Riya singh
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14 Riddles to Turn You Into Eagle-Eyed Genius
Felix goes for a walk he's carrying a basket with five apples suddenly he meets hungry monkeys how can Felix divide five apples among five monkeys so that each of them gets an apple but at the same time one apple remains in the [Music] basket felix doesn't need to cut any of the apples just let one of the monkeys eat the apple from the basket felix wants to give his mom the best birthday gift ever but he has zero ideas so he decides to sneak into his mom's laptop and check what she'd saved in her online shopping cart when she's at work Felix turns on her computer but it requires a password and Felix doesn't know it luckily there's a note right next to the computer saying 9 8 6 9 he enters the code but it doesn't work what's the password felix should turn the paper upside down the correct code is 6 986 [Music] felix decides to buy a vase for his mom his friend Greg sells beautiful rare items there are dozen of vases in his store felix arrives at the store and faces a scary scene greg's head is bandaged and his store is a mess greg says "Some guys in masks ran into my store they grabbed the money and the most expensive vases then they hit me on the head and I blacked out the police are coming i hope they'll find them felix immediately understands that Greg is lying to get the insurance money how did he guess even though most of the vases are on the floor they aren't even cracked if the vases had fallen from the shelves during the robbery they would have been shattered felix is watching a TV show two people participate in a contest according to the rules each person has to hold something finally the jury announces the winner it's the person with their hands and feet tied how can this be possible simple the participants had to hold their breath and the tide person managed to hold it the longest felix is hanging out with his sisters and mom they have three chocolate bars for five people felix has to share these bars in such a way that everyone gets the same amount of chocolate can you help him [Music] break each of the bars into five pieces this way everyone will get three pieces in total a weird sound wakes Felix up in the middle of the night he runs to the room where his three sisters sleep but one of them is only pretending to be sleeping can you guess who the third sister hid her dirty sneakers under the bed and there are French fries under her pillow she just returned home and made noise along the way the next day Felix goes to his favorite place for brunch luckily it's happy hour time they offer a 30% discount on all meals felix takes a bagel with salmon for $12 black coffee for $1 and a slice of chocolate cheesecake for $2 after the brunch Felix leaves the restaurant and finds a $30 bill on the ground how much money did Felix spend in total felix spent a total of $15 as for this $30 bill it's fake there are no such dollar banknotes so his finding doesn't make any difference felix is attending his high school reunion all of his friends seem to be doing well in life samantha is wearing expensive brands mia has a bunch of the latest smartphones jacob shows up in a fancy sports car and Shawn is wearing a luxurious gold watch on his wrist take a look at Felix's friends can you guess who's really rich samantha didn't take off the price tags from her clothes so she's probably planning on returning them after the reunion mia's gadgets are fake take a look at the label it's just a copy of the original brand as for Shawn's watch it's way bigger than his wrist so he probably borrowed it from someone else's hand therefore Jacob is the richest person here felix is chilling by the pool with his friends can you find anything odd here the weather is warm but this tree is cold and covered with snow felix is having a business trip to Hong Kong he arrives at the airport and meets two pretty ladies near his gate one of them is a wanted criminal can you guess who [Music] take a look at the poster on the wall the criminal has a neck tattoo although the first lady has a very similar hairstyle and makeup her neck is clean and she doesn't hide it from the public eye meanwhile the second lady wrapped a scarf around her neck probably to hide her tattoo busted felix arrives in Hong Kong and checks into a cozy hotel the manager warns him that someone has recently started to rob the hotel rooms every once in a while the thief is super fast the police couldn't catch him after another robbery felix decides to stay here anyway he drops his stuff on the bed and goes to the shower when Felix returns to his room he sees that his wallet is missing and the window is wide open he spots the criminal entering a grocery store nearby felix rushes there and finds three suspects can you tell who the robber [Music] is it's the lady in the middle the first woman is wearing high heels which means she wouldn't be able to run so fast and the third lady has a cast on her leg so she's not a robber either felix goes to his family's house after the business trip he's very excited to finally eat his favorite chocolates he's been dreaming about all week but the chocolate is gone felix interrogates each of his sisters leah says "I just got home and I haven't eaten anything all day." Diana says "I was studying all day and I didn't eat anything either." And Kelly says "It wasn't me who ate the chocolate but I guess it was Leah who did [Music] it take a closer look at Diana's desk there's a chocolate wrapper but she said she didn't eat anything she must have [Music] lied felix opens a fancy home decor boutique one day an old man comes in he picks a $30 rug and asks Felix for a discount and Felix agrees to sell it for $20 the old man gives him a $50 bill felix doesn't have any change so he goes to his friend who works nearby to change the bill the friend gives Felix two $20 bills and one $10 bill felix gives the old man $30 and puts the remaining $20 in his wallet the old man leaves with the rug soon after that the friend rushes to the store the bill you gave me is fake i want my money back felix gives his friend his own $50 how much did he lose in total [Music] felix sold the bag at a $10 discount so he already lost this money and then he gave the old guy $30 as change and he had to return $50 to his friends for the fake bill but this $20 bill was the one his friend had given him so Felix had to add $30 from his own pocket and in total Felix lost 70 bucks finally Felix saved enough money to buy a car he's having a meeting with three guys who want to sell their cars each guy tells a few words about their vehicles jake says "I wanted my car to be special so I bought this one but now I'm tired of this bright color." Harry says "I got married and now I'd like to sell my sports car and buy something bigger." And Will says "I used to be a beginner so I purchased a cheap used car and now I want to sell it." Felix immediately realized that one of the guys is lying who will the logo of his car doesn't match the logo on his key
By Riya singh10 months ago in FYI
Astronomers Found Planet That Could Suit Human Life
look at this fascinating planet it looks as if it's burning it must be hotter on its surface than in the middle of Death Valley the ground is parched cut by giant cracks there's not a drop of water in this boiling world now it's the same planet but it looks like a totally different place everything is frozen the temperatures are so low there isn't even a tiniest chance that life could survive on this planet this bizarre world is called HD20794D and it's located 19.7 light years away from Earth in the constellation Ardinous this planet is a super Earth this term means that it is larger than Earth but smaller than such ice giants as Neptune what makes this planet especially interesting is its unusual orbit which moves it in and out of its stars habitable zone the region where temperatures might allow liquid water to exist now we haven't seen this unusual planet directly astronomers detected it by measuring tiny wobbles in its star using two powerful instruments Espresso and HARPS located at telescopes in Chile these instruments measure radial velocity which is the small movement a star makes as a planet's gravity tugs on it the larger the wobble the more massive the planet later astronomers analyzed the data and figured out that the planet in question has a mass around six times greater than Earth's it orbits a star which is slightly smaller and dimmer than our sun what makes this star unique is that it is bright enough to be seen with the unaded eye unlike many other stars that host exoplanets you won't be able to see them without a telescope the star system has been observed for over 20 years astronomers have long suspected it had multiple planets in 2011 scientists discovered two other super Earths orbiting the star every 18.3 and 89.6 6 days respectively for some time researchers thought they had found a third planet with an orbital period of 40 days later they realized they had made a mistake but recently after reanalyzing years of data astronomers have confirmed that the third planet does exist and it's our extreme HD20794D a researcher from the University of Oxford played a key role in identifying the planet he used a special computer algorithm called Yurara to separate the planet's weak signal from the background noise it helped him confirm that the planet truly existed and was pretty unique unlike the planets in our solar system which have mostly circular orbits the newly discovered one follows a highly elliptical stretched out orbit it takes 647 days to complete one trip around its star that's just 40 days shorter than Mars' orbit around the sun at its furthest point the planet is twice the Earth's sun distance which makes it an icy world far outside the habitable zone at its closest point it moves inward to 75 AU where it enters the habitable zone where liquid water might exist this extreme movement creates truly bizarre seasons for some part of its orbit HD20794D is frozen like an icy wasteland as it approaches its star temperatures rise and ice likely melts forming temporary oceans the planet then experiences a short scorching summer it is so hot that the water on its surface might evaporate into the atmosphere shortly after the planet moves away again it triggers a gloomy fall with rains followed by a deep freeze in winter in other words the planet switches between extreme cold and intense heat which makes it a very unpredictable place for life if any life forms exist there they certainly need to adapt to dramatic changes in temperature and environment why does the planet follow such a mind-boggling orbit it might be a leftover effect from events billions of years ago when the planetary system was still forming at some point another large planet may have disturbed the orbit of our extraordinary friend another possible explanation is that a giant planet once existed in the system and its gravity pushed HD20794D into an elongated path later this giant planet may have been ejected from the system leaving the smaller planet in its current orbit this theory makes sense because the two other planets in the system B and C have more normal circular orbits the discovery of this planet is so exciting because it challenges what we know about habitable planets most planets in the habitable zone stay there permanently but HD20794D only passes through it scientists want to know if such a planet could still support life even briefly so future telescopes will study the atmosphere of this planet looking for signs of water gases or even light another super Earth that might have the right conditions for life orbits a star 137 light-years away in space terms this is considered relatively close a lightyear is around 6 trillion miles the planet is called TOI715b and it's about 1.5 times the size of Earth unlike HD20794D it's permanently located in the habitable zone look that's what astronomers think the planet might look like toi715b orbits its star very quickly completing a full orbit in just 19 days but even though it's close to its star it may not be extremely hot all because its star is a red dwarf that's a type of star that is smaller and cooler than our sun this means TOI715b could have a milder temperature compared to other exoplanets that orbit closer to hotter stars nasa discovered the planet using the transiting exoplanet survey satellite this space telescope finds planets by watching for small dips in a stars brightness which happen when a planet passes in front of it since red dwarfs are smaller and dimmer than the sun planets passing in front of them are easier to detect astronomers are planning to study the planet further using the James Webb Space Telescope this powerful telescope located 1 million miles away from Earth can analyze the atmospheres of distant planets if TOI715b has an atmosphere JWST could help scientists determine what gases are present in it and whether such conditions could support liquid water or even life one more promising world for our search for extraterrestrial life is an extremely dense super Earth in the K2360 system an international team of researchers from Japan and Europe has discovered this remarkable multilanet system orbiting a sun-like star located 750 light-years away this system has two planets including one of the densest rocky planets ever found the K2360b is a rocky super Earth about 1.6 times the size of Earth but with a mass 7.7 times greater this makes it as dense as lead the planet orbits its star incredibly fast completing one full orbit in just 21 hours it's the densest known ultrashort period planet with well-measured properties as for its sibling this is a much larger outer planet with at least 15 Earth masses it takes 9.8 days to orbit its star sadly since it does not pass in front of its star from our viewpoint scientists cannot determine its exact size the unusually dense planet might be the core of a much larger planet over time intense radiation from its parent star may have blown away its outer layers leaving behind only its dense rocky core so in fact this planet could show us what might happen to some planets that are too close to their stars astronomers think that the planet may have moved inward over time due to interactions with its larger companion planet one possibility is high eentricity migration where a planet's orbit becomes highly stretched out due to gravitational interactions before gradually becoming more circular near the star another theory is that the planet's spin and axial tilt can cause its orbit to become more circular such planets are rare and finding one with a massive outer companion can help scientists refine their theories about how planets form and evolve in extreme environments with its help we might also understand how rocky planets evolve and what happens to planets that get too close to their stars
