Research

Bird Flu
What is Bird Flu? Bird flu affects various types of birds, particularly domesticated poultry like chickens, geese, turkeys, and ducks. The H5N1 virus can easily spread among birds through saliva, droppings, feed, and nasal discharges. It is caused by a strain of the influenza virus known as Influenza A (H5N1) and is mostly transmitted via infected birds. The virus can also spread through cages and other farming equipment.
By MH Limon9 months ago in History
The Rise and Legacy of the Roman Empire
Life in Rome: Society, Culture, and Innovation Few civilizations in history have shaped the world as profoundly as ancient Rome. At its height, the Roman Empire stretched from the windswept hills of Britain to the deserts of Egypt, commanding a vast and diverse population. But the true strength of Rome lay not only in its military might or political dominion—it was in the way Romans lived, thought, and built a society that combined order, ambition, and creativity. Life in Rome was a complex tapestry of class, culture, and technological ingenuity, reflecting a civilization both anchored in tradition and hungry for advancement. From its bustling forums to its lavish villas, Roman society was a living engine of innovation and identity that continues to echo through the centuries.
By Abid khan9 months ago in History
Dark Shadow in the Clear Sky
"Dark Shadow in the Clear Sky: A Tragedy of the Bermuda Triangle" Writer: Aranya Chowdhury The sky was awash in a gentle blue light. Gliding over the Atlantic Ocean was a small cargo plane—“Skyline 742.” At its helm was Captain Imtiaz Rahman, a seasoned pilot who had made the skies his home for over twenty years. Beside him sat his only crew member, Tamanna Afroze, a young and courageous co-pilot.
By Books Lover9 months ago in History
South Asia on the Brink
The South Asian subcontinent, home to over 1.8 billion people, is one of the most densely populated and geopolitically volatile regions in the world. At the heart of this volatility lie two nuclear-armed neighbors, India and Pakistan, whose history is marred by wars, skirmishes, and persistent territorial disputes—most notably over Kashmir. While both nations have managed to avoid full-scale war since the 1999 Kargil conflict, the risk of a nuclear exchange remains a terrifying and ever-present possibility. The consequences of such an event would be catastrophic—not only for India and Pakistan but for the entire world.
By Janat9 months ago in History
History of Architecture
The Story of Architecture: From Prehistory to Today People often admire buildings solely for their beauty, design, or size. In reality architecture is far more complex than just aesthetics. It’s one of the oldest forms of human expression, a record of our culture, religion and societal organization. History of architecture indeed runs parallel to the history of humanity itself.
By Sheikh Siyam9 months ago in History
The Enduring Popularity of Royal Enfield: A Legacy on Two Wheels
Few motorcycle brands have captured the imagination of riders and enthusiasts across the world quite like Royal Enfield. Known for its timeless design, distinctive thump, and rugged build, Royal Enfield has grown from a British legacy to a global icon in the motorcycle industry. In a competitive market dominated by high-tech and high-performance machines, what sets Royal Enfield apart? The answer lies in a blend of history, emotion, lifestyle, and smart branding.
By Salequzzaman9 months ago in History
War
India-Pakistan Wars: A Concise Overview The history of India and Pakistan since their independence in 1947 has been marked by several major wars and ongoing conflict, primarily centered on the disputed region of Kashmir but also involving other political and territorial issues. Here are the key wars and their stories: First Indo-Pakistani War (1947–1948): The Kashmir Conflict Begins Shortly after partition, the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, ruled by Maharaja Hari Singh (a Hindu ruler over a majority Muslim population), became the focal point of dispute. In October 1947, armed tribal militias from Pakistan invaded Kashmir, prompting the Maharaja to seek military assistance from India. In exchange, he signed the Instrument of Accession, integrating Kashmir into India. Indian troops were airlifted into Kashmir, leading to a full-scale war between the two new nations. The United Nations intervened, resulting in a ceasefire in January 1949. India retained control of approximately two thirds of the territory, which is now known as Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, thanks to the ceasefire line, which was later referred to as the Line of Control. Pakistan held control of the remaining third. Second Indo-Pakistani War (1965): Operation Gibraltar and Stalemate In 1965, Pakistan launched Operation Gibraltar, sending forces into Indian-administered Kashmir to incite insurgency against Indian rule. India responded with a large-scale military offensive, leading to intense battles, especially in Kashmir and Punjab. The conflict saw the largest tank battle since World War II. Notable engagements included the Battle of Asal Uttar, where Indian forces destroyed a significant number of Pakistani tanks, halting their advance towards Amritsar. The war resulted in thousands of casualties on both sides and ended in a stalemate after a ceasefire brokered by the Soviet Union and the USA (Tashkent Declaration). India