Who will comment on the merits and demerits of the ages-- talking about volcanic ash

Three Dreams of ambition in one's Life

The wind from the east is light.

The fineness, subtlety, lightness of dust

It is difficult for human beings to feel its existence.

Once a disaster is gathered, such as a sleeping lion wakes up.

It gets angry and growls.

Once overturned the bustling capital.

The lights go out and the wind returns to dust.

The light of civilization disappeared in the night.

When science uncovers the story of thousands of years buried in a thousand layers of earth

We wandered around Mount Vesuvius in Italy.

While appreciating the bright light of civilization in the world

Also appreciate the barbarism and madness of dust during volcanic eruptions.

Natural disaster, natural disaster, natural disaster

It's like "disaster falls from heaven."

But most disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, torrential rains

Like collapses, landslides and landslides

It's from the ground.

Volcanic ash eruption

And the volcanic ash is hidden in the underground palace thousands of meters below.

Volcanic activity is a common movement of the earth.

It is often a spectacle rarely seen by human beings.

Liquid, gas and solid eruptions

When the volcano erupts, it becomes rock, moisture and magma.

Different sizes of volcanic bombs, blocks and ash

Angular, detritus, broken like injury.

Types and shapes of detritus in volcanic ash

An eruption of volcanic ash

Can reach a height of more than 20,000 meters

A steep increase in the height of more than one meter of soil

It can cover tens of thousands of kilometers.

Mount St. Helens erupted on May 18, 1980.

Volcanic ash erupts 20 to 27 kilometers above sea level

Mount St. Helens in the United States erupted on May 18, 1980 (pictured above). The explosion, with the energy equivalent of 27000 Hiroshima bombs, triggered the collapse of the northern hillside and reduced the altitude of Mount St. Helens by nearly 400m. The ash erupted for more than nine hours, reaching a height of 20 to 27 kilometers above sea level in 13 minutes, falling more than 600 kilometers (bottom).

Height and extent of volcanic ash eruptions from St. Helens in the United States

(a) the height of the ash eruption was less than 10 km at 08:38 and reached more than 20 km at 08:45; (b) the ash falling range was more than 600km, and the isoline was the ash accumulation thickness (cm).

A speck of dust is a speck of dust

The great underground pressure and

A huge eruption speed

Make one grain of volcanic dust after another.

Gather together

Spurting out to form the force of shaking the earth.

Destroy the city at once.

The mountains and rivers turn upside down in the wind and rain, and the houses collapse.

Tens of thousands of lives were lost in the disaster.

Mount Vesuvius in Italy and the ancient city of Pompeii 10 kilometers away

From Mount Argonne in Indonesia

To Mount Lamington in Papua New Guinea

The worst eruption of Mount Vesuvius in Italy

He wrote a tragic poem in which the day darkened in the history of civilization.

The model of human remains in the exhibition hall of the ancient city of Pompeii recreates the tragedy of being suffocated by volcanic ash.

Overnight

Volcanic ash buried the once prosperous ancient civilized city.

It also buries a bright chapter in the history of world civilization.

In a corner of the ancient city of Pompeii, pots are still filled with volcanic ash.

A dike of a thousand miles is destroyed in a hole.

Volcanic ash as fine as dust

It has also crashed the modern means of transportation.

In April 2010, Icelandic volcanic ash (the shaded area with arrowheads) spread across the European continent, resulting in the closure of several airports

All flights in Europe have been suspended under volcanic ash.

Even the British Boeing airliner had broken wings and could not fly.

In 2011, ash from Chile's Puyewe volcano (gray shaded area) spread in the southern hemisphere, affecting Argentina, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand

Volcanic ash can also impact climate and weather.

Formed aerosol

Reflect and absorb solar radiation

Reduces the total amount of sunlight on the ground

Causing a sharp drop in surface temperature.

In 1982, the eruption of Mount Elchijun in Mexico reduced the amount of sunlight reaching the ground by 10% to 35%, causing the global average temperature to drop by 0.2 ℃. The Naki volcano in Iceland erupted in 1783, and a cloud of ash and fluorine gas hung over Iceland and northern Europe for several months. as a result, the winter climate in Europe from 1783 to 1784 was unusually cold, resulting in the death of more than 200,000 herbivores and about 10,000 people in Iceland died of cold and hunger. In 1815, Indonesia's Tambora volcano spewed volcanic ash with a total volume of 150 cubic kilometers and a height of 44 kilometers. affected by a large number of volcanic ash clouds, the global temperature dropped by 0.4 ℃ to 0.7 ℃ in the second year, making it the coldest year in the northern hemisphere. known as the "year without summer", there is no grain harvest in many areas. China also has a historical record of "the weather is suddenly as cold as winter" (August of the lunar calendar 1816).

Volcanic ash disaster is the public enemy of mankind.

Explore the law and strengthen the prevention

Establish a worldwide firewall for volcanic ash disasters.

Although there is a long way to go

But we are on our way to disaster prevention and relief.

Volcanic activity is usually accompanied by seismic activity. For example, Mount St. Helens in the United States was accompanied by an earthquake measuring 5.1 on the Richter scale when it erupted on May 18, 1980. Before that, there had been several minor earthquakes since March 15, and the number of earthquakes had increased to eight a day in the week before May 18. Therefore, monitoring the intensity and frequency of earthquakes in volcanic distribution areas is an effective method to predict volcanic activity.

Scientists funded by the European Science Foundation look for clues by testing the gas emitted by volcanoes, and preliminary research results show that changes in the ratio of carbon dioxide to sulfur dioxide may predict volcanic eruptions. by observing changes in gas emissions can also be used to predict volcanic eruptions.

Global volcano distribution map

There are more than 500 active volcanoes on the earth, which form four belts: circum-Pacific volcanic belt, mid-ocean ridge volcanic belt, East African rift volcanic belt and Alpine-Himalayan volcanic belt. These volcanic active zones are also seismically active zones. It is speculated that it is the tectonic activity of the plates that triggered volcanic activity and earthquakes.

Stone statues on Easter Island

Turn waste into treasure, seek advantages and avoid disadvantages

Man is discovering rich treasures in volcanic ash.

On the vast Easter Island of the South Pacific

More than 800 stone statues standing

Like the dike of a giant

It's called the most mysterious place in the world.

Immersed in sea water, experienced wind and waves

Tens of billions of dollars as a day

Brighter and brighter in the sharpening of the years

Not blessed by the gods.

There is no secret recipe for everything.

But the volcanic tuff in the statue.

To make the giant's embankment impregnable.

Volcanic ash also has excellent sebum absorption capacity.

Potassium, sodium, sulfur and various mineral components in volcanic mud

Can moisturize and calm down.

Processed beauty and skin care products have formed a natural world market.

Bumper grain harvest

Volcanic ash is rich in nutrients.

Let the fertile soil give birth to the dream of pastoralists.

The grain is abundant and the fruits are fragrant.

Sightseeing agriculture and animal husbandry gathers the vast hope of world agriculture.

A small town near the cliffs of Mount Brahma, India

Endless volcanic ash

Just for those who set their minds to it.

Accept gifts from nature

Turn "natural disaster" in