By Riya singh10 months ago in FYI
This Discovery Might Be a Warning About the End of Time
now history isn't just carved in stone but these drawings on 11,000-year-old rocks might be warning us about a freaky future both the Mayans and the people at Gobeclet Tapa made big predictions about humanity's future what's eerie is that despite being hundreds of miles and years apart they used similar symbols now let's get one thing straight ancient civilizations often depicted their deities as humanoids you'll find humanoid representations of celestial beings in ancient Egypt but also in pre-Colombian societies from the Americas for example Aztecs had an important deity they called Ketzu he was related to the wind Venus and the sun in some ancient Aztec art he's depicted carrying a tiny handbag the shocker is that a very similar winged figure was represented by the Assyrians now it's already odd that they chose similar forms to represent their gods even though these civilizations didn't have any contact with each other but to draw an almost identical handbag that seems like a bit of a stretch of course now when we say handbags we mean carvings depicting things that look like modern handbags not quite Coach or Prada but you get the idea some theories suggest this mysterious handbag could be related to time travel we've seen that Gobecé tells of a great flood that destroyed an ancient civilization but during that civilization's time they raised cattle and grew food they knew how to handle seeds and grow crops according to one theory this stylish accessory could have been used for carrying seeds since Gobeca is believed to be near where Noah's ark might have been found the people of the area could have gathered seeds to plant in the new world after the great flood strange definitely but so is everything we've been talking about so let's roll with it another theory on the meaning of the handbag has a much more straightforward approach in multiple ancient cultures the circle was used to represent spirituality and non-materiality but the square was often associated with concepts of the earth and materiality so what we modern humans understand as a handbag might be an image that symbolizes the reunification of the earth and sky of the material and non-material elements of existence not a bad theory I would say but then who am I some researchers like Graham Hancock are not convinced with these previous explanations for him Gopeka is all about little gray people and their contacts with ancient earthling civilizations you see right in the middle of this ancient site there's a special pillar called Pillar 43 or enclosure D at first glance it looks like an astronomical calendar you see the scorpion that's the scorpion constellation and that ball in the center it's all about the sun's alignment we know ancient societies like the Maya or Incas were stellar astronomers so what's the big deal here turns out the folks at Gopekea were talking about a massive natural disaster that wiped out all forms of life before their time when astronomers recreated the angles and positions from Pillar 43 it showed an astrological setup from over 13,000 years ago the stone also depicted a tragic event a mix of a flood and a meteor shower the headless man that's humanity's tragic end and the snake from the ground giant waves washing over the earth and it's not just one stone telling the tale pillar 56 shows more of the younger dus event or as it's called the terror from the sky you see animals fleeing and waves crashing as the meteor shower hits but wait while 43 gives us the exact date of the last disaster pillar 18 in enclosure D gives us the date of the next possible wipeout the art depicted in this pillar zooms in on the constellation of Aquarius now you might have seen the movie The Age of Aquarius or heard some woo woo theories about how we're entering this phase right now you see what I'm driving at gopekley Tepa might be giving us the date of the next disaster so that we have time to prep for it these images could be a survival guide for humanity or not now this would be bananas if it weren't for one piece of evidence let's check the facts the Enki comet discovered in 1786 used to be part of a mega comet 100 miles wide made of ice metal and rock it broke up and formed a debris field now instead of one huge comet we've got millions of smaller ones when the Earth passed through that debris the folks at Gobecleta saw a firestorm of comets all coming from the Aquarius constellation just like on Pillar 43 now here's the supposed scary part we pass through that same debris field every year if you're watching this in September October or November we're flying through it right now it could happen that these debris fall onto the surface of the Earth all over again repeating history but so far that's just a theory the mind-boggling question is how did the people at Gobecé know about an event that happened before they were all born in 2019 excavations kicked off at Karan Tepa about 40 mi from Gobecleta but research suggests it might have been settled even earlier gobeci seems to have been a place of worship or an observatory but Kahan Tapa shows signs of a structured society excavations at Kahan Tepa reveal artifacts like intricate carvings tools and even possible remnants of buildings this suggests that these people were not just hunters and gatherers but had a structured society with spiritual or ceremonial practices in 2020 researchers started unearthing several other settlements in the area indicating that Gobecleta was part of a huge metropolis the whole site is known collectively as TAS Tepler the thing is the math around all this has scientists baffled around that time Earth was just leaving its last ice age and scientists used to think stone age civilizations were primitive but evidence keeps showing up proving that wasn't the case for Gobecé to have existed with that level of tech 12,000 years ago there must have been an even earlier civilization that kind of tech doesn't just pop up out of nowhere and hey we've got plenty of other proof of advanced societies take the Mayans for example recent discoveries have shown they were even more advanced than we previously thought they built massive cities with roads up to 130 ft wide painted white to guide travelers at night a feat you'd expect in places like Portugal or England these roads sometimes elevated over swampy ground formed a network of over 964 settlements like a giant spiderweb a bunch of scientists turned their eyes on this theory but it could be the connecting point of everything we've been speculating about in this video after all the people from the sky could have come down and told the people from Gobecleta about the destruction of a more ancient civilization than theirs or not remember don't give up your critical thinking just because you see something on the internet anyway Gobecley Tea raises suspicions just as Stonehenge and the Great Pyramids of Egypt when we mix little green aliens into the equation it explains one way that surreal engineering feats were possible in these sites but it also underestimates our human ancestors and their thinking abilities one of the main characteristics of Gobecley Tepee's architecture are the T-shaped pillars the heaviest of them weigh 20 tons and are around 20 ft these pillars were erected perfectly without so much as a dent in them sure that's pretty hard to do without modern machines but hey maybe they figured it out and built it after much effort now in case you don't know what I'm talking about this old pal is supposed to have cracked the secret of the pyramid builders in modern day America he used it to build his own castle and other mesmerizing structures so hey I guess we'll have to keep digging to find out the actual facts about it all huh
By Riya singh10 months ago in Earth
Scientists Just Made a Groundbreaking Discovery in Antarctica
antarctica a snowy world of about -46° F covered in ice for millions of years But it wasn't always this way Scientists just found something buried deep beneath the seafloor that shouldn't exist Tiny golden droplets of amber This means that Antarctica was once teeming with life and thick with trees But something happened to it Something that could reshape the way we see our own future Antarctica has been a land of howling winds for millions of years No tree can grow here today But scientists who studied those lands decided to drill deep beneath the Antarctic surface They went thousands of feet below the ice pulling up ancient layers of sediment And there trapped in time they found tiny pieces of golden amber Amber is basically fossilized tree resin It's found all over the world often with perfectly preserved pieces of ancient life Insects trapped mid-flight Pollen frozen in time Entire tiny ecosystems can be locked inside golden droplets In every continent but not in Antarctica until now They discovered tiny specks from 0.5 to 1 millimeter in size smaller than a grain of sand but with huge significance This droplet had once oozed from the bark of a tree about 90 million years ago What's even wilder amber is only produced by certain types of trees the ones that grow in humid temperate rainforests and jungles That's when the realization hit Antarctica used to be a rainforest Those tiny flexcks of amber clearly seen only under a microscope tell us a vivid story of a living and breathing ecosystem Around 90 million years ago during the Cretaceous period when dinosaurs ruled the Earth Antarctica could have been covered in lush swampy forests filled with towering conifers ferns and ancient plants Some of the fragments showed signs of damage That means the trees that produced them had been injured perhaps by wildfires or parasites Though despite that and despite the fact it spent millions of years on the seafloor this amber was almost perfectly preserved solid transparent and free of cracks Normally amber buried under extreme pressure and heat just crashes over time But this piece it survived That means other pieces could survive as well and we might find more of them on the ocean floor But this wasn't the first sign that Antarctica had once been a different place entirely It started in 2017 A team of scientists drilled deep into the seabed near Pine Island Glacier on Antarctica's west coast They pulled up sediment cores long cylindrical samples of earth that had been buried for millions of years And it was insane Inside these layers they found fossilized roots pollen spores traces of an ancient forest that had once thrived here And that's exactly what they'd been studying ever since then In order not to damage anything they had to spend years of hard work breaking down the sediment into thousands of tiny pieces and scanning them all under fluorescent microscopes The same team also found another piece of the puzzle back in 2020 They found more sedimentary samples from the ocean floor that pointed to a land of dense trees rivers and wetlands a world that looked more like the Pacific Northwest or New Zealand But why was Antarctica so warm back then Well that's all because of the atmosphere 90 million years ago Earth's carbon dioxide levels were terrifyingly high It was literally one of the warmest periods in history with temperatures soaring even at the poles Think about it Antarctica had no ice caps Instead it could have had buzzing insects and maybe even dinosaurs wandering through its forests But in order to learn what happened to them the team has to find more evidence Antarctica really is a place full of mysteries It's hard to study because it's covered in snow and ice so much that we don't even know its true shape and size Some parts of the ice sheet are over 3 m thick half the depth of the Mariana Trench the deepest trench on Earth Luckily snow has a great quality It can freeze things in time perfectly layer by layer year after year It buries nature's past like a time capsule Luckily snow has a great quality It can freeze things in time perfectly Layer by layer year after year it buries nature's past like a time capsule At first fresh snow is soft and shifts easily in the wind full of air But as more snow piles on top it compresses squeezing out the air pockets and hardening into dense ice This freezing pressure locks everything inside It traps ancient plants animals and even entire landscapes