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WAS IT FAKE? Apollo Moon Landing Mystery😱
but because they are hard." Tranquillity Base here, The Eagle has landed! One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." Friends, you'd be surprised to know, the real reason why Apollo 11 mission was planned was a war. Specifically speaking, the Cold War. Fought between America and the Soviet Union. Both countries were engaged in a Space Race. In 1957, the Soviet Union became the first country to launch the first artificial satellite. It was named Sputnik, and it was the first manmade object to be placed in Earth's orbit. The American government was shocked to see the Soviets getting ahead. Months later, in 1958, America launched their satellite as well. But 3 years later, in 1961, America got another shock. Soviet Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, was the first person to go to space. The Soviets beat America once again. One week later, the then President of America, John F. Kennedy, wrote a letter to the Vice President dated 20th April 1961. He asked the Vice President how they could beat the Soviet Union. "...by putting a laboratory in space, or by a trip around the moon,..." "Are we working 24 hours a day on existing programs? If not, why not?" "Are we making the maximum effort?" Asking if there was another space program that could be achieved quickly that would produce dramatic results and give them a lead in the race. He got the answer some days later because he soon realised that the next big step would be to send humans to the moon. On 25th May 1961, in his famous speech, he promised the world that he would send humans to the moon before the end of the decade. Not only this, he also promised to get the humans back on Earth safely. "Before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon, and returning him safely to the Earth." For many, this was an unbelievable announcement. Friends, imagine 1961, There were no smartphones, no internet, there wasn't even GPS technology. The computers were so slow and old, in such times, he was promising to send humans to the moon. For this, over the next 5 years, he provided $7-$9 billion, in additional funding to the space program. The entire space agency was engaged in fulfilling this one aim. Mere months later, the tests began. First, they tested the rockets that would be used to leave the Earth. Then the heat shields of the command modules were tested. How much they'd be able to resist heat. Then the propulsion system of the service module. Between 1963 to 1967, many unmanned tests were carried out. The rockets didn't carry any humans during the tests. In February 1967, the planned the first manned tests. A test in which astronauts will go up to space in the rockets. This was the Apollo 1 mission. But during the tests on Earth, on 27th January 1967, the cabin caught on fire, and the three astronauts preparing to go to space, died in the fire. After this painful event, NASA didn't lose courage. Instead, it continued further testing. Apollo 4, Apollo 5, and Apollo 6, were all unmanned missions. for further testing. In October 1968, Apollo 7 mission was launched and once again they attempted to send humans to space. This was successful. Only 2 months later, in December 1968, Apollo 8 mission was launched in which three astronauts were sent near the moon. Three months later, in March 1969, Apollo 9 mission was launched. In this, the lunar module was tested. The part of the spacecraft that was actually going to land on the moon. And 2 months after that, in May 1969, was the Apollo 10 mission. In this mission, 3 astronauts had to do almost everything for practice that was supposed to be done in Apollo 11 mission, except actually landing on the moon. Look at the speed with which NASA was launching the missions one after the other. In the gap of 2 to 3 months, a new mission to test the next thing. Testing the rockets, spacecraft, going to the moon, and after all these tests, finally, on 16th July 1969, Apollo 11 mission was launched. "...2...1....0! All engine running. Liftoff, we have a liftoff. 32 minutes past the hour. Liftoff of Apollo 11." Three astronauts were a part of this mission. 38-year-old commander Neil Armstrong, he led this mission. The pilot of the Command Module, Michael Collins, And the pilot of the Lunar Module, Edwin Buzz Aldrin. These three names are inscribed in the pages of history. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin become famous names everyone knows them today. But Michael Collins isn't very popular the reason for this is very interesting, I'll tell you later in this video. The spacecraft of this Apollo 11 mission, had three main parts. The Command Module, Service Module, and the Lunar Module. The first two are collectively known as CSM. Command and Service Module. They aimed to detach the Lunar Module and have it land on the moon. And to return, the Lunar Module would have to be relaunched and attached to the CSM, to enable the astronauts to return to Earth. To launch this spacecraft, a Saturn V-5 rocket was to be used. Before the launch, the rocket was loaded with 1 million gallon of Kerosene, Liquid Oxygen, and Liquid Hydrogen. The weight of this rocket was 3 million kg. With its help, the spacecraft reached Earth's orbit. It took less than 10 minutes to reach the orbit. Then they made about 1.5 revolutions around the Earth, after which they were given the permission from the mission control, the mission control was of course based on Earth, they communicated their permission to begin Trans-Lunar Injection. i.e., taking the spacecraft out of Earth's orbit and towards Moon's orbit. To leave Earth's orbit, the Saturn V-5 rocket was used. This was the third stage for the rocket. These events took place within 5 hours of the launch. But to actually reach the moon, took several days. Astronauts waited in the spacecraft the ate, slept, and took pictures of themselves and their surroundings, 19th July 1969, After travelling for almost 400,000 km, The Apollo 11 spacecraft reached moon's orbit. Here, it was supposed to be split into 2. The Command and Service Module separated from the Lunar Module. Michael Collins was in the Command Module, This part of the spacecraft was nicknamed Columbia. And the Lunar Module was nicknamed the Eagle. