There are all kinds of strange stars in the universe, one is bigger than the other, is there an upper limit?

There are all kinds of strange stars in the universe, one is bigger than the other, is there an upper limit?

Leibniz, who created calculus independently of Newton, once said: "You can't find two identical leaves on the earth." From one aspect, it can be understood that Leibniz recognized the diversity of the world sex. Not only the creatures on earth have this characteristic, but when looking at the solar system, the Milky Way, and the universe, there are always subtle differences when looking at the solar system, the Milky Way, and the universe.

From the perspective of the planets in the solar system, the quality, magnetic field, orbit, rotation inclination, speed, atmosphere, natural environment, etc. are different, and even the appearance, color, and sound can distinguish them. If it is said that the universe was really created by God according to the laws of mathematics, how many permutations and combinations did the old man use?

The universe is vast. It is estimated that there are 400 billion stars in the Milky Way, and there are at least 2 trillion galaxies in the observable universe. The universe, like the cells in our body, is also metabolizing. The complexity and variety of stars in every corner It has surpassed human imagination. Below we will only search for some representative star systems that astronomers have observed.

According to the mainstream view, the universe was born 13.8 billion years ago, and the sun was born 5 billion years ago. The elements behind iron came from the supernova explosions of massive stars, so the material enough to form the solar system must also come from stars that died 5 billion years ago. , then the stars seen in the sky may be the first generation, the second generation, and the third generation.

The mass of the first generation of stars in the universe is generally large, and there may be no planets around, because the heavy elements have not yet formed, and the second and third generation of stars may be formed around them.

oldest star

Larger stars have shorter lifespans, and smaller stars have longer lifespans. This is related to the convection inside stars. Low-mass stars have extremely high fuel utilization rates, so their lifespans are extremely long! Many of the first generation of massive stars collapsed directly into neutron stars or black holes. At present, the oldest star SM0313, with an age of 13.6 billion years, is simply a "living fossil" in the star.

most massive star

Astronomers divide the stars in the sky into several grades according to their brightness. We are not professionals, so we don’t need to study this in depth. But as a modern person, in a networked society with open information and knowledge, we must understand the frontier exploration of human beings in all aspects, because everyone is the inheritor of the earth's civilization, not just...

From the side of color, the characteristics of stars can also be reflected. Blue, blue-white, and white are all massive stars, and their surface temperature and brightness are relatively high.

The most massive star, R136a1, is also the brightest. It is located in the Tarantula Nebula of the Large Magellanic, with a diameter of 35 times the sun and a mass of 256 times. Its surface is blue and its temperature exceeds 50,000 degrees. The energy released in 5 seconds is equivalent to the sum of the energy released by the sun in a year.

The discovery of R136a1 has allowed scientists to raise the Eddington limit to 300 times the mass of the sun, which was previously thought to be unstable beyond 150 times the mass of the sun. Personally, I think that the stability of things in the universe is a concept of time, and a moment may also be eternity. Time is just a relative concept, or it may not really exist.

Sirius is the brightest star seen by the naked eye. Like Cowherd and Vega, it is a white star with a surface temperature of about 7700-11500 degrees. The sun is a yellow star with a surface temperature of around 5000-6000 degrees.

When it comes to the brightness of stars, sci-fi fans always think that there is a loophole in this measurement method. What if it is covered by a Dyson sphere by a higher civilization? Ha ha!

largest star

The sun can hold 1.3 million Earths, while the "Stevenson 2-18" can hold 10 billion suns. The diameter of "Stevenson 2-18" is about 2158 times the diameter of the sun, and there are also "VY Canis Major", "MY Cepheus", "WY Sailing" and so on close to it. The "Voyager 1" probe has a flying speed of 61,452 kilometers per hour, and it takes more than ten years to run around these big guys. In theory, there should also be stars larger than this, and their existence may be shorter.

UY Scuti was once considered to be the largest star, but now many have surpassed it. "Stevenson 2-18" is 6 times larger than it.

Don't look at these big guys are very scary, that is they are in the "near dusk" red giant stage, not too far from the supernova explosion. I have never understood that there was a Korean group that took this name before. Is the brokerage company afraid of being popular for too long?

fastest moving star

SDSS J090745.0+24507 can reach a speed of 670km/s, which is the fastest moving star. The speed of the sun in the Milky Way is 240km/s. It's leaving the Milky Way and becoming a "wandering star."

closest star to the sun

The mass of red dwarfs is between 8 and 50% of the sun, and is greater than 105 Jupiter masses. The temperature and pressure inside them are just enough to initiate hydrogen nuclear fusion, and their surface is only 2500-5000 degrees. 80% of the stars in the Milky Way belong to red dwarf stars, and the nearest star to the solar system is a red dwarf star.

As I wrote in the previous article, Voyager 1 is the furthest probe that humans have flown, and it will take more than 70,000 years to fly to the nearest star, Proxima Centauri.

The coldest 'star'

The main components of brown dwarfs are also hydrogen and helium. Some scientists believe that if the mass of Jupiter is less than 80, it can also produce deuterium fusion with a mass higher than 13 times and become a brown dwarf. However, the nuclear fusion of deuterium, which emits very little heat, will last no more than 100 million years in total.

Brown dwarfs are called "failed stars", and Jupiter can only be regarded as a failed brown dwarf. WISE0855-0714, 40 light-years from the sun, has a surface temperature below zero, and many people call it the coldest "star".

Have something to say? If I can't say it, I have to say: "The upper and lower limits of various physical quantities may only limit human beings."

The sun is an absolute heavyweight in the solar system. Its mass accounts for 99.8% of the solar system. In fact, such single star systems in the universe are only a minority, and multi-star systems account for the majority.

Sirius is a binary star system

The discovery of gravitational waves indicates that black holes will merge, and binary star systems that are too close should also merge. Is this the reason for the uniquely shaped Thorne-Zytkow stellar object?

The nearest centaur to us is a triple star system, which can be regarded as a "three-body", but the "three-body" in the novel should come from a farther place. However, the destination of humans in "The Wandering Earth" is Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to us.

So far, astronomers have discovered seven star systems, such as Key Close in the constellation Scorpio; and XIV in Cassiopeia.

In which universe are there more than seven star systems? You can go and interrogate this man Houyi!