and they literally get frozen in time because the extreme cold slows down decay It stops bacteria growth preventing rot and keeping things almost perfectly intact for thousands sometimes even millions of years That's exactly what's going on in Antarctica Scientists have to literally scan it all the way down this snow in order to find what this place looked like millions of years ago What they found is an entire lost world buried under miles of ice It was beneath the thickest ice of East Antarctica near the Aurora and Schmidt subglacial basins The weight of the ice has been so immense for so long that it actually protected the land from erosion Scientists call it the ghost of Antarctica's landscape And it's nothing like the smooth flat wasteland seen from above They found rivers that once flowed freely now frozen in place Valleys carved by water Even three massive sharply peaked hills But what are they To understand that we need to go even further back in time to the era when Antarctica was still part of a lost superc continent Hundreds of millions of years ago the land we now call Antarctica was part of Gonduana an enormous superc continent that included South America Africa India Australia and Antarctica all fused together But as Earth's tectonic plates slowly drifted apart Gonduana broke into pieces Antarctica was ripped apart its land stretched and fractured The massive ice sheets that formed later covered these broken land masses preserving them like frozen fossils As the ice shifted and melted over time valleys formed and ancient rivers likely carried water toward a coast that was hundreds of miles away from where it is now But that's not the only thing Antarctica has hidden If you stripped away the ice you wouldn't see a smooth empty continent You'd see a super dramatic landscape towering mountains deep valleys even fiery volcanoes In West Antarctica at least 138 volcanoes are buried under the ice One of them Mount Arabus is still active And inside it has warm volcanic caves where you could walk in a t-shirt Oh and if it wasn't weird enough Arabus is also spewing out gold Yep The actual tiny specks of gold from deep within the Earth Scientists believe this happens because magma the superheated semiolten rock beneath the Earth's surface carries liquid gold with it as it rises Every single day Arabus releases about 0.2 lb of it That's worth around 6,000 bucks per day In a year that adds up to 64 lb or more than $2 million floating into the sky Unfortunately before we grab shovels we got to remember that those are just microscopic particles They're often smaller than 60 micrometers thinner than a human hair Not even mentioning that they're scattered around up to 620 m away from the volcano itself Finding them is nearly impossible But that just shows that even in such a harsh place that looks just like a white desert there are still many fascinating mysteries to discover For example somehow life still clings there In 2017 scientists drilled deep beneath the ice of the Ross ice shelf looking for water but they found something fantastic instead A river hidden beneath 1,640 ft of ice running through the dark and inside it hundreds of tiny shrimplike creatures They swarmed around the camera blocking the lens welcoming the scientists in deep caves beneath the ice DNA evidence has also shown traces of moss algae and possibly even unknown tiny animals So turns out even in one of the harshest places on Earth life finds a way And who knows what else we'll discover in the South Pole
By Riya singh10 months ago in Earth
Scientists Just Solved the Loch Ness Monster Mystery
scientists have finally solved the loch nest monster mystery here's the spoiler you ready it's not a real monster it's probably a dinosaur that survived Through the Ages or just a bunch of debris floating on the water thanks to many findings on the loch nest creature we have proof of another story to tell you it was 1933 when a man named George Spicer and his wife were driving along the shores of Loch Ness that's when they saw something massive with a long neck moving across the road looked like a creature straight out of the prehistoric era a dinosaur like Beast unlike anything they'd ever seen that was the moment that loch nest monster theories started spreading around like wildfire one of the most famous Lock Des monster sightings came just a year later in 1934 when a man took a photograph that became the most well-known image of Nessie that's the nickname she was given she anyway the photo known as the surgeon's photograph showed a long neck creature rising out of the water and for years it convinced people that the monster was real but years later the truth came out one of the men who helped take the photo confessed it was all a hoax the photo had been staged after all when the photo was published it had been significantly cropped this made the animal in the picture look much bigger than in real life fueling the theories that the loch nest monster did in fact exist exist in the 1960s one of the first big scientific attempts to investigate the mystery of the loch nest monster happened a research team took sonar equipment to the lake and spent hours scanning the waters in search of evidence of large creatures what they found was puzzling they recorded several objects moving deep in the lock or lake with no clear explanation as to what it was though the team didn't manage to capture anything definitive this sighting helped fuel the belief that there was indeed something massive living in Loch Ness after that research about the mystery of the Loch Ness monster kept popping up in 1972 with the help of underwater photography some researchers managed to capture strange images which got people's hopes up for a minute but the truth is this early research about the Loch Ness monster was far from conclusive now of course not everyone bought into the mystical magical theories about The Lochness Monster Theory 1 from a professor of zoology at Oxford University has made it clear that the monster is a biological impossibility hey my pediatrician said that about me too meanwhile he says that no skeletal remains have ever been found in the region plus no fishermen have ever caught anything resembling the creature in their fishing nets for him this works as proof that it simply can't be real when it comes to the famous photos of the loch nest monster as evidence well that's pretty simple the professor offers a more downto Earth explanation he argues that these images are either showing floating debris or birds like corant which have long necks and often appear to be low in the water when people refute his suggestion he takes us back to human psychology and explains that people often make mistakes and misjudge the size of things especially when they just caught a glimpse of it and even more so when they are hoping to see something specific now many of those alleged photos depict an animal with a long neck and a small head which has led some to believe that what they're seeing is a placosa a giant Marine reptile that lived 215 million years ago and disappeared with a dinosaurs the idea of a plesiosaur surviving all these years is a theory that's been around since the first sightings of the creature but this researcher isn't buying it m he explains that no plesiosaur fossils have been found in the region dating to anything later than 66 million years ago the idea of a prehistoric creature still lurking in the waters of Loch Ness just doesn't hold up scientifically then there's Theory number two from a British naturalist who has spent over 50 years investigating the loch nest monster phenomenon his conclusion is a little less dramatic he believes that most people who report sightings of long neck creatures are misidentifying other animals He suggests people think they are seeing a sea serpent reports of sightings from the loch nest monster have been around since the 6th Century CE long before they were distilling Scotch whiskey or other explanations early reports of these SE serpents describe large creatures with long snake-like bodies and multiple humps some say the creatures were as big as boats and many swore they saw something swimming in the waters many of these early sea serpent sightings may have been misunderstandings or exaggerations of normal animals in the lock like large fish or even swimming Birds they could have been large eels which are known to live in loch nest these eels especially when they're moving might have given the impression of a long undulating creature in the water people who saw these eels from a distance particularly in low light or Misty conditions might have mistaken them for something much more mysterious Theory number three says something else Nessie is just a series of standing waves these happen when two boat wakes move in opposite directions creating a big hump in the water that could look like a Creature From a Distance Loch Ness enthusiasts even showed how it works with footage from Fort Augustus where a river meets Loch Ness these enthusiasts had big plans to use drones with infrared cameras and special underwater microphones to search the lock Now Loch Ness is massive stretching around 23 M long and more than 700 ft deep so they thought they needed drones and infrared cameras to put an end to this discussion but despite everything they haven't found Nessie but it's not only the loch net monster that lacks scientific explanation there have also been scores of sightings of Yetis and sat squatches that no one can really explain folks have made movies dreaming of finding the truth about these creatures but according to recent research and evidence it looks unlikely that we'll ever find definitive evidence of their existence science says they can explain Squatch sightings and this is how biologists who study Wildlife using camera traps which are set up in remote areas to capture images of passing animals have long attempted to find elusive species these cameras detect movement and snap pictures providing invaluable data on the biodiversity of different ecosystems as camera traps collect more photos over time the number of species recorded grows however after a while the number plateaus suggesting that no new species are being detected while it's impossible to claim 100% certainty researchers say that after significant camera deployment it's safe to say the likelihood of discovering new species especially large ones like Bigfoot or the yeti dropped significantly camera trap Studies have been running for years in regions where these creatures are rumored to live but so far no conclusive evidence has surfaced instead the supposed proof of bigfoot or the yeti often comes from blurry photos or shaky videos taken by individuals who claim to have encountered them the scientific understanding of biology also makes the existence of Bigfoot highly unlikely often described as a great ape Bigfoot would have had to evolve in North America however great apes evolved in Africa and the only great ape to make it to the Americas is homo sapiens whose ancestors crossed the bearing straight only about 16,000 years ago this is far too short a time for a new species like Bigfoot to have evolved while it may be disappointing for these mysterious creature enthusiasts the scientific evidence points firmly toward the conclusion that creatures like Bigfoot and the yeti are more fantasy than reality after Decades of extensive scientific research it's safe to say that yes science has solved the mystery of the Loch Ness monster and it's pure fiction so what do you think
By Riya singh10 months ago in Earth
Why You Should Be Way More Afraid of Ants
