THE SUN

Let's face it as stars go our sun is

actually well pretty boring come on

there's nothing unusual about it there

are millions of similar yellow dwarfs in

the universe and yet we love it after

all it's the only star we have and it

gives us life however it wasn't always

like that once upon a time the sun had a

twin possibly an evil one what happened

to it well let's find out now this here

is a giant molecular cloud they're also

sometimes called dark nebula here there

are many Interstellar clumps full of gas

dust and piles of stars these clouds

have no clear boundaries and often take

weird crazy forms you can even see some

of them with the naked eye look at the

clear sky at night they look like dark

spots all across the bright Milky Way

and this is exactly where our son was

born about four and a half billion years

ago the sun originated from one of these

molecular clouds billions of years ago

waves of energy were passing by here

they collected all this material and

compressed these clumps into dense

nuclei that's when a protostar was born

protostar was a ball of lukewarm

hydrogen and helium and then millions of

years later the temperature and pressure

inside the balls increased as a result a

star was born the Sun but not everything

in this molecular cloud has turned into

the Sun the remaining materials began to

revolve around the new star and as you

might have guessed they gradually turned

into planets including our Earth

this is how our solar system was created

but it's quite possible that this is not

the whole story and that at the same

time along with our star another one was

born the Lost twin of the sun made from

the same materials under the same

conditions but why do we think that it

exists well recently scientists have

launched some statistical models to find

out more about the birth of stars and

these models have shown that many stars

appear not individually but in clusters

or at least with one sibling after more

research scientists confirmed that yep

most stars form inside molecular clouds

are born with a companion sometimes

these companions stay together for

example a small star will revolve around

a large one they can even form double

triple and other star systems and

sometimes their paths May diverge

forever

this probably happened to our son as

well it could have had a sibling too

perhaps not even one but a whole cluster

of little brothers and sisters and one

bigger twin with a similar mass and

other characteristics but if that's the

case then where are you our lost win

well we have one hypothesis and

according to it this twin may not be as

good as it seems in the 1980s scientists

began to notice a certain pattern in the

Earth's history approximately every 27

million years give or take large-scale

extinctions occurred on our planet

pretty strange right every 27 million

years in the history of Earth some kind

of catastrophe occurred that changed its

biosphere forever as if something as

scheduled cyclically caused them then an

astronomer Richard Mueller suggested

that there may be something that caused

the events a certain Celestial body

according to him it could be a dwarf

star that we can't see because of how

dim it is it could be located about one

and a half light years away from us this

star rotates around the Sun in a huge

orbit and it approximately takes a

whopping 27 million years for it to

finish its orbit and when it gets

closest to the Sun it starts to cause

complete chaos while approaching us this

Troublemaker changes the trajectories of

comets in the Oort cloud or the Kuiper

belt as a result all these comets start

to rush straight toward us then they

crash into the Earth and cause mass

extinctions just like it was with

Dinosaurs this hypothetical star was

named Nemesis it's the name of the

ancient Greek deity of Retribution what

is it taking revenge on us for no idea

perhaps it didn't like the fact that

once upon a time the sun took away

almost all the dust and gas from a

molecular cloud the sun became a fairly

large star but the twin remained dark

and small moreover in the end it was

forced to fly away in the middle of

nowhere anyone would be annoyed by

something like this scientists have put

forward various hypotheses about what

the mysterious Nemesis is perhaps it's a

brown or a red dwarf the remnants of a

star that is completely depleted its

fuel or maybe it's not a star at all but

a rogue Planet more gigantic than

Jupiter well whatever it is its

existence isn't particularly Pleasant

for us however all our attempts to find

the culprit unfortunately fail at the

moment we still haven't found any signs

of nemesis recent Studies have called

into question the theory of regular mass

extinctions if you look more into fossil

records you'll notice that these

catastrophes occurred rather randomly

rather than on a clear schedule now

scientists doubt if Nemesis may actually

exist they also say that any star moving

in a similar orbit would be very

unstable and it's very unlikely that it

could have survived for that long but

despite the lack of clear evidence

Nemesis had become quite Famous online

many articles and news still mention it

in different contexts they like to write

off any dramatic events taking place in

the world like asteroid Falls tsunamis

and so on on this mysterious star so now

all this may seem like a typical urban

legend but let's not forget about

something important even if Nemesis

itself doesn't exist it doesn't mean

that the sun didn't have a twin first of

all everything we talked about at the

beginning is still relevant most stars

aren't born alone the probability that

our son also had a sibling is still very

high secondly there may be evidence of

the existence of this lost twin and is

probably somewhere in the Oort cloud

this is a huge cloud in the outer limits

of our solar system it consists of a

bunch of comets and other cool rocks now

scientists believe that this Cloud

stores various remnants and fragments of

everything that remained after the birth

of our solar system it's like a huge

Museum of our past

so in this Oort cloud scientists have

noticed something interesting basically

this region seems to be too heavy what

the Oort cloud actually looks like

doesn't correspond to our current models

of the formation of the solar system

it's too heavy because there are some

remnants of something in it so there

used to be something in the solar system

that we don't know about yet but when

scientists included a possible second

sun in their calculations it fit just

right like a missing piece of a puzzle

the Lost twin perfectly matches the Gap

in the weight of the Oort cloud so yeah

the sun almost certainly had a twin but

what happened to it and where is it now

unfortunately this star is most likely

already very far away probably after

their birth the Son and Daughter okay

Sun 2.0 spent only a couple of million

years together and then they had to

separate completely

now the second Twin may be hundreds of

light years away from us it can be

anywhere in the Milky Way and yeah

theoretically we could find it but that

would be quite difficult to do this we

need to find all the stars similar to

our sun about the same age all over the

Milky Way galaxy and even if we make a

list of these Stars what's next we have

no way of knowing which one was really

the twin of the Sun so the Lost twin

will most likely remain lost and our sun

will remain forever lonely ah what a sad

story but cheer up for us it's probably

the best if we had two sons perhaps the

solar system would never have become

what it is now our planet might not

exist at all and that means that there

might be no life so we probably should

be grateful for the sun sacrifice on the

other hand our sunsets would look like

the ones they have on Tatooine cool

that's it for today so hey if you

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