Interpretation of the long-term Strategy of Climate change in the United States, Mexico, Germany and Canada
The 22nd meeting of the Conference of the parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change (UNFCCC) (COP22) concluded in Marrakech, Morocco, on November 19, 2016. This is the first Conference of the parties to Climate change since the entry into force of the Paris Agreement. The meeting adopted the decisions of the first Conference of the parties to the Paris Agreement and the 22nd Conference of the parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change, and adopted the Marrakech Declaration of Action (Marrakech Action Proclamation). The release of the Marrakech Declaration of Action marks a new era for the implementation of climate change action around the world.
At the Marrakech climate conference, the United States, Mexico, Germany and Canada were the first countries to submit climate change development strategies to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change. This paper collates the main points of the long-term climate change strategy issued by the United States, Mexico, Germany and Canada for reference.
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Deep decarbonization Strategy of the United States in 2050
On November 16, 2016, the United States submitted its Deep decarbonization Strategy for the Mid-21st Century, promising to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 17% by 2020 compared with 2005, and by 80% by 2050 compared with 2005. The strategy discusses in detail the paths and measures for the United States to achieve the 2050 emission reduction targets, and proposes that action needs to be taken in the following three main areas to achieve net greenhouse gas emissions reduction in the entire economic system:
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Shift to a low-carbon energy system
Actions include: 1 double investment in clean energy innovation to develop new solutions for energy use in the mid-21st century. 2 expand national and local policies and industry emission regulations to continue to promote clean technology deployment and gradually shift to carbon pricing in the economic system over time. Implement complementary policies to overcome barriers to cost-effective energy efficiency and the deployment of clean energy technologies. (4) modernize the electricity regulatory structure and market to encourage flexible, reliable and cost-effective clean power generation. Expand target support, including economic and labor development, to ensure that the American people benefit from the transformation of low-carbon energy.
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Enhanced carbon sequestration and carbon dioxide removal in forests and soils
Actions include: (1) to implement lasting private land carbon incentives to enhance forest carbon activities and soil carbon sequestration, supported by carbon budget agreements and related policy frameworks. (2) rapidly expand the area of forest restoration on federal land. (3) to reduce land use competition and land use change through relevant research and policies, so as to improve land productivity and promote the development of intelligent cities. 4 support data collection and research for future policy reference, including mapping mitigation "hot spot" (hot spot), quantifying soil carbon potential, and improving the greenhouse gas inventory capacity of the United States. 5 support the development and deployment of carbon dioxide removal technologies, including bioenergy and carbon capture and storage (BECCS) demonstration and early commercial deployment.
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Reduce non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gas emissions
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Mexico's Climate change Strategy for 2050
On 16 November 2016, Mexico submitted its medium-term Climate change Strategy for the 21st Century, committing itself to a 22 per cent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. This is the first developing country to issue a national climate action plan after 2020. The strategy sets out a vision of society and population, ecosystems, energy, emissions, production systems, private sector and mobility for the next 10, 20 and 40 years, as well as climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies, key integrated cross-cutting issues of long-term climate policy have been identified. The main contents of the report are as follows:
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Comprehensive cross policy
Action is needed in the following areas: (1) designing market-based economic and financial instruments; (2) providing a platform for the research, innovation, development and adoption of climate technologies; (3) promoting the development of climate culture; (4) implementing measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) and monitoring and evaluation (mise) mechanisms; and (5) strengthening strategic cooperation and international leadership.
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Climate change mitigation strategy
Action is needed in five important areas: (1) accelerating the transformation of clean energy; (2) energy efficiency and sustainable consumption; (3) sustainable cities including waste management and low-carbon buildings; (4) sustainable agriculture and forestry to increase and protect natural carbon sinks; and (5) reduction of short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs).
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Climate change adaptation strategy
Action is needed in three important areas: (1) reducing social vulnerability and increasing adaptation to the impacts of climate change; (2) improving the resilience of infrastructure and production systems; and (3) conservation and sustainable use of natural resources, to maintain ecosystem services and natural management.
In order to help Mexico achieve its emission reduction targets, the World Resources Institute (WRI) released "achieving Mexico's Climate goals: an eight-point Action Plan", proposing eight major actions that Mexico needs to take: 1 to improve fuel efficiency and switch to clean fuels in industrial activities. (2) reduce non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gas emissions. (3) introduce carbon pricing and gradually eliminate fossil fuel subsidies. (4) improve the capacity and efficiency of the power grid. (5) promote the synergistic effect between mitigation and adaptation. 6 transition to clean, well-designed transport options. (7) improve the energy efficiency of commercial and residential buildings. 8 formulate a comprehensive and long-term strategy to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions.
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German Climate Action Plan 2050
On November 17, 2016, the German government submitted the German Climate Action Plan 2050, reiterating the target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 80% to 95% by 2050 compared with 1990, and setting policy targets and plans for climate action. The action plan sets out overall objectives and initiatives in the areas of energy, construction, transport, industry, agriculture and forestry, some of which include:
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energy
Based on the Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy, the German Government will set up special committees to achieve economic growth, structural change and regional development. The committee will work with other government departments, influential enterprises, trade union branches and regional stakeholders.
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Architecture
Build a roadmap for climate-neutral buildings, including the gradual development of energy-saving standards for the renovation of new and old buildings, and fund-raising for heating systems based on renewable energy.
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Traffic
The transport strategy will address emissions from automobiles, light and heavy commercial vehicles, as well as issues related to energy supply and infrastructure without greenhouse gas emissions.
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Industry
Through cooperation with industry, the German government will launch a research and development program aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions from industrial processes, taking into account industrial carbon dioxide recovery (carbon capture and utilization).
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Agriculture
The German government will work with the federal states to promote the use of agricultural fertilizers with strict standards, in particular compliance with the Chemical Fertilizer regulations (Fertilisers Ordinance) and regulations relating to the treatment of nutrients in agricultural production, to ensure that the target value of 70 kg nitrogen per hectare is achieved during the implementation of the German National Sustainable Development Strategy (German National Sustainable Development Strategy) (2028m / ha).
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Forestry
The focus of land use and forestry is to protect and improve carbon sequestration through forest carbon sequestration. The German government will strive to expand the forest area of Germany, improve the agricultural structure and carry out coastal protection.
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Canada's greenhouse Gas Emission reduction Strategy in 2050
On November 17, 2016, Canada submitted Canada's Development Strategy for low greenho
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