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were in it. The thing is that, the command and service module, was tasked to remain in the moon's orbit. Only the lunar module was going to land on the moon. It meant that only Armstrong and Aldrin had the chance to step on the moon, and not Michael Collins. Perhaps, this is the reason why not many people know Michael Collins. Even though he was a part of the Apollo mission, he did not step on the moon. But even so, Michael Collins' part in this mission was perhaps the most important. Because the Lunar Module was supposed to be reattached to the CSM. Without Michael Collins, Armstrong and Aldrin could not have returned safely. Around 8 PM, the Lunar Module was going to land on the moon. Exactly at 8:10 PM, alarms went off. 1201 and 1202 alarms. "-1201. -1201. -Roger, 1201 alarm." Neither Armstrong nor Aldrin knew the meaning of this alarm. They asked the mission control what they ought to do next. Mission control tells them to ignore it and keep going. "We're GO, Same type, We're GO." Later, they figured out that 1202 was a warning. The processing system of the guidance computer of the Apollo was overloaded. But thankfully, the computer was designed in a way that the essential programs which were critical for the mission, would continue despite being overloaded. The computer was installed with the program for automatic landing. This would automatically land the Lunar Module on Moon's surface. But at the height of 150 metres, Neil Armstrong took over the control. He noticed that the Lunar Module was going to land at a place where huge boulders were strewn about. The landing spot was changed then. And they decided on another spot 4 miles from the predetermined landing spot, for the actual landing. At 8:16 PM, Buzz Aldrin checked the fuel indicator. Only 5% fuel remained. "100 feet, 3-1/2 down, 9 forward, 5 per cent... Okay." Seeing the low level of fuel, the mission control initiated a countdown. The countdown to decide whether they should land or abort the mission. "Now we're at critical fuel state. And that's why the 60-second call is given. And then the 30-second call." Finally, literally at the last minute, with only 30 seconds remaining in this countdown, Neil Armstrong sent a radio message to Earth. "Roger, Tranquility." The Eagle had successfully landed. Then Neil Armstrong put on his spacesuit, opened the door, and stepped on the moon. This moment was watched by 650 million people on television. His first words were televised to the world Buzz Aldrin followed him on the moon's surface, and for the next 2.5 hours, they collected samples of the moon's dust and rocks, took photographs, set up several scientific instruments as well. Although it is true that the Cold War was a big reason for this moon landing, but because the moon landing was already planned, it was such a huge achievement so obviously they were carrying scientific instruments with them. There were several scientific objectives of this mission as well. They set up a television camera on the moon, to transmit signals to the Earth. They took a device with them to measure the solar winds reaching the moon. They installed a device to send laser beams to the Earth, So that the laser beams could be used to compute the exact distance between Earth and Moon. They also had a passive seismometer. To measure the earthquakes on the moon. Of course, they're called Moonquakes. They collected 23 kg of rock and dust from the moon. And they left behind an American flag. And a plate with the inscription "Here, Men from the Planet Earth, First set foot upon the Moon. July 1969 A.D. The Lunar Module had to remain on the moon for 21 hours. After this, it had to take off once again, and attach to the CSM. But to go up, they needed propulsion. And for that, they needed an engine. Both Armstrong and Aldrin were unaware that the switch to turn on the engine, had broken off while they were getting out. I told you this at the beginning of the video. When they came back to the Lunar Module, they realised what had happened. They informed the mission control about this damage, and look for a solution to resolve the situation. They come up with an interesting solution to the problem. Now, what exactly is a switch? Switch basically works to complete an electrical circuit. Buzz Aldrin realised that if the circuit is broken, They looked for something that could be used to complete the circuit once again. When he looked around, he noticed his ballpoint pen. He used that ballpoint pen to complete the circuit and to reignite the engine. Finally, the Lunar Module was reattached to the CSM, and the three astronauts turn the spacecraft towards Earth. The plan for landing on Earth was that The Command Module and the Service Module would be separated, The service module would then be destroyed due