achieved its main objective of defending Kashmir, while Pakistan failed to gain territory or strategic advantage. Third Indo-Pakistani War (1971): Birth of Bangladesh Unlike previous wars, the 1971 conflict was rooted in the Bangladesh Liberation movement. Political and military repression by West Pakistan against East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) led to a mass exodus of refugees into India. India supported the Mukti Bahini (Bangladeshi freedom fighters) and, after a pre-emptive airstrike by Pakistan on Indian airbases, launched a full-scale invasion on both eastern and western fronts. The Indian military quickly advanced in East Pakistan, capturing major cities and achieving air superiority. Within two weeks, the Pakistani army in the east gave up. The war ended with the creation of Bangladesh as an independent nation and the surrender of over 90,000 Pakistani troops, marking one of the most decisive military victories in South Asian history. Other Conflicts and Ongoing Tensions The Siachen conflict (1984–2003) and the Kargil War (1999) were further military confrontations, largely over strategic positions in the mountainous regions of Kashmir. The Kashmir dispute remains unresolved, with periodic escalations and skirmishes along the Line of Control. Key Themes Kashmir has been the central issue in most wars, except the 1971 war, which was about Bangladesh's independence. International Mediation has often played a role in ending hostilities, but not in resolving the underlying disputes. Human Cost: Each conflict has resulted in significant military and civilian casualties, displacement, and enduring animosity. "India won the war. It held on to the Vale of Kashmir, the prize Pakistan vainly sought. It gained 1,840 km² of Pakistani territory... Pakistan gained nothing from a conflict which it had instigated." David Van Praagh, The greater game: India's race with destiny and China The India-Pakistan war stories are not just tales of military engagement but are deeply intertwined with the histories, identities, and politics of both nations, with repercussions still felt today.
By Newb9 months ago in History
History of computer
The History of the Invention of the Computer and Its Use in the Present Day The computer is one of the most significant inventions in human history. It has altered how we live, work, learn, and communicate. From early mechanical devices to today’s powerful and portable machines, the history of the computer is a fascinating journey through innovation, science, and technology. This article explores the invention and development of the computer, as well as its vital role in the modern world.
By VFX Sifat9 months ago in History
World War I: The Forgotten War That Changed Everything
World War I: The Forgotten War That Changed Everything Why the First World War Deserves a Place in Our Memory The first time the world tore itself apart, it did so in muddy trenches, across barbed wire, and under clouds of poison gas. It was a war born of empires and ideologies, where millions of lives were sacrificed for territory, honor, and alliances. Today, over a century later, World War I often stands in the shadow of the more recent and visually documented World War II. Yet, it was this first global conflict that laid the groundwork for the modern world—altering borders, collapsing dynasties, and forever changing how we view war, humanity, and history itself. In our fast-paced digital age, remembering World War I isn’t just a tribute to the fallen; it’s a responsibility we bear to understand how the past shaped our present.
By Abid khan9 months ago in History
Ongoing Tensions Between Pakistan and India: The Kashmir Conflict and Recent Clashes
For more than seven decades, the relationship between Pakistan and India has been formed by struggle, doubt, and military stand-offs, especially over the debated locale of Kashmir. In later times, this competition has reemerged once more, as border clashes, political explanations, and allegations of cross-border fear based oppression have reignited fears of war between the two nuclear-armed neighbors.
By Rubaiya Haque9 months ago in History
The mask of US human rightsism.
The Mask of US Human Rights: A History of the Empire of Oppression When the slogans of human rights, democracy or justice are spread on the world stage, the United States is the first. ‘Freedom’, ‘Liberty’, ‘Human Rights’—these words are like a miraculous mantra in their mouths. They have captured the world media, the UN arena, the highest levels of education and culture, and even the definition of human rights, binding them to their dominance. But the question is, is the United States really the protector of human rights? Or have they made human rights a political weapon, using which they have destroyed the foundations of nations, civilizations and humanity?
By Abdul Barik9 months ago in History
Reasons for the decline of the Muslim world.
The Muslim world was once a symbol of leadership in the pages of world history—unique in knowledge, science, justice, military might, and spirituality. Baghdad, Cairo, Andalusia, Samarkand, or Delhi—each city was a beacon of civilization. But today that Muslim world is fragmented, weak, oppressed, and confused. The question arises—what is the cause of this decline? Is it primarily the result of external aggression? Or is it the result of internal moral and political weakness?
By Abdul Barik9 months ago in History