How do black holes eat stars? Scientists show the whole process of phagocytosis time and time again

Black holes are the most mysterious celestial bodies in the universe. Scientists have been trying to solve the mystery of black holes since the last century. Due to the strong gravity of black holes, even light cannot escape, so people cannot directly observe the true situation of black holes. The glowing material accretion disk around the black hole is used to observe the black hole. Usually, the accretion disk around the black hole is composed of torn stellar debris. However, the process of the black hole swallowing the star has always been only in the theoretical stage.

Particle Accelerator Laboratory in Hamburg, Germany

Scientists in 2018 showed the picture of how a black hole devours stars, allowing people to see the complete process of a star being torn into pieces by a black hole and gradually devoured.

In the black hole simulation experiment, scientists found that stars are pulled into noodles by the black hole's gravity in a very short time, and the slender stellar material flow extends over a large area, and only a small amount of stellar material will be swallowed by the black hole. Scientists also found that black holes are still very picky about the small amount of matter they swallow. Only about 1% of the stellar matter will actually be swallowed, and most of the matter will be ejected from the poles by the black hole, thus forming the "matter that often appears on black holes." blowout" phenomenon.

This phenomenon can explain the huge "bubble" structure found in the center of the Milky Way in recent years. Scientists speculate that this huge bubble structure should be related to the activity of black holes. Usually, there are super black holes in the center of most galaxies, and the center of the Milky Way has super black holes.

Sagittarius A*

It is a super black hole with a diameter of 44 million kilometers. This galaxy-level black hole also gathers a large number of stars around it, and the stellar material that cannot be swallowed is sprayed to both ends of the Milky Way by Sagittarius A*. Rice bubble structure.

Although black holes are considered by the scientific community to be the graves of stars, only a very small number of stars in the universe will be swallowed by black holes. Black holes play a very important role in galaxies. It is generally believed that the structure of galaxies is formed under the influence of black holes, although galaxies are formed under the influence of black holes. In the process of formation, many stars will be swallowed by black holes. In a galaxy of the size of the Milky Way, there are at least 250 billion stars. The stars that will be swallowed by black holes and disappear can be ignored, but the entire galaxy is under the gravity of black holes. It was formed by gathering hundreds of millions of stars.

From this simulation experiment, it was also found that black holes are not as greedy as imagined, but tore stars into pieces of matter and then re-eject them into the universe. It is still unclear whether black holes devour certain materials in a targeted manner or randomly Yes, most of the stellar matter is ejected, and these matter will become part of new stars in the form of nebulae in the future. The gravity of black holes can also promote the exchange of matter in galaxies. This new discovery refreshes people's understanding of black holes.

This experiment shows that super black holes play a very important role in the evolution of the entire galaxy. Of course, it is indeed a disaster for the stars that are torn into material streams by the black holes. If the black hole cannot swallow the surrounding material, then the black hole will also It will gradually evaporate itself and slowly disappear, which is why the mass of the black hole at the center of the galaxy will become larger and larger, and the small black hole wandering around in the universe will die out.

Scientists summarize this experiment showing black holes swallowing stars: At no time, don't get too close to black holes!

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