administration, and enriched its culture. His military campaigns set new standards for strategy and logistics, while his architectural projects left an indelible mark on the landscape of ancient Egypt. As a pharaoh who successfully combined military might with wise governance, Thutmose III remains one of the most iconic and revered figures in the annals of ancient history.
By Al-hassan Emam2 years ago in History
Ice Cream Through the Ages
On a hot spring afternoon in 1963, two men, sent by the American CIA, snuck into the cafeteria of the Havana Libre Hotel. Their directive was to retrieve a poison pill from the freezer and slip it into the chocolate milkshake of Fidel Castro, the Cuban leader who was known to devour up to 18 scoops of ice cream after lunch. While exact details of the story are contested, it's rumored that the pill froze to the freezer coils and broke, foiling the CIA’s plan and granting Castro many more days to satiate his sweet tooth. Ice cream has held a unique role in our world’s history, culture, and cravings—but where did it come from?
By Horace Wasland2 years ago in History
King Mansa Musa
Kankan Musa was born circa 1280 in the Mali Empire. His family lineage played a crucial role in the establishment of the Mali Empire. Mansa's ascension to power was closely tied to the history of the Malian Empire and West Africa. The decline of the Ghana Empire and the rise of the Mali Empire were significant events. The Ghana Empire's decline was attributed to droughts, civil conflicts, and alternative trade routes. The Sosso Empire flourished under the rule of Sumaoro Kante, taking advantage of Ghana's decline and expanding its territories. Sundiata Keita unified the Malinke kingdoms, defeated Sumaoro, and founded the Mali Empire. Sundiata's legacy includes his military prowess, strong leadership, and the establishment of laws and agricultural techniques. Mansa Uli expanded the Mali Empire, undertook a pilgrimage to Mecca, and passed away shortly after his return. Muhammad led expeditions for exploration and trade. Muhammad ordered a fleet of ships to sail west on an exploration mission, but only one ship returned, reporting powerful currents resembling a river. Despite the failure of the first expedition, Muhammad led a second voyage in 1312 with hundreds of vessels equipped with provisions for survival. Musa became the Mansa of the Malian Empire in the early 1310s. Musa's rise to power was linked to the disappearance of Mansa Muhammad's fleet into the Atlantic Ocean, leading to various historical hypotheses.
By Isaac Ekow Anyidoho2 years ago in History
AKASHIC RECORDS
the For more than a century now, the Akashic Records have attracted many seekers of know-how and religious wisdom. One e-book that delves deeply into this enigmatic situation is "The Akashic Records: Unlock the Infinite Power of Your Soul" by using Linda Howe. As such, it offers an incredibly compelling and reachable exploration into what the Akashic Records are, the way they work, and how people can access them for non-public increase.
By Ann lisentra 2 years ago in History
Mr. Nostradamus
Nostradamus was born in 1503 in the southern region of France to a family that may have had Jewish roots. His father, Jaume or Jacques de Nostredame, worked as a notary, while his mother, Reyniére, was a descendant of a well-known physician. The Nostredame family encountered pressure to convert to Christianity due to the persecution of Jewish individuals in France. Nostradamus was influenced by Kaballah, which had a strong presence in Jewish communities in Spain and southern France during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Scholars have observed the impact of Kaballah on Nostradamus's later writings. In his efforts to combat the plague, Michel used 'rose pills' and implemented sanitation practices. The 'rose pills' consisted of a mixture of rose petals, sawdust from green cypress trees, cloves, calamus, and lign-aloes. Additionally, he promoted sanitation measures such as the prompt removal and burial of bodies, maintaining clean surfaces, and ensuring adequate ventilation. Accused of heresy in France, Nostradamus traveled to Italy and established connections in the printing industry. He eventually settled in Salon-de-Provence, married a wealthy widow, and embarked on his writing career by releasing his first publication, an almanac featuring astrological forecasts.
By Isaac Ekow Anyidoho2 years ago in History
Here come the Jews
The name ISRAEL first appeared on the Merneptah Stele, which documented Pharaoh Merneptah's triumph over the Libyan invaders and a small campaign in Canaan. The inscription revealed Israel as a well-established neighbor and a threat to Egypt's power. It is a historical misconception that Hebrew slaves lived in Egypt; they resided in the northern Delta area. Prompted by Yahweh, Moses asked the pharaoh to release the Israelites, demonstrating his power through miracles. Moses destroyed the Golden Calf for breaking the Commandments. The origins of the Israelites can be traced back to ancestors Jacob and Esau, with encounters with extraterrestrial beings. The cult of Yahweh, originally a minor deity in Canaan, has a name shrouded in mystery, speculated to be of non-terrestrial origin. The cult evolved from being a minor deity to being revered as the Only God in the Canaanite pantheon. Early Jewish history shares similarities with other ancient myths and the establishment of social structure. The Babylonian creation myth is similar to Genesis 1, emphasizing creation from water, light, and divine order. The early Jews organized in tribes led by a patriarch, prioritizing family and tribe structure before settling in Canaan.
By Isaac Ekow Anyidoho2 years ago in History