statistically 3% of inhospital amputations performed by skilled surgeons end up in amputation of the wrong limb but that's what happens in the human world ants somehow managed to do that right even without attending a medical school researchers have recently made a groundbreaking discovery regarding the medical capabilities of Florida carpenter ants they saw those ants perform amputations on their injured Colony members marking the first known instance of such behavior in the animal kingdom the study found that ants triage wounds and adapt treatments by amputating legs depending on the severity of the injury the ant in question engage in these amputation procedures after sustaining injuries in battles with neighboring ant colonies according to Specialists the ants are able to correctly diagnose wounds and decide whether amputation is necessary for survival injured ants willingly participate in the process demonstrating a unique form of cooperation within the ant colony while the exact reasons behind this Behavior remain unclear researchers speculate that ants that undergo amputations have a higher chance of survival compared to those with untreated injuries the study also revealed that additional species of carpenter ants May exhibit similar amputation Behavior indicating that this medical treatment might be more widespread in the Ant World than previous ly thought scientists hope to further explore the implications of these findings including the ant's ability to feel physical discomfort and other strategies they may have for treating injuries if there are ant surgeons there must be Ant nurses too right well mbella ants are like the nurses of the insect World rescuing and healing their wounded buddies after battles with termites these ants are native to Africa and aren't afraid to take on biting soldier termites in their quest for food these ants carry their injured comrades back home after raids but rescues don't stop there once back at the nest ants take turns caring for the wounded using their mandibles and front legs to hold the injured limb in place and lick the wound for up to 4 minutes at a time the ants don't just help their friends out of the goodness of their hearts it turns out that these rescues are essential for the injured ant survival with up to 80% passing away within 24 hours if left untreated researchers found that the licking Behavior might help prevent infections and improve the chances of survival while humans can't walk more than a couple of blocks without consulting Google Maps ants use the sun's position and visual memories of their surroundings to guide them home while walking backward with heavy loads of food research reveals that ants are not only skilled Navigators but also masters of adapting to their surroundings in creative ways previously believed to have two separate reflexes guiding their movements ants have now been shown to strategically look behind them and use the sun's position to set their course while walking backwards basically it's like ants have their own GPS system which is impressive considering their small brain yep Size Doesn't Matter when it comes to Intelligence on another note trap jaw ants have been found to have a surprising trick up their sleeves when facing Predators these quick and fierce ants can actually Propel themselves into the air using their powerful mandibles to escape threats researchers observed this behavior in trap jaw ants encountering pit building ant lions and found that this unique Escape mechanism significant ly increased their chances of [Music] survival the friendship between ants and aphids has been a topic of Fascination for scientists for ages despite being as different as night and day these two insects have joined forces to ensure their Mutual success like the ultimate dynamic duo in the bug world their partnership demonstrates mutualism a fancy word for a give and take relationship where everyone wins ants play bodyguard for aits keeping them safe from pesky predators and parasites while also making sure they never go hungry in return aphids whip up some delicious honeydew for ants to enjoy kind of like a bug potluck one of the perks of being pals with an ant is having a personal security detail on standby 247 using their impressive Jaws ants scare off any troublemakers trying to mess with their apid buddies some ant species even go above and beyond by taking aphids under their wings well legs and moving them to safer locations aphids may not have the best taste in plant meals but they sure know how to turn it into a yummy treat for their ant Friends by turning plant sugars into honeydew aphids provide ants with a tasty snack packed with all the energy they need to keep on trucking ants will go to Great Lengths to find their apid buddies and stock up on this sweet sustenance ants and aphids aren't just munching on snacks together they're Master communicators too using special chemical signals ants guide one another to food sources and warn of incoming threats they even exchange signals with their aphid Pals sometimes giving them a little tickle with their antenna to boost honeydew production aphids aren't just sitting back and soaking up the sun they're proactive members of this bug buddy system they listen to ants signals and adjust their feeding habits accordingly maybe even packing up and moving if ants say it's time for a change of scenery ants may not produce honey do like aphids do but despite being insects they can produce milk like all the mammals out there who knows maybe one day we'll get ant milk lattes at Starbucks just kidding so most researchers thought they knew just about everything there was to know about ants until they decided to take a closer look at their pupe scientists have observed ant colonies for over a century Amazed by how ants work together like one big superorganism but despite all the attention on ants busy activities researchers haven't really focused on the pupil stage this is when ants transform from larae into full-grown adults in a recent study scientists revealed that ant pupe play a crucial role in colonies by producing a milk-like substance that feeds the rest of the ants this discovery was surprising because milk-like secretions were found in at least one species from each of the five major ant subfamilies so this amazing find suggests that there may be many more antt species out there making their own milk and the milk making process might have originated early in the evolution of all ants trust me you don't want to be on bad terms with ants or else they might Adorn their houses with your head I know it sounds insane but here's the deal ants really use their fo's heads to decorate their homes for the past 60 years scientists have been puzzled by the behavior of a small ant called for fora AR Baldi these guys love to Adorn their nests with the skulls of trap jaw ants which are armed to the teeth with venomous stingers and massive snapping mandibles despite the odds formica Arc boldy ants in Florida are skilled at bringing down their larger adversaries and snagging their heads how do they manage to do it you ask well it's all about their quick and efficient acid spray turns out formica Arc boldy ants seem to have a taste for a few specific kinds of trap jaw ants by mimicking their prey scent these Head Hunters have found a clever way to overpower them in battle but why exactly do they collect their Fox skulls some experts think it could be a way to Mas mask themselves from kidnapper ants who brainwash entire ant colonies tiny Weaver ants have impressive nest building skills and can create nests that are a thousand times bigger than themselves they create their dwellings by carefully pulling tree leaves together and securing them with silk produced by their larvae to start their construction project ants pick out a tree branch that will work well for their nest then they gather around leaves and begin pulling them together until they can form a solid structure once the leaves are in place it's time for Weaver ant larae to shine adult ants carefully transport the larvae to spaces between the leaves where they use their silk producing abilities to glue everything together .
By Riya singh10 months ago in FYI
These Riddles Will Have You Puzzled - Literally
James is a journalist who loves solving difficult crimes he heard on the news about a mysterious disappearance of pets all over town so he decided to investigate for himself he started by visiting a park where most pets have disappeared over the past week by looking at the image can you tell who's responsible for the disappearances [Music] the old lady looks pretty innocent and that young couple is too busy arguing but the guy sitting on the bench has a dog collar hidden in his pocket but no dog he's the culprit the following week he heard rumors about a small Supermarket that was selling expired products to their client so he went to investigate it more closely he examined the cookies the soft drinks and the bottles of milk can you figure out if the Market is really committing a crime here take a look at the milk the expired milk is hiding behind the regular milk it's more yellow than the new ones guess they imagine people would buy it sooner or later one of James friends invited him to go to a festival to investigate a serious case they were serving expensive dishes es with absurdly lowquality ingredients they tasted the food of a few stalls before they could identify which chef was sabotaging the food can you tell the Stalls look fine but the last Chef is suspicious on the back of his stall you can see the amount of flies flying over his ingredients they are poorly conserved out of the fridge and probably gone sour by now e an important art gallery premiered a new show filled with expensive paintings of a new artist only regulars came to check it out but by the end of the night one of the paintings had disappeared can you help James check the security tapes and figure out who did it [Music] these three elderly men look suspicious one of them is wearing a hat in doors which is weird but stylish the second is wearing sunglasses at night but the third one with a stooped back well no one's back is that rectangular he must have hid the painting under his coat behind his back a horrible crime happened in James neighborhood and a person was severely hurt James went over to check the crime scene there were three women in the house one was cleaning one was investigating and one was taking photos can you guess who's guilty [Music] here check the details the one who was cleaning had a stained cloth with a red stain on it that looks like blood but it's just the paint from the wall came off a bit while the one taking the photos has a shiny object in her bag if you look closely it's a sharp knife that matches the object used in the crime one night James decided to go out for dinner when he ran into one of his exes Maria he noticed she was out on a date with another guy but was hurt because they had broken up just a few weeks ago take a good look at the picture can you help James figure out which guy Maria is on a date with from the two guys standing on the bar's counter Maria's date is the guy on the left he's holding a gift in his hand and if you look closely the tag says from Pete to Maria so he's the one James was getting so good at solving Mysteries that a game show host in invited him to be on the lookout for potential sabbot tours of the show one night three contestants were invited to pick up a bar of gold from a bowl filled with piranhas James noticed that one of the contestants was cheating can you figure out which one it's the guy in the middle he switched the fish from his bll if if you look closely they're more golden than the other ones that's because it's another species not as dangerous as piranhas ba just came back from living abroad and she invited James to her welcome back party during The Night the Lights Went Out the music stopped and someone screamed they were being robbed James spent the rest of the night looking at the security footage to identify the robber can you help him figure out who it was [Music] [Music] it was the girl dancing on the left corner take a close look at her pocket before the lights went out there was nothing there then it has something in the shape of a necklace in there Friday night James went to a concert of one of his favorite bands but the concert was over an hour later because one of its members simply disappeared when she finally appeared the crowd shouted she didn't look like herself James figured out she in fact wasn't herself but the band was trying to cover it take a look at the evidence how did James figure it [Music] out the first picture shows the original band the guitar player is blonde and doesn't have a pimple on her face that night the guar player was brunette way taller and had pimples it's finals week at Crestwood Academy and the tension was Sky High on the day of the biology exam the principal decided to invite James to supervise all the classrooms when he strolled into room 5A he immediately spotted someone up to no good and got them suspended on the spot check out the classroom and see if you can figure out who is cheating it's the student with a smart watch he's looking at his watch to get the answers to the exam there was a recent Breakin at Mr O'Reilly's store luckily James was around to solve the crime he noticed one small but very important detail from the security footage that solved the mystery take a look at the image images can you figure out who the thief [Music] is now let's see that guy is just carrying around a baguette the one near the fridge has normal groceries in her cart and the last guy is holding a lettuce in his hands but hey take a look at the lettuce it has such a weird shape in fact it has a banana in side of it the guy was trying to sneak out with a banana and a lettuce he's the thief definitely James boss Roberto got arrested there was something illegal inside his bag but he claims it wasn't his James went to investigate the case he checked the security cameras and saw that two people walked inside Roberto's office while he was out for lunch one of them put something inside his bag can you guess who [Music] the first woman stopped by the window to clean it but she didn't touch the bag while the second bent to throw something in the trash and discreetly placed something inside his bag she's the culprit James got a call from a gift shop the owner told him a robber came in dressed as the Joker but since it was Halloween a lot of people were walking around dressed up like that James took a snapshot of the security footage and tracked three suspects take a look at the image can you guess which Joker is the real thief the thief is the Joker on the left take a look at his shoes they're much bigger than the other shoes he must be hiding something inside of it James finally decided to run a marathon right before the Finish Line he did his best and outran the person who was running in second place somehow he still didn't finish first why this is what happened he was fast enough to outrun the person who is going to come in second place but not fast enough to outrun the person who finished first Noah James roommate got his motorbike stolen straight from their garage James started to search for it and track three main suspects take a look at them which one stole Noah's motorbike it's this guy on the right look closely his motorbike is painted but the paint is dripping and one can spot the old green color he must have stolen it and painted it a different color so as not to attract any attention .