to Earth's atmosphere, But there was a danger that if the service module was damaged severely, with its debris floating all around, they may hit the command module, killing the astronauts on board. To avoid this, NASA installed thrusters in the Service Module. To take it far from the Command Module, So that they do not collide with each other. But when the astronauts were returning to Earth, they found out that the thrusters on the Service Module weren't working. The three astronauts could only sit in the Command Module and watch the service module break apart around them. Its debris was floating all around them. It was a miracle that the broken pieces, did not hit the command module. And the command module remains safe. The risk of the astronauts dying on this mission was so high that the US President Nixon had prepared an alternate speech, in case the astronauts were indeed killed. Can you imagine an alternate speech? In it, he had written, "Fate has ordained that the men who went to the moon, to explore in peace, will stay on the moon to rest in peace. These brave men, Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin, know that there is no hope for their recovery. These two men are laying down their lives in mankind's most noble goal. The search for truth and understanding." But thankfully, this wasn't needed. The Command Module safely descended the Earth's atmosphere. The parachutes were deployed, and it landed in the ocean. All three astronauts were alive and safe. These astronauts were then evacuated by rescue ships from the ocean. It was truly a miracle that they could return alive. It wasn't that the mission had gone exactly as it was planned, They had to face problems at almost every step. They successfully dealt with the problems, and they could return alive. It is interesting to note that after returning, the three astronauts were quarantined for 2 weeks. They weren't allowed to be in contact with other humans. Because of the risk of them carrying pathogens. Viruses or bacteria that they might have encountered on moon, that could possibly wreck havoc on Earth. No one knew for sure. But again, thankfully, nothing of the sort happened. Apollo 11's moon landing was the top news in newspapers worldwide. The US President Kennedy's promise of having humans land on the moon before the end of the decade, was made possible by NASA. "In 1969, the public had little reason to question mankind's historic first step on the moon. After all, the achievement was a celebration of technological supremacy. America had finally won the Space Race." Isn't it very suspicious that the decade that was about to end in 1970, a year before that, in 1969, America had reached the moon? It can't be that to have an advantage in the Cold War, America planned a fake moon landing operation, can it? That their actual moon landing mission failed, and they planned this fake mission as backup, for the world to see. Friends, this is just one example of the many conspiracy theories that is based on the moon landing. But friends, the truth is that these conspiracy theories have already been debunked several times. If this was a fake attempt by America to fool the world, the Soviets would never have acknowledged it. But in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, published between 1970-1979, in its Third Edition, this moon landing was said to be factual multiple times. Soviet articles have even been written that the Apollo landing was the third historic event of the space age. First was Sputnik's launch in 1957, Second, Yuri Gagarin's flight in 1961, And the third was the moon landing. The Soviet Union had actually acknowledged this. But then, what about the flag? The flag which was planted on the moon, why was it fluttering? There is no air on the moon. There is a simple reason for that, friends. The flag that Armstrong and Aldrin had taken to the moon, was a specially designed flag. Normal flags have one long vertical rod. But there was a horizontal rod in this too. Right at the top of the flag, So that the flag would always be extended out. Because everyone working at NASA knew that if a flag is planted on the moon, it wouldn't flutter due to the lack of wind, So they decided to add a horizontal rod at the top, so that the flag could always be properly visible. But on this Apollo 11 mission, there were some problems extending this horizontal rod, So this couldn't be extended till the end. Which caused the ripple that we see. There were 'waves' in the flag. That's why people think that the flag is fluttering. But actually, the flag isn't fluttering, You can see the flag 'fluttering' only in the videos where the astronauts are holding it and making it move. The reason for this is that the aluminium rods in the flag, were acting as springs. So the flag would move for a little while and then remain still. The third most popular theory is that in the photos taken by Armstrong and Aldrin, stars aren't visible. The answer to this is very simple. The moon landing took place in the day. At a time when the sunlight was hitting the moon. And the white spacesuits that were worn by the astronauts, were very reflective too. The cameras back then didn't have such resolution to see beyond reflections. Even today, take any phone's camera, and try to take a pic at night, if the flash is turned on, you won't see the stars in the background. Another theory is about the shadows, About the inconsistency in the angles of the shadows. People argue that since this was like a Hollywood film, They didn't have just a single source of light. That's why the shadows are going all over the place. But in reality, the Sun was not the only source of light. The moon's surface was also acting as a complementary source of light, because it was reflecting so much light. This is why the light scattered in all directions, and the shadows were so bizarre. Another question is raised about Buzz Aldrin's photo taken by Neil Armstrong, It shows Armstrong's reflection but you can see a camera in his hand. How could this happen? It's because he wasn't holding the camera in his hand, instead, the camera was mounted on his suit. And he could control it from there. But then who took the photos of Neil Armstrong descending from the Lunar Module? Again, a simple answer multiple cameras were installed on the Lunar Module. But moving beyond these mindless theories, if we talk about actual criticism, Friends, not everyone was applauding the moon landing, commending NASA's work, many people strongly criticised NASA and the American government after the moon landing. People were already criticising it before the moon landing. In January 1962, the New York Times published an article in which they revealed that the money being spent to go on the moon, could have been used to build at least 120 Harvard-sized universities. They questioned whether so much money should be spent to go to the moon, or should they open a Harvard-sized university in every US state? Weren't there better ways to spend that money? Basically, the main point of criticism was that there were so many problems in the country, education, income inequality, back then America was also facing the consequences of the Vietnam War. So why was so much money wasted on this? But in reality, there were many hidden benefits of the moon landing, that no one had even thought about. Such as the advancements in computer chips. In 1962, it had been 3 years since microchips were invented. And IBM had decided that in the early 1960s, they wouldn't use these chips in their computers. "It has the packaged integrated circuit. Inside this package, is a chip of silicon, which provides the electrical equivalent of many transistors, resistors, and diodes, all interconnected to provide the desired function." But since NASA put in so many orders to buy integrated circuits IBM started working on it, and because of the heavy demand, its price fell by more than 90% over the next 5 years. And so NASA tested whether we can rely on computers for the safety of human lives. If astronauts could go to the moon and back, by relying on these computer chips, we can obviously rely on these computer chips for our daily lives. The technology grew exponentially after this moon landing. Even so, only 3 years after the Apollo 11 mission, in December 1972, the last moon mission, Apollo 17 took place. Since then friends, It has been almost 50 years, no other person went to the moon during these 50 years. Perhaps this is the biggest proof about how expensive the Apollo program was. More than 400,000 engineers, scientists, and technicians, had worked on it. and the total cost back then was $24 billion. In today's money, the cost is more than $100 billion. Initially, it was criticised by journalists only. But by 1972, the average person's fascination with NASA and the moon had ended. As the Vietnam War continued, the problems of the citizens were on the rise, "Thousands of demonstrators opposed to the Vietnam War assemble in the nation's capital for a mass protest." They saw the space program as a waste of money. Even though NASA had plans for missions up to Apollo 20, politicians had to heed the citizens, and the money being spent on space programs, had to be cut down. In December 2017, former President Donald Trump said that he would increase the funding so that humans could be sent back to the moon by 2024. "...returning American astronauts to the moon, for the first time since 1972, for long-term exploration and use this time." But later he changed his statement and said that NASA should focus on Mars rather than on the moon. But 50 years later, now NASA has made plans again, to send people to the moon. Their new Artemis program. They would begin testing with unmanned rockets, but NASA plans that by 2025-2026, they would send the first woman to the moon. After which, they plan to send the first person of colour to the moon as well. One thing can be said for sure, Before the end of this decade, we will see humans back on the moon. If you liked this video, you can watch more space-related videos by clicking on this playlist. The videos cover many such interesting topics. Let's meet in the next video. Thank you very much!
By Chandra Sekar2 years ago in History
Scientists Finally Explain How Pyramids Were Built
Consider the Great Pyramids to be one of the original Seven Wonders of the World and the only one that remains standing today. However, in ancient Egypt, it was believed that kings were chosen by the gods to act as their intermediaries in the afterlife, and that they would eventually become gods themselves. The pyramid complex was constructed to ensure that the king had everything they would require in the afterlife, and it included a pyramid, a palace, and temples. The king's tomb, which was located inside the pyramid, was filled with numerous items, including food, furniture, and gold vessels. some weren't finished though since the construction took a while and not every Pharaoh lived long enough to see the end of the construction and now let's talk about the construction itself the biggest of the Pyramids of Giza is as tall as a 40 story building so how