By Riya singh10 months ago in Psyche
Do Indians Prefer Love or Arranged Marriage?
the picture hey bosses it's Marie from Asian boss can you imagine your parents or even your entire family being involved in finding your future spouse well that's the reality from many people in India where arranged marriages are still widespread but what are the perceptions of young people towards arranged marriages today and are there any potential advantages to this traditional approach we were curious to find out so Asian bus reporter hit the streets of Delhi to get some local Insight we heard that 90% of marriages that happen in India are arranged would you say that's true uh yeah I think that that would be true I know a lot of people in my friend Circle as well as uh in my relatives who have got arranged marriage this is completely true but nowadays thing has been changed now a lot of people are getting getting into love marriages the circle that I'm in mostly people go for love marriages but yes people also do prefer arranged marriages but I think that's more in the business Circle they sons or their daughters married at a very early age so you know maybe they've just finished their college or they are into college and they just get them married of do you happen to know somebody in your friend Circle who happen to do marriage which is not arranged yeah myself is a love marriage myself have a love marriage but my family are in my family all have arranged marriages and they are happily married sometime why do you think arranged marriages are so common in India because of their parents and their family and all culture about they have most probably have arranged marriages not love marriage because they think it's against the law and against the people thinking I think arrange manages are so common in India because we respect what our elders tell us and uh our ERS try to find the perfect match for us and uh they think they consider a lot of factors including what's the others lifestyle and a number of factors so I think uh that plays a major role most of our parents are not comfortable about the AR like the love marriage talk and talking about arranged marriage they were very comfortable saying that they are very sure about the person they see the family if we talk about youngster they have to take decision what the parents is thinking like because if they don't see that way if anything happen in future the blame is going to come on them head and they are fear to that they might have to leave their family they are afraid to answer most of the relatives what they're going to think about it so there are lots of happening so rather than going for that thing love marriage they go for arranged marriage so that they can be you know secured of all those questions so most of the thing parent childrens or the parents go for arranged marriage even though you are in love with some person so how do arrang marriages work in India for our Global viewers would you please like to explain them who are not familiar with it like with the stepbystep process um so like the parents would introduce their son and daughter to each other and then they'd meet probably like for the first time and then within like a couple of weeks maybe a month they'd be married so you have heard the old ad age right that in in the west two people meet they fall in love they decide to be together they get married in India their parents decide to meet and their families decide to get married so it's it's a whole lot more effort in getting four 5 8 10 15 people to like each other rather than just to we do have matchmakers or even in families we have people who are helping their you know the nieces nephews Sons or daughters or anyone you know friend Circle they might have a boy or a girl who is eligible for a marriage so that's how they you know they start interacting with their families and um they go and investigate in India that's the culture they go and investigate about the family whom their daughter or their son is getting married into take an example a cousin uh uh he's he's of marriable age now what we're doing uh for arranged marriage is we're looking for prospects across uh social media apps matchmaking apps also as well as there's offline matchmaking also so parents look for matchmaking both on these platforms so when they find a prospective uh partner considering all his uh educational background family values and everything then uh the the two people the male and the female they meet together at some point and they discuss whether uh they're interested and they would be willing to share the life and then they they can have some time to spend together it's on their parents if they want to give their uh children some time to spend together and if they think that okay then um they're married what are some of the basic criteria your parents would look for when they are looking for a compatible match the boys should ear too much yeah that's actually expected from most of the Indian parents they advertise and the advertisement comes like this Fair slim beautiful well educated partner required for uh hardworking industrious well established in see young man there are a lot of things like cast system and economy background and his family has some some assets some land land bank so their daughter will not face any problem for a guy like me uh they would definitely a see who is you know girl who is housem maker and who is not that outgoing they probably don't like the girl who who is you know be working who is uh meeting the other people out there on the daily basis so they do not prefer that so why do you think in arranged marriages uh your parents happen to look forward for a woman who is a homemaker not an outgoing person uh because I think there is still a taboo like a women if going out with on work or on something it she might engage with other people she might engage with other guys which the family don't like you know your daughter-in-law is roaming around with other people your daughter-in-law is parting like that your daughter-in-law is dressing up like that which is still a taboo in the Indian society and uh we heard that in some cases the groom and the bride first meet on the wedding day and not prior to that is that true yes that's still true in many scenarios in Delhi we are still you know upgraded but if you go to the other you know R rural side and the Village area it's still the same it's called quite funny you know you're seeing just a picture okay I'm going to marry that guy or girl who is there in the picture it used to be like that um you know that's like many many years ago they would just meet up first day on their marriage only but now times have changed no Girl Wants to Marry a boy without meeting him without knowing him and similarly no boy wants to you know marry a girl without interacting with her so times have changed now so can people say no to a match proposed by your parents or for an arranged marriage or is it just not an option well that's your choice I mean if you're willing to stand up against your parents and say no then you can't complain but some people feel like they're fced into it how do you think how would your parents react to it if you declined their I've already told them I'm not having an arranged marriage they were well it's okay I think it would be a really really tough situation for me because I'm coming from a very Orthodox family but if you see me I'm very open I'm very upfront you see most of the people are are there in depression the marriages are not working out and the major reason is that because people are not getting chance to know that person before they are you know deciding to settl in their life with that person I mean it depends a lot of times you can say no uh there are a lot of places where your opinion is respected personally in my household I can say no to an arrang marriage with my parents arrange for me but there are also some parts of India where uh you know uh arrange marriages are the only option and you can't you cannot say no uh to the family decision there are Financial social obligations for certain people now we are fortunate enough not to have that pressure on us so we could we we could we were able to take our time but for some people it's not a reality and it's an unfortunate State of Affairs like it's not that people want to do this but at some stage it's more like people have to do it so what happens is when when we talk about that uh to our parents that I want to do uh love marriage first thing that they ask what she do like what cost is she from take an example of my house my cousin sister after 4 years when they you know uh uh told their family that we want to marry each other their family denied they told her that you know we will find a boy for you okay just talk to him for like one year two year as many year as you can and just you know know each other better and then after that you can get married how do you think the perception of arranged marriages differ from urban and rural areas in India rural areas is still arranged marriage is very common I think but in urban where they have started working the girls have started most of the girls are working urban areas to I think mostly love marriage has come up ruler time we don't have much time or the girls are much more prized to get married at early ages like biver you know Rajasthan areas and all that so there are that areas where we can't fight against our parents or we can't fight against our society arrang marage in rural areas is like they have to go through there is no option for the love marriage but in urban areas if it comes so there is a mix of population both love marriage and arranged marriage we have come across certain scenarios where people want to break this taboo and go for love marriage they have been killed they have been separated so things like that happen and there is so many stories that are still not uncovered in India because this is very common you know the guy and the girl have been shot because because they were in love with each other they want to go for a love marriage or they want to do a you know different cast marriage so would you personally prefer to have an arranged marriage or love marriage love marriage why is that um I just want someone for my choice not theirs like it's not that I don't trust them but I'd rather choose I would personally prefer the love marriage thing because uh uh right now I'm not in a relationship but yeah I like a girl like I I I know her from like s years let's hope for the best yeah all the I had a arranged marriage in today's scenario I think it's better if you know the guy but in our case also arrange marriage was equally good because that time this was only common anything would work arrange your love what are the biggest advantages of arranged marriages you think you are not responsible for anything or anything happening in the future if I in a relationship and got heartbroken so I just over with the thought of Love marriage see you can blame your parents Point Blank if happens just tell you know you never my choice my parents for you know your you and me like I would never have married you and this is especially true of women she might start beating me now what did my father see in you why do arrange managers work the advantage is the expectation bar is set very low you know whatever you get you feel happy with cuz you don't know each other like if your partner turns out to to be a cook you didn't know whether they could cook or not in the first place so whatever you're getting is good so expectations are lower and the other big thing is familiarity breeds contempt so when people get to know each other intimately from a very early age I believe a lot of people lose sight of the how of the person you know how they evolve you dated somebody when you were 19 say and now both of you are 39 example 20 years are past you have evolved Who Do You Love do you love the 19y old person you fell in love with or the 39y old person you with now it's very difficult to keep track of evolution in love marriages biggest Advantage the family support in arranged marriages maximum family do support their children at any situation and anything happen with their life they will support in love marriage usually the parents doesn't support them why is that why do they not support them because in arrange marriages people people feel uh people feel and parents feel uh they are they are being cheated because they spend a lot of money on their children on education and all that things they have traditionally minded people and that's why and what do you think what are the disadvantages of the r disadvantage um I don't think so because I'm I got arranged marriage I I have no disadvantage and are you guys happily married right now yes we are happily married we have got three kids and we are happy we have three daughters it's a gamble arrang marriage is a gamble fully gambling would you please elaborate on that yeah sometime you find a very good and suitable guy all all over of your life but sometime you find out a boy like who is drinking smoking and not just like you and who don't you don't want that type of Life guy with you for a life time and you have to live with them and you have to make your family with them it's not like in Western countries that if you if it doesn't happen you just kind of go go out of the marriage and you lead your own life in India still girls uh you know try to make that marriage work because of the family pressure because of the society pressure right so I think that is one disadvantage of the range marriage that they will never move out of a you know of a marriage thinking that uh you know uh the society will start thinking negative about the family or them do you think arranged marriages lead to more stable and longlasting relationships than love marriages I have an example of my parents our parents basically I used to think it earlier but now I think even love marriages are good how did your like attitude change over the years what because General Society the change in the society what I'm see now though I'm experiencing a lot of love marriages it depends like sometime the only advantage that happens when the match which your parents is making click to each other otherwise it's not going to work out it's never going to work out or both of them decide okay we are doing for the family sake we just running this marriage for the family sake but love is something which develops with time of course when you're living with a you know dog or a cat in a one house you might not like it for the some time but when you start living with that pet you start loving it you start you know get affected it so in that case it works out but majority I see it's not working out the love marriages is the only thing with the youngster which the youth wants to go for in the end of the day I think it's a gamble it's just a chance that you take it might work and it might not uh love marriages also break and they also last forever and so is the case with arranged marriages so I don't think there's a direct relation here how do you think uh the attitude towards arrang versus love marriages have changed among younger Generations in India uh for the younger Generations like being a part of the younger generation I can say for sure that uh younger people want to find love and uh be uh married to the person that they love they are moving more towards love marriages so that they already know their partner rather than just uh you know just taking a chance or trusting their parents that they they might find the right person for me so they're taking uh the ownership themselves.