on Earth did they manage to build a structure that massive 5,000 years ago long before machines and other equipment appeared well let's figure it out so pharoh k Fu ascended the throne around 2575 BCE and his Architects started the construction of the oldest and biggest of the Pyramids of Giza he figured that over 2 million Limestone blocks had to be used to build the Pyramid each weighing around 2 and 1/2 tons around the weight of a rhino the architect wanted to finish the construction in 20 years to make it possible a stone had to be carried and pushed into place every 4 minutes 24 hours a day 7 days a week and 365 days a year except leap year so obviously a lot of workers were needed to make it happen many believe that it was enslaved people who worked at the pyramids construction site but that's not true workers came from all over Egypt to contribute to the project all in all around 25,000 of them the Egyptians were doing all kinds of work starting with manual labor and crafting tools to administrative work they all worked around 10 hours a day they were housed and wellfed and they were overall living a more comfortable life than an average Egyptian could afford at that time supposedly the builders lived in a nearby temporary City and were a highly organized Community with a strong leader the pyramids seem to be designed to align with the points on a compass and their sides symbolized the Rays of the Sun but back at that time there were no compasses ancient Egyptians figured out out the directions themselves and with amazing Precision to align the pyramids they used two constellations the construction site was arranged on the West Bank of the Nile River this also had a symbolic meaning just like the sun sets in the West Life sets in the west as well the second Pyramid of Giza was for kufu son Pharaoh kafer it's a bit smaller but this one has the famous noseless statue of the Sphinx of course originally it had a nose I would tell you what happened to it but it's still a mystery and no one knows for sure sphinxes have the body of a lion and the head of a human they were considered guardians of important areas this famous Sphinx also pronounced Sphinx has the head of pharaoh Coffer and is guarding his pyramid facing the sunrise the Sphinx is one of the biggest and oldest statues in the world originally it not only had a nose but was also painted scientists have discovered traces of the red color of its face so most likely the Sphinx was painted red there are also remains of yellow and blue color on its body the statue definitely wasn't boring till around 1800 the Sphinx was buried up to its shoulders until an adventurer with a team of 160 men dug it out but let's get back to the construction the workers of course needed stone blocks there were two main places where people could get these Stones One source was near the building site, but the fossil-lined yellow stone was only fit for the inside of the pyramid; the limestone blocks for the outside had to be transported eight miles distant on 30-ton sleds, and it didn't seem too difficult to pull them. cutting off a block of limestone wasn't the biggest challenge when it was soft and could be split relatively easily, but after being exposed to the air, limestone hardens, so the most difficult part was shaping the blocks. This step was crucial because the slightest errors could cause the entire pyramid to collapse. The sand mixed with the appropriate amount of water was fairly slick, and ten people could move a sled even with a rock weighing so much.
By Oluwatosin Adebayo2 years ago in History
Story of Dash Avatars of Bhagwan Shri Vishnu
Vishnu, the Preserver God in Hinduism, is said to descend to Earth in various forms to restore balance and uphold dharma (righteousness) whenever needed. These divine appearances are known as Das Avatars, ten avatars with unique stories and purposes.
By Nitesh Prasad2 years ago in History
What if the Roman Empire NEVER FELL.
The year is 410 A.D. The Visigoths, led by Alaric I, have breached the walls of Rome. The tribe has pillaged, looted, and burned its way through the Eternal City, leaving devastation in its wake. This first sacking of Rome in 800 years severely weakened the Roman Empire, which once seemed unstoppable. With the Roman military scattered, corruption rampant, and the deposition of Romulus Augustulus, the Roman Empire was on the road to collapse, ultimately crumbling 60 years later.
By Shinzou Wo sasageyo2 years ago in History
"Inside the South Korea Central Intelligence Agency: History, Operations, and Impact"
Authentic Foundation: The KCIA was established in 1961 by Park Chung-hee, not long after his tactical upset that brought down the public authority of Top state leader Chang Myon. The production of the KCIA was essential for Park's technique to combine power and balance out the country during a period of political precariousness and financial difficulty. The organization was designed according to the U.S. Focal Knowledge Office (CIA) and entrusted with both homegrown and global insight gathering, as well as public safety tasks.
By Habibur Rahman Roni2 years ago in History
Pyramid Power: Unveiling the Mysteries of Ancient Egypt's Monumental Marvels
The Great Pyramids of Giza stand as enduring monuments to human ingenuity and ambition, captivating our imagination for millennia. As the sole survivor of the original Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, these colossal structures continue to mystify and inspire. But the story of Egypt's pyramids is far richer and more complex than many realize.