By Riya singh10 months ago in Humans
Who Is the Right Person for You?
Alrighty, then who is the right person for you Finding the right person to share your life with is super important we all want to make the right choice to be happy about Take this test to find out what type of person is the right one for you you will answer 10 questions I'll give you five seconds for each answer. You will see the number of points you get for this or that answer after each question Counting down from number ten We know you are one of a kind and so you deserve someone special what talent would you appreciate most in your prospective partner A The ability to love and care is the best talent ever the great problem solver see any Creative talent will do music painting poetry A get your 30 B is 20 C is 40 D is 10 Question 9. What do you look forward to doing together with your partner most of all Introducing my love to all my family and spending time together with them C: try crazy new things like bungee jumping also traveling the world A Equals 30 B 20 C 10 D 40 C: try crazy new things like bungee jumping also traveling the world significant other A: Meet the parents B: Breakfast at Tiffany's or any other good old vintage C: spider-man Wonder Woman The Avengers action please D: the wolf of Wall Street, I want someone with an appreciation for dark humor A Is 30 points B 40 C 10 D 20? A: Meet the parents B: Breakfast at Tiffany's or any other good old vintage How do you expect him or her to react A: Listen to you and not understandingly then hug it out B: Come up with some crazy unexpected solution ideas the planning alone can be so much fun. You will forget about your troubles Number seven we all have our ups and downs when sharing your problems with your partner How do you expect him or her to react A: Listen to you and not understandingly then hug it out A Is 30 B 10 C 40 D 20 Six what would you never give up for your relationship A: Freedom to move around the world B: my career goals C: my style in my good taste in music and art Discuss the problem constructively to find a solution that will actually work A equals ten points B 20 C 40 D 5 your prospective so must have some nickname given by his or her friends which of the following sound most appealing to you A: Savior B. Rumia C: the big wheel D troublemaker A: Is 30 points B is 40 C is 20 D is 10 5 your prospective so must have some nickname given by his or her friends Now here's number 4 hearing which of the following phrases from your partner would be an absolute deal breaker for you A: I lost my job, and I think money is highly overrated B. I don't really get that whole marriage thing C: I think it's time to settle down and get serious Speaking of nicknames you can also take this test to find out which one is perfect for you A Is 20 points B is 30 C is 10 D is 40 A: I lost my job, and I think money is highly overrated B. I don't really get that whole marriage thing C: I think it's time to settle down and get serious Using one emoji. What is it going to be ? A: Two hearts B: fireworks C heart eyes D: romantic sunset A: Is 30 points B is 10 C is 20 D is 40 Question 2 imagine you have made it to diamond ring stage, what would your ideal honeymoon look like A: Trekking in the Himalayas B: Disney World Adventures C: Caribbean cruise D: euro trip bring on the museums and sites A is 10 points B is 30 C is 20 D is 40 Question 2 imagine you have made it to diamond ring stage, what would your ideal honeymoon look like A: Trekking in the Himalayas B: Disney World Adventures C: Caribbean cruise D: euro trip bring on the museums and sites Something really sweet and personal like a 100 reasons why I love you handmade booklet B: Tickets to some exciting destination C. Cooking something special for dinner and dancing the night away D: I think I deserve something expensive a fancy vintage wash maybe A Is 40 points B is 10 C is 30 D is 20 Something really sweet and personal like a 100 reasons why I love you handmade booklet B: Tickets to some exciting destination C. Cooking something special for dinner and dancing the night away D: I think I deserve something expensive a fancy vintage wash maybe A Is 40 points B is 10 C is 30 D is 20 Time to do some math and find out the results If you have 100 to 150 points you'll be happy with an adventurer trying new things together traveling the world looking for special in the ordinary and being bold and Spontaneous is what you appreciate most in life. We hope you find a fellow free spirit to share it all with soon You got 160 to 220 points in that case a Materialist is out there waiting for you. Maybe that well-organized successful individual will walk into your life tomorrow who knows Together you will happily plan your future and follow that plan achieving every life goal You will both work hard at your office and on your relationship, and it will make it last those who scored 232 300 points will be in a harmonious relationship with a family man or woman You can't wait to settle down and start living with a person who will share your values and beliefs Trustworthy strong and really supportive. These are the qualities you will recognize your true. Love by If your score is 310 to 400 points a romantic dreamer will come into your life and stay there for good You need someone to chase sunsets with to fly you to the moon Then let you play among the stars without leaving your own home and to give you all the love and admiration you deserve do you agree the result you got is the right one
By Riya singh10 months ago in Psyche
Laws & Causes
it's a penny from 2027 that's right it is a piece of counterfeit US currency or is it there are no 2027 pennies today which means that this is a counterfeit of an original that doesn't exist yet I mean sure if you didn't look at the date this could pass is real but will it not truly be counterfeit until 2027 well what we do know is that it's novel team has a lifespan it's really cool to show people today it's a penny from the future but in 2027 it will become indistinguishable from a common penny and it will cease to be as interesting I cannot tell you where I got this but the point is I can break the law I am free perhaps not free from punishment but nonetheless here we are I cannot break the laws of physics nothing can why today I want to look at the lawful behavior of spinning let's start with a physics classic as a spinning ice skater pulls their body in closer they spin faster and faster it's really cool but what is accelerating their rotation what is pushing them around faster and faster you can try this at home with a chair that spins and some really heavy books in both hands now to get started spinning I'm gonna have Jake give me a push I don't need Jake no no watch this with him gone I can nonetheless speed myself up by just pulling the books in if I move the books out I slow down somehow pulling the books in speeds me up around now if you look up why this happens you'll probably be told that it is because of the conservation of angular momentum oh the conservation of angular momentum I love demonstrations of it and this is one of my favorites this is a Hoberman's sphere a toy that collapses and expands doesn't it sort of remind you of me with the books far from my body and in the books close to my body and it behaves in much the same way I need to give it some angular momentum to start but once I do if I bring all of that mass towards the axis of rotation it speeds up and then it slows down and then it speeds up and then it slows down speeds up slows down I love this thank you conservation of angular momentum but what are you well if you look it up this is what you will find for a particle in circular motion around some center of rotation see the angular momentum of the particle is defined as the product of the particles mass the particles instantaneous velocity B and the particles distance from the center of rotation are M V R this is angular momentum if you divided me and the chair and the books I'm holding into a bunch of tiny little particles and found the MV ours for every one of those particles and summed them all up you would have the angular momentum of the entire system of me the chair and the books but notice that this is just a mathematical expression combining three different measures it's not a physical substance you could pull out of a particle and hold in your hand or put in a jar and study it's kind of like oh I don't know taking like my weight and multiplying it by the number of countries on earth and then multiplying it by the time however unlike something like that this concept is really useful because we have found that in our universe over time it is conserved if the particle is pulled towards the center of rotation its our value will go down but angular momentum is conserved so one of these other variables must go up well at low speeds mass is essentially constant so the only option is for the velocity of the particle to increase for the particle to spin around faster than it was before if the R value gets smaller the velocity must get larger or else a law has been broken but how do atoms and molecules know to follow this law I mean is there some kind of physics police force in the universe bullying everything into compliance how do all the atoms I pull in know to speed up and why do they always obey our laws like embodied presences guiding matter around No I have with me right now three things a lamp a nail and a shadow gotcha I actually have four things with me the fourth is inks astonishing ruler designed by Vsauce if you're subscribed long which means that this is the distance light travels in a vacuum during one billionth of a second if I hold my hand just that far away from my eye I am seeing my hand as it was a billionth of a second in the past pretty cool now this ruler allows you to measure lengths of things in light picoseconds sound microseconds Micro Everest s' that's one millionth of the height of Everest beard fortnight's decimal inches and of course good-old centimeters now if you asked me hey Mike why is the shadow of the nail four and a half centimeters long well I would say who's Mike but that I would be helpful and I would answer that the length of the shadow is caused by the height of the nail and the position of the light source and that's a pretty good explanation because if the nail were taller and or if the light source were lower the shadow would be longer or if the nail were shorter and or the light source was higher the shadow would be smaller now these three measures the nails height the lights position and the shadows length are all related mathematically such that if you gave me only two of them I could figure out the third always so I could declare this relationship to be a law but that does not mean that the law causes them to all have the measure that they do for example if you ask me hey um why is the nail six centimeters tall what causes the nail to have that height well if I said well the nails height is caused by the shadows lengthen the lights position you'd be like as if alright I mean sure we can figure out the nails height by knowing about the shadow and the light but that does not mean that they are causing the nail to have the height that it does to know why the nail is six centimeters tall we'd have to ask whoever manufactured it or whoever sets nail standards or whatever the point here is that we should not confuse relationships laws with causes explanations that involve the causal reasons for things are often better but what is an explanation well that's easy to answer explanations help us understand things but what does it mean to understand does it mean to not stand up fully or does it mean to stand underneath and to look at from below if I can understand something can I also over stand something well as it turns out the under in understand does not mean beneath or below instead it means inside to stand surrounded by to be a part of now this sense of under is quite common for example when you say ah well under those circumstances you don't mean well when those circumstances are overhead and I'm under them instead you mean if I find myself in those circumstances and that is how under is used in understand to understand something is to stand in the midst of it to be part of it and to be within it and that is helpful to keep in mind I cannot walk into something that's crumpled up and closed off to truly understand something it needs to be opened up for me unfolded and that is what an explanation should do the word explain literally means to flatten plain out X explain to make flat now if you'll excuse the analogy if this is a story I want to read and it's all crumpled up a physical law basically just tells me a summary of the story it'll tell me how the story ends what language and grammatical rules were used to write it but an explanation will flatten the page out and allow me to see the details an actual word and the word that follows it and so on all the way through so let's unfold the phenomenon of me speeding up my rotation when I pull the books in and find a physical mechanical cause for that increased rotation I have here two different circular motion paths around the center of rotation which we'll call C now when a particle is traveling in this outer ring and is suddenly pulled in it doesn't stop moving around and suddenly just go right in instead it takes a bit of a curved path like this now this is really interesting because in order for a particle to be in circular motion it must have two things it must have put the particle there it must have a velocity that is tangential to the path but it must also have a centripetal force a center seeking force that always points towards the center of rotation now notice that these two arrows are at a right angle to each other so the centripetal force is not speeding up or slowing down the particle it's just changing its direction constantly tada circular motion however when the particle is pulled in and it follows this curved path to this inner orbit its instantaneous velocity is no longer perpendicular to the centripetal force its tangential velocity tangent to that curve is going to look something like this but notice that now the centripetal force is no longer at a right angle the force that is changing that particles Direction is no longer at a right angle to its velocity instead if this is the normal to its velocity the centripetal is pulling the particle forward ahead in its rotation speeding up its rotational velocity so as you can see I speed up when I pull the books in because when I accelerate the books towards myself I'm not just accelerating them towards myself I'm also accelerating them around now likewise if a particle were to be pushed out from an orbit like this into a larger orbit it's gonna not you know it's not gonna do this it's not gonna go up time to go here one straight line no it's gonna go like this okay I'll go to the larger orbit but look now on this line the particles instantaneous velocity is something like this and the centripetal force is not perpendicular to that line this is let me give that a little V oh yeah nice labeling all right so oh wait now you can see it whoops all right so this is the one we're talking about though this is the one that matters all right so the the the normal to that velocity might be like this so now notice that the centripetal force is actually working against the velocity of the particle decelerating it so of course it slows down when I move the books further out my rotation slows down because moving them out is also decelerating them now this is why it is harder to pull your arms in when you're spinning than when you're not because you're not just moving your arms into yourself you're also accelerating them in the direction of their rotation not only is the magnitude of angular momentum conserved so is the direction but what is the direction of something spin what seems easy enough right look at this what's the direction of its spin clockwise or is it someone standing on the other side would say that it was traveling counterclockwise Oh interestingly this means that if you were to ask the face of a clock which way its hands spun it would say counterclockwise of course in order to unambiguously differentiate the direction of rotation we need a tool that has no axis of symmetry in any of the three spatial dimensions of our universe and luckily I've got a tool just like that in here I've been keeping it fresh and OH because a sworn I oh there it is it's my right hand a human hand is asymmetrical in the X Y & Z directions we've got thumb no thumb wrist fingertips palm knuckles now because of this property if we orient two pairs of opposite sides in a particular way the one remaining pair will be locked now my fingers can only really curl in the palm direction on the palm side so if I have my fingertips in the direction of a wheelspin curled such that an object on that spinning object travels from my wrist around to my fingertips well then my thumb will only point in one direction no matter which side I'm on from behind this is now going clockwise but the right hand rule still puts my thumb backwards that's very cool we call the direction that the right-hand thumb is pointing the direction of the wheels angular momentum but we could also use the left hand we'd get opposite directions than the right hand gives us but so long as we all agree to use the same hand we will always be on the same page but as it turns out of course the right hand was chosen and so determining the direction of angular momentum and velocity is called the use of the right hand rule okay so now that we know how to find the direction of angular momentum we could explore how that part of it is also conserved I have here a very special wheel oh yeah it's pretty crazy looking that's because I wanted it to be really massive so I wrap I'm not sure it's really that safe but oh man is the effect good all right now let's say that I gotta you have my right hand free let's say that I start spinning the wheel like this the direction of its angular momentum can be found using the right-hand rule I curl my fingers in the direction of rotation so that's something on the wheel is going from my wrist to my fingertips and I look at which way my thumb is point it was pointing up let's call up the positive direction I don't know the magnitude of the angular momentum of the wheel right now it's some number but let's just call it L and since it's up we'll call it positive I could call it negative all that matters is that I can differentiate one direction from the opposite all right wonderful so notice that if I spun the wheel this way I'd have to turn my right hand over to curl my fingers properly now my thumb is pointing down so this would be negative let's call the magnitude of this wheels angular momentum L positive L well if I got the wheel spinning so that it had an angular momentum of positive L if I then turn it upside down its angular momentum will have changed direction it would have swapped from being positive L to negative L however if nothing else is interfering that can't happen without angular momentum being conserved so what plus negative L is positive L our original well positive 2l and that is what we will see happen if I spin this wheel like this such that it has an angular momentum of positive L and then I turn it upside down something else will have to have an angular momentum of positive 2 L so like imagine my thumb being twice as long what is that something else well it'll be me in the chair is this very cool so let's make sure we know what's about to happen I'm gonna spin the wheel this way then I'm going to turn it upside down and so I'm going to see myself in the chair wind up rotating this way I'll rotate that way all right so what I'm gonna do is have Scott step in and give this wheel a nice healthy spin in that direction so it has an angular momentum of positive L I'll take my foot off the ground when he's done so I'm in more or less isolated system and I'll turn the wheel upside down and I should go that way whoa angular momentum is conserved that's pretty cool but the conservation of angular momentum either its magnitude or or its direction is not Y turning the wheel upside down spun me this way website kicked my empty to cup a container anyway what caused me to move well if you do this yourself you will feel the handles of the wheel literally pushing you put in a torque on your body and it has everything to do with that concept I have covered in my spinning video and my video ending about Euler's disk if the wheel isn't spinning and I push it down right here it'll tilt like that right not very surprising that's the kind of tilt we would expect but when the wheel is spinning all the piece of matter out here well they all have some velocity before I hit them for example when a piece of matter on the wheel is out here it's moving backwards and when I push it down it doesn't suddenly stop moving backwards the wheel doesn't stop instead the pieces I'm pushing are now going to go backwards as they already were and down so they go backwards and down and then they come back up and the entire wheel is found to tilt this way look towards me 90 degrees ahead from where I actually pushed it down a push down here causes the wheel to move like this a push down here would cause the wheel to tilt like this a push up here would cause the wheel to tilt like let's see 90 degrees ahead in the rotation like this and this and this is exactly what I'm doing when I turn the wheel upside down so when I put a torque on the wheel to turn it while it's spinning like this the wheel actually turns this way but I have two hands holding it my left hand lines up getting pushed backwards and my right hand pulled forwards that puts a torque on my body which causes me being pushed back here and pulled forward here it causes me to be turned and so I turn this way the way that we saw in the demo in the and that is the physical origin of the phenomenon we just witnessed the key point here is that nothing you have seen happen today happened because of the conservation of angular momentum physical laws don't cause anything to happen but plenty of things are demonstrations of their truth now don't get me wrong I love physical laws they truly do represent a conquering of mystery when we find a way to project definite numbers onto reality and make predictions that's amazing but not coupled with causal mechanical physical explanations their generality can come across like magic now magic is fun for sure but congruences between mathematics and reality oh that's a sweet nectar in mathematics we get to make the rules pick the axioms we can even decide what kinds of reasoning are allowed or not and after doing so we get to play around and see what happens mathematics is the plane of games science is finding out what game you're playing and we still don't know what game we have found ourselves.
By Riya singh10 months ago in Education
How Many Holes Does a Human Have?