By Daisy Kebaso2 years ago in History
THE MYSTERY OF 911 .FULL STORY
it's ben sliny's first day as national operations manager at the federal aviation administration i can recall the morning of 9 11 quite clearly it was forecast to be an absolutely brilliant day on the east coast which is crucial to air traffic control and the running of aircraft without delay the perfect weather means american airlines flight 11 departs boston on time [Music] but 25 minutes after takeoff air traffic control is alarmed to hear foreign voices in the cockpit the supervisor told me there was a potential hijacking in effect it soon becomes clear this is no ordinary hijack when news bulletins report the north tower of the world trade center has been hit by a plane i did not know it was american 11 at that juncture but i feared for the worst next sliny witnesses the second tower being hit live on tv there was a collective gasp in that room that uh i can still hear in my ear today and then that was followed by an incredible silence [Music] to see an aircraft that you know is loaded with passengers and crew crash violently and suddenly like that it's the most stunning sight i've ever seen in my entire career in aviation i could not get my head around the notion that the hijackers could force a pilot to fly the plane into the building [Music] what sliney doesn't know is the planes are not being flown by pilots by terrorists and there are two more on their way to hit targets with potentially even greater consequences the third hijacked plane american airlines flight 77 took off from washington dulles airport and will later impact the pentagon the fourth hijacked plane is also on a deadly course for washington dc with jihadist ziad gerard at the controls but the passengers and crew of united 93 are not letting the plane go down without a fight they were not going to be stopped they were trying to get that airplane back in control and kill those or subdue those that had taken the aircraft over but the passengers would never have made it into the cockpit had the terrorists not delayed their mission this is what the movie doesn't explore what follows is the real story of ziad jarrah the tale begins in beirut lebanon with an ordinary young man ziad jarrah grew up in an affluent family of secular muslims and doesn't go to mosque he was a party boy he had a good time he didn't live a strict religious life at 20 years old he's celebrating his acceptance into a junior college in germany but college life in the german city of greisfeld is not as exciting as jarrah imagined i don't know what he expected to find at grey's fault but what was there wasn't it and the town is dreary and it's not hip in any way it's cold it's dark and for a guy from the shores of the mediterranean uh it had to be a shock physically jarrah initially struggles to make friends and it's at this point the two new influences enter his life that will tear him in opposite directions the first is a radical muslim student from yemen who is vocal about his contempt for western life the pseudo preacher abdulrahman i think he came to germany and was appalled by what he found and then he sees these young muslim men he felt it was his responsibility to keep them on a truer path and to not become westernized not become corrupt like the west not to fall away from islam abdul rahman calls jarrah a weak muslim who doesn't know how to say his prayers so now here's somebody in his face about not being devout enough not being pious abdul rahman invites jarrah to attend his student prayer group i hope we will see you there the second big influence he meets is dentistry student isil senguin isil is quite pretty very gregarious very outgoing and very popular isil makes fun of abdul rahman's reputation as a self-appointed enforcer of muslim doctrine when jarrah starts dating isil his life in germany seems to get better and he makes plans to study dentistry they made a striking couple ziad was a handsome young man and they were the center of attention at parties but there's an ongoing conflict because jarrah is also being influenced by the yemenis extreme views of islam against isil's wishes jara has been attending abdul rahman's prayer group she objected to his association with abdul rahman and they fought about that they broke up they got back together it was a fraught relationship despite isil's best efforts she's losing the man she loves to extremism he wasn't the happy-go-lucky guy they had all known he had a demeanor wanted her to wear a veil when there were different clothes he wanted to choose her friends [Music] she objected to the new belief system that he was beginning to espouse she thought it was a dangerous way to go and it made no sense in the modern world [Music] isil's fears are confirmed when jarrah follows abdul rahman and his radical friends and moves to hamburg jarrah abruptly quits his plan to study dentistry and switches to aircraft engineering and abdul rahman introduces jara to al kudz a mosque in the city's red light district the depravity of the area offends the devout muslims when you walk down steindam you experience the worst of the west if you needed evidence you didn't have to go very far it's not theoretical there's an albanian hooker shooting up on the corner and so when you walk into the mosque it's an escape from the horror of the west and that horror reinforces everything you're being told about it being the wrong path jarrah has entered the most radical mosque in europe he's welcomed as a brother and offered solace the clubhouse it was a place where young men mainly gathered and it was a real companionable aspect to it there's a place for people who are away from home where they could have some part of home or some community of their own but appearances are deceptive the men here practice a version of sunni islam that is particularly harsh fundamentalist and militant the rhetoric would peel the pain off the walls i mean it's just horrifying the preachers would tell these young guys that their duty was to go and be a soldier of islam to be a soldier of allah and to be vicious about it the preacher says it's too bad that we have to kill the young children but we have to it's our duty and the west made us do this the young men soak up the extreme rhetoric if you're 19 or 20 years old you're looking for something to believe in you get this it can be pretty powerful jarrah's new friends from the mosque invite him to the house of the followers an apartment on marion strasse they may seem like any group of young outsiders but these men will one day be known to us intelligence as the hamburg terror cell it became sort of the second clubhouse and they hosted large numbers of their other friends from the mosque there they would recruit other people to come and learn islam they would pray and they would watch videos and they would chant and they would talk about devoting their lives to jihad the young men discuss a way to express their devotion to islam they talked endlessly about this and they would argue about it we should just go have families we should raise our children the right way they thought they were pious men they found a path that they thought was righteous they're trying to find a way to act in a world they saw gone wrong they turned their focus to the unrest in the middle east they were watching videos from battlefields of islamic radicals reading about osama bin laden everything was coalescing right there their anger their fury was building up toward the west toward the united states eventually they decided that what they were called upon to do is devout young men was to go fight on behalf of their beliefs to say that they were wrong is to say the obvious these guys wanted to do more than just sit around in an apartment in hamburg and spew islamic chants they wanted to put their plans into action and they thought going to afghanistan would do that jarrah ramzi bin aziz al sheep and muhammad atta volunteer to train with al-qaeda in afghanistan it's the first step on an evil journey that will change the world forever [Music] by december 1999 the hamburg cell has arrived at an al-qaeda training camp near kandahar in afghanistan with their fluency in english and familiarity with life in the west the hamburg cell stands out as a valuable asset to al-qaeda fairly early on the leadership saw that these guys were to be used for a different reason very quickly they were elevated to a different class the four are selected to meet the leader a man who will one day be the most wanted terrorist in the world osama bin laden [Music] bin laden assessed them very quickly and saw that they were people who could live in the western society bin laden reveals a chilling plot to bring the world's greatest superpower to its knees we're asked if they will accept this mission for what bin laden called the plains operation you're going to learn to fly airplanes into buildings and kill thousands of people [Music] and they said yes immediately i don't understand that would you not pause none of these guys are recruited they're volunteers offering themselves at just the time that college jake muhammad and bin laden were looking for pilots they just happened to walk in the door it must have seemed like a gift from a la you know i mean it's just an astonishing thing obviously these guys were prepared they had already gone over to the other side the men are instructed to return to germany and apply for flight school to seal their pact jarrah films a martyrdom tape with muhammad atta you can see what belief wrongly wielded can do boy you got to be careful you have to be careful with what your belief system instructs you to do when it starts telling you how to behave it can be a force for enormous good in the world and right now it's it's also a source for enormous bad [Music] when he arrives back in germany jarrah reports his passport lost and claims a new one it's an old al-qaeda trip to expunge any record of travel to afghanistan jarrah quits the mosque dresses in western clothing and shaves off his beard they were instructed from that point on in germany or in the united states they weren't to look apart they were to look as westernized as they could but there's one major thing that sets jarrah apart from the rest of the hamburg cell even as he became more radicalized he couldn't let isil go he was the only one that maintained that kind of relationship there was something about him that kept one step outside that circle which makes him very unique when jarrah disappeared isil feared the worst he left without telling her where he was going she thought he was going home she was frantic which she couldn't find when she didn't hear from him it's five weeks later he walks into the apartment he's shaving his beard he looks like the ziad she knew in grey's fall jarrah apologizes for his absence and begs her forgiveness he brought gifts he promised he had changed she asked where you've been he said it's better that you don't know where i was so she probably had some suspicion but again if she wanted a relationship to go on here he was it appeared that he had turned the corner he says everything's fine i've found myself i know what i want to do now i want us to be together forever so she was thrilled she thought great this would be wonderful get him away from all this crap you know from these people from these men start anew have a family she persuaded herself because she wanted to especially in relationships we persuade ourselves that you love or are loved you want that to be the case and and she desperately wanted that to be the case she loved him and she never forgot the zion she fell in love with wanted that guy back jara tells isil he wants to move to the us and train to become an airline pilot [Music] the first step in this evil mission is learning to fly and during the summer of 2000 jarrah enrolls at the flight training center in venice florida [Music] while the other 911 jihadists go to flight schools in venice in pairs jarrah deliberately chooses to go to a school on his own otto was on a road to at least 65 play schools saying we want to become airline pilots but jorah again the independent finds a school on his own so through all all this he's always a little different than the others jarrah excels in his flying lesson at anna kroytov's flight school my first impressions of jara were good um he seemed like a very nice gentleman tara was soft-spoken but clear he spoke several languages and he was funny he was charming to the ladies he was charming also he seemed like a nice guy so i think he played his role very well this was all part of the al-qaeda deception it was right out of the al-qaeda manual that's how you do it how you blend in [Music] once jarrah obtains a single engine private pilot's license he starts to realize american life has a lot to offer i think jarrah when his time in venice was introduced to the american dream it had to be of some interest to him he was doing things that certainly weren't in the al qaeda manual he wasn't following all the rules he makes countless phone calls to his girlfriend and visits her in germany he made five trips overseas for a total of 90 days when they were supposed to be training it had to blur his focus heisel also visits him in florida and jarrah introduces her to his