if you keep going you will eventually emerge out my other end and for this reason it has been said that the human body is like a doughnut yeah you are just a bunch of meat packed around a central Hulk or are you humans have more than one hole right I mean we've got nostrils and ears the whole sweet pea out of the holes were born from nipples our pores yes there are subatomic gaps between the molecules were made out of where don't we have holes well that is the rub literally if you cut a clove of garlic in half and then rub that fresh raw end on your foot about an hour later you will start to taste garlic in your mouth that's because the molecules that give garlic its taste are small enough and have just the right properties to permeate skin cells in your foot enter your bloodstream and reach your mouth but you are even holier than that every second day and night about 60 billion neutrinos from the Sun pass through just your thumbnail so clearly at small enough scales how many holes does a human have becomes a meaningless question ultimately the human body isn't a solid thing that can even have holes it's just a loose constellation of atoms and molecules but if we accept a minimum hole size the answer becomes pretty interesting and a good choice for this minimum is about twenty to sixty millionths of a meter about the width of a human hair a magic spaceship 60 microns wide could fly into your pores like they were giant holes like craters but it couldn't continue on through the vasculature at the other end or diffuse through cells or slip between molecules and that is significant it highlights the fact that not all holes are equal a 60 micron wide ship or string could be threaded into your mouth and come out somewhere else but it couldn't do that by entering a pore or hair follicle this makes the GI tract what engineers call a through-hole where as pores urethras nipples ears hair follicles birth canals and the sinuses are blind holes they can be entered but eventually dead end usually at narrow capillaries permeable only by things smaller than a single blood cell and the determination to not be stopped the eyeball can be squeezed under but you'll eventually be stopped by the conjunctiva the sinuses are nice big rooms and our skulls but the only way out is the same Ostia you came in through as for the ear well the ear is a blast to go inside but if you're 60 microns wide the airtight eardrum will block further passage it's a blind hole now altogether counting all of your pores and hair follicles you've got millions of blind holes all over your body but are they actually holes that's a real humdinger because you know what a hole is what what a hole really is it's a word a colloquial fuzzy imprecise lexeme that refers to a host of disparate utterly unreconciled things that eludes a single precise mathematical definition in fact holes might not even exist I mean think about it if I eat a whole doughnut have I eaten the whole like is the hole inside me or could I eat a doughnut without eating its hole could I go to a store and buy Swiss cheese but leave the holes at the store clearly holes are at best ontologically parasitic their existence depends upon the existence of something else that they can inhabit or be a disturbance in of course the philosophy of holes rarely matters in your day-to-day life you can call something a hole and context will do its work and people will know what you're talking about but take a look at this does this have a hole in it well yeah right obviously right here there's a hole I can put my hand in it it can store things it's got a hole but now imagine that I could mold it like it was made out of clay and I molded it down into the shape of a drinking glass you could see how that could happen right well does a drinking glass have a hole in it if this does then this should - right I mean I didn't pinch the hole shut or glue anything together all right sure fine I mean I can accept that a drinking glass technically has a hole in it but now imagine that I took this glass and I molded it out and I widened its opening until I had a shape like this a bowl now does a bowl have a hole in it now we're really stretching the use of the word hole I mean if someone said their ball had a hole in it I would think that it had a hole somewhere else and it was leaking but sure let's call this a hole it's not a very prototypical one but I think you see where I'm going with this if I didn't molded the bowl and flattened its sides all the way out until I had a plate a shape like this well does a plate have a hole in it not really so if a plate doesn't have a hole in it but this shape did and I continuously molded from here to the glass to the bowl to the plate and I never glued anything shut where'd the hole go clearly blind holes are pretty unique they can be removed without closing or pinching anything shut compare that to the through hole of a doughnut there is no way to remove a Donuts through hole or add a new through hole without gluing stuff together squishing things together that used to not be together or ripping pieces apart poking a hole through and breaking it that is extremely significant but let's go back to the body before we get ahead of ourselves the mouth is an entrance to both blind and through holes a 60 micron wide traveler could enter it meander down the esophagus and keep going until they were well dumped out but turn down the trachea and they would dead end in the lungs now the area of the throat behind the mouth is called the pharynx it's a pretty chill place except not really it's actually quite warm it plays a role in warming and moistening and filtering the air that we breathe before it enters the lungs including the air we inhale through our nostrils now each nostril leads into a separate nasal vestibule that's the tunnel that you can explore when you pick your nose eventually those tunnels meet and sniffed air enters the nasal cavity a hollow air filled room in your face protruding from the walls of the nasal cavity are mucusy fins called the nasal Concha or turbinates that warm and moist in the air that passes around them from there the air flows via the pharynx down the trachea so your nostrils and your mouth are connected a string could go into your mouth or nose and come out your butt the nasal cavity is quite the hub I mean your ear holes would almost lead into it but the eardrum blocks the way if it didn't there would be clear passage from the outside into the middle ear and then down the eustachian tube into the nasal cavity via an opening about here the eustachian tube controls air pressure in the middle ear behind the eardrum and is normally collapsed shut but if the outside pressure is dramatically different than the air pressure in the middle ear swallowing and yawning can get it open equalizing the pressure that's what happens when you pop your ears it's cool but it's not a through-hole and that's what we're looking for and as it turns out there are four more four more orifices that lead from the outside into this place your nasal cavity and they are the lacrimal punctum there is one near each of your eyelids they're tiny openings about a third of a millimeter wide into which tears the fluid constantly moistening and protecting your eyeball drain once inside the lacrimal punctum ASA lacrimal ducts tear ducts into your nasal cavity which is why when you're making a lot of tear fluid and have to blow your nose that's not snot that's mainly tears the point is a 60 micron wide string could be pushed into any of your four lacrimal punctum threaded through your tear ducts into your nasal cavity into the pharynx and then pushed all the way out your butt pretty cool that gives us eight external openings that don't dead-end but how many through holes is that I mean how many holes does a straw have this clearly has two holes but how many does this have is it one hole that Forks is it two that combined gosh maybe it's three well what about this how many holes does this thing have or this topology can help us answer every single one of those questions here I have two essentially identical pieces of material [Music] now they are no longer identical or are they geometrically sure their shapes are now different but what didn't change about them well that is what topology studies topology is concerned with the properties that persist so long as something isn't ripped apart the famous joke that a topologist doesn't know the difference between a doughnut and a coffee cup is based on the fact that a coffee cup can be gently continuously molded into a doughnut by simply stretching and squashing no cutting gluing ripping or sewing required topologists call these gentle continuous transformations homeomorphisms and the cutting and ripping and gluing that they disallow are exactly the kinds of actions required to make new holes or remove old ones so since a coffee cup and a doughnut are homeomorphic they must have the same number of through holes and they do one we can now more precisely describe the difference we saw earlier between blind holes and through holes and understand why we are separately counting them now blind holes can be erased through a homeomorphism as such topologists don't even really consider them they're just geometric disturbances topological holes on the other hand cannot be massage it away and unlike a blind hole where what qualifies and what doesn't is a matter of opinion the number of through holes a surface like your body and three dimensions has can be clearly defined if we are having a hard time counting through holes all we need to do is find something with an easy to count arrangement of through holes that it is homeomorphic with but first let's play around with some topological puzzles here is a to hold donut with an infinitely long unbreakable unmovable rod through one of its holes without cutting or separating any part of the shape can you figure out how to manipulate it such that the rod goes through both holes pause the video if you want to think about it remember this shape it looks like it might have three holes right it's got a hole there a second hole there and a third hole here but if I flatten it you can see that it only has two holes it has one there and one there if the rod is threaded through the shape such that one wire is in front and I choose one of the other wires to be the middle of the doughnut for example this one then the rod passes through just one of the two holes but if I choose the wire in the front to be the middle of the donut well then the rod is seen to be passing through two holes likewise if you continuously deform our original to hold donut into the three tube thing and pick this tube to be the new middle tada the rod is now going through two holes no cutting or gluing required one more puzzle without cutting or breaking can you unlock this shapes intertwined loops well pause if you want to figure it out yourself here's a solution simply inflate the bulb of the shape until you can skate a leg of each loop around until they're untangled and tada freedom alright let's define homeomorphism a little better we said it was a rubber sheet or clay like molding procedure with no cutting or breaking or gluing and that's a good introduction but honestly you can cut all you want during a homeomorphism so long as you glue everything back together the way it was in the end more precisely a homeomorphism is a bijective and by continuous function it's a function because it is a list of ordered pairs where each point starts is paired with where it goes requiring that it be a by jek ssin means that it must be a special kind of function where there is a one-to-one correspondence between points in one object and in the other no two points can map to the same location and no point can get magically turned into multiple new points basically material cannot be added or subtracted by continuous means that any cuts made must be later mended perfectly with points going back amongst the same neighboring points they had before in a homeomorphism if parts are scooched over everything else must flow with the scootch as if all the points are kind of sticky there is no smooth sliding along abrupt fissures the precise test for whether a function is by continuous is pretty cool now first I consider a point in one arrangement now where the function takes that point is its image okay now I choose some neighborhood around the image with a radius larger than zero and I consider all of the points within it if the function is continuous in this direction I should be able to find a neighborhood around the preimage the input point that only contains points that map inside the images neighborhood in this case I can but in this case we've got an original point and where it went but given a neighborhood around where it went every neighborhood around the original no matter how small will always contain some stuff that didn't make it over which means points got separated but not put back so the function is not continuous by continuity means that a function must be continuous in both directions okay now that we can homey amorphous let's start using it to count holes remember this shape it wasn't immediately obvious earlier how to count its holes but it is easy if we can use a homeomorphism to turn it into something with an easy to count number of holes which we can both of these shapes are homeomorphic they both have two holes to see why simply drag in mold and flow the opening of one of these shapes holes into the tunnel of the other and there we go since we didn't cut or glue the number of holes hasn't changed so this thing just like this thing always had two holes okay what about a straw well short informally it can often make sense depending on the context to differentiate between two openings in a straw the one you put in your drink and the one you put in your mouth but that does not mean it has two holes it only has one a straw is homeomorphic to a torus both openings are part of the same single hole but this process is a homeomorphism and thus does not create any new holes you can also see that openings aren't holes by stretching one of the straws openings until it becomes the outer part of a doughnut there really was only ever just one hole but enough about straws let's get back to the body we found eight external openings orifices interconnected by tunnels but openings aren't holes they're parts of holes and we can count those holes as it turns out at a scale of 60 microns the human body has seven through holes the human body is not a doughnut it is a seven hold doughnut this shape can be molded and stretched into you first we choose a hole to be the GI tract the mouth anus tunnel now into this we roll half of the other orifices okay now we've got something that looks pretty dang human seven holes with eight external orifices that meet in a common space the nasal cavity if we squish all the matter in towards the tunnels will notice that our seven hold torus is topologically equivalent to four pairs of pants sewn together at the waists your body isn't a doughnut it's a bodysuit for a spider okay now to finish let's make two of the legs the nostrils and four of them the tear ducts one the mouth and inflate the material into the form of a head now let's inflate the boundary of the final tube into the shape of a body with its opening in the rear and we've done it [Music] the human body is a seven hold doughnut or is it for every piercing you have that's one more hole in your body well two more if the piercing goes through a through hole like I don't know if you had a thin piercing into your face that went through a tear duct and came back out or if something like a bullet pierced into your chest through your esophagus and came out the other side that would mathematically count as two new holes and there's more some people have supernumerary lacrimal punctum on their eyes each additional punctum they have over four total adds an additional hole to the standard seven and remember the sinuses and the Ostia connecting them into the nasal cavity well they're just blind holes depressions but as many as half of us may have at least one accessory ostium an extra hole connecting a sinus to the nasal cavity well now we're talking about a through hole you can enter one opening and exit via another now these may not be external orifices but for every accessory Ostia you have that's another topological hole you need to add to your bodies total the thing is though most of us have no idea how many accessory Ostia we have unless you've had serious sinus problems or have had extensive scans of your nasal region that have been studied from multiple angles so to answer this videos question the human body has millions of blind holes like at least five million and at Birth seven through holes it would be better if there was a clear answer that applied to all of us for our entire lives or if finding out how many you had right now was easier but you'll have to speelunk in your sinuses to know for sure and that's beautiful isn't it we can rigorously define the properties of holes in all sorts of dimensions and we can study that temperatures at the bottom of craters on Pluto but few of us will ever truly know the whole truth of our own bodies
By Riya singh10 months ago in Humans