new friends isil was cute or pretty when she first saw me she had a big smile on her face he introduced her as his future wife i told jared this is a good catch i mean this is a good woman it chose well jarrah's enthusiasm for the american way of life is apparent to his new friends don is always having beers doing all the stuff that you would do as a young man in florida so these are happy days bajara is not in the us for a good time mohamed atta is training at another flight school nearby in venice and keeps a close eye on jarrah atta was a unique figure he was dower resolute determined extremely religious resistant to pleasure he was totally focused on his task alto wanted 100 commitment and draw was just different than the others there were signs every step of the way that he wasn't a hundred percent committed to this at all times isil has brought jarrah a one-way ticket back to germany and al qaeda fears jarrah is backing out [Music] hatter reports back to khalid sheikh mohammed the mastermind behind the 9 11 plot ksm and ata were really concerned that jarrah wasn't going to come back after all this time he was going to drop out he still got one foot in the other life despite everything al qaeda will win he came close and they were worried about him but he never did he decided to commit himself to the attack isil flies back to germany unaware she'll never see jarrah alive again [Music] on the eve of the mission jarrah writes a farewell letter to his girlfriend he tells her to be proud you know to hold her head high that he was doing exactly what he should be doing that he was carrying out his life in the way that god wanted him to and that they would be reunited in the afterlife before boarding united airlines flight 93 with three other terrorists jarrah slips away to make a final phone call he's thinking about isil even as he gets to the airport saying i love you leading her to believe that they were going to meet again in the relatively near future she thought up until the last day that he would be coming home jada sounds normal and tells isil nothing about the plan to hijack four commercial planes turn them into weapons of mass destruction and fly them into iconic landmarks it will be the deadliest attack on american soil in u.s history [Music] united flight 93 is scheduled to fly from newark to san francisco [Music] among the first passengers boarding are luis joey nackey ii a distribution manager who flies just once a year unfortunately i can count on my one hand how many times that he flow he has flown for work it wasn't that often a keen weight lifter with a big heart he's always ready to help others out he give you the shirt off his back the last dollar out of his pocket but if you threatened him or someone he truly cared about he had that ability to turn into another person you know what he made and truly was never afraid of anyone or any man up in first class is computer engineer and family man edward felt ed was a thinker he was a problem solver [Music] he traveled the world solving issues that came up with software that his company had designed he carried a notepad in his pocket he'd be scribbling down thoughts that came to mind all the time he was married had two children uh was a wonderful father uh just a brilliant man ed has no idea he sat across the aisle from ziadjara and also up in first class are three more al-qaeda muscle hijackers they're supposed to be one pilot and four muscle hijackers jarrod's crew had one pilot and three muscle hijackers so they had one fewer man the pilot who was wavering the most had the smallest crew [Music] united 93 is scheduled to depart at 8am but at 801 it's only just been pushed back from the gate then because of heavy airport congestion it's delayed further [Music] at 8 46 a.m american airlines flight 11 piloted by muhammad atta it's the north tower of the world trade center in new york city just 17 minutes later marwan al-shahi flies united flight 175 into the south tower 200 miles away at the faa in herndon virginia national operations manager ben sliny fears the nation is under attack they called a national ground stop which simply meant that no other aircraft could take off from any airport in the country and enter the airspace system but the order doesn't stop the deadly mission of the third hijacked plane and at 9 37 a.m it hits the pentagon and that was the point at which we knew that it could not have been the pilots flying the aircraft realizing there could be more hijacked planes still in the sky sliny makes the biggest call of his life i ordered all aircraft in the system to land at the nearest airport at that point we had over four thousand aircraft airborne sliney's plan will identify any terrorists left in the sky i thought if everybody landed whoever else was in the sky well then the military could deal with that but the orders come in too late for united 93 it's already taken off with four jihadists on board 15 minutes into the flight the jihadists are meant to start the hijack and divert the plane to washington dc but the flight carries on to san francisco by now unknown to the passengers two planes have hit the world trade center hijacked crews were supposed to hijack the planes within 15 minutes of takeoff but the hijackers remain in their seats while we can never know for sure why this team of terrorists delayed tom mcmillan believes jarrah's inner conflict had something to do with it i will always believe from looking at gerard and looking at the way he behaved from the time he was in hamburg through through september 11th he was wavering till the very end and then as he always did chose to be a committed jihadi it's another 20 minutes before the jihadists put their horrific plan into action the delay will cost them their mission at 9 28 am the jihadists begin their attack [Music] ah these guys came in with their knives their box cutters it was very quick and very violent in the cockpit [Music] the horror that our loved ones saw the violence in front of them all around them i can only imagine and it's haunting terrifying to try to put myself in in their place on that day i don't know if any of us can the cockpit voice recorder picks up the violence in the cabin we know that when the flight attendant was pleading for her life i believe that they used her in the threat of her life to break into the cockpit you could hear screams it was not an easy recording to listen [Music] the third muscle hijacker emerges to force the passengers to the back of the plane this was a tactic that they used on all four flights they had watched hijackings and they wanted to threaten
By Samuel maina2 years ago in History
