Fun Spacey Facts
A glossary of terms for space
Black Holes are a phenomena in outer space that are very interesting. They’re extremely dense, with strong gravitational attraction, even light cannot escape. Albert Einstein first predicted black holes in 1916 as part of his theory of relativity. IN 1967 the phrase black hole was coined by American astronomer John Wheeler. The first physical black hole was found in 1971. Then in 2019 the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration released the first image ever recorded of a black hole. The EHT saw the black hole in the center of galaxy M87 as the telescope was viewing the event horizon, or the area past which nothing can escape from a black hole.
Stars are very large luminous spheres of plasma. They were vital to ancient navigation and play a role in how people perceived life when studied. In the 19th century, photography and spectroscopy, the study of the wavelengths of light that objects emit, made it possible investigate the compositions and motions of stars. Microwave emissions were first studied from space in 1992, with NASA’s Cosmic Microwave Background Explorer (COBE) satellite, and gave a more detailed view of stars. Ancient cultures saw patterns in the heavens that resembled people, animals or common objects, constellations. They came to represent our mythology we know today. A star develops from a giant rotating cloud that is composed of local to space elements. Its gravitational pull makes it collapse inward and makes the rotation faster. The material grows hotter and denser forming a ball shaped protostar. At 1.8 million Fahrenheit or 1 million Celsius, it ignites.
The asteroid belt surrounds the inner solar system in a rocky ring shape, from Mars to Jupiter the ring extends. In the voids in the asteroid belt for example where Jupiter is, the asteroids fall into what is called the Kirkwood Gap and are directed to the inner planets such as Earth. According to the report in Nature Today by the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory in Arizona; the distribution of the asteroids are due to the migration of Jupiter and Saturn about four billion years ago. Most of the asteroids in the main belt are made of rock and stone, a small portion of the contain iron and nickel metals and carbon rich materials and ice.
Quasar, an astronomical object of very high luminosity found in the centers of some galaxies and powered by gas spiraling at high velocity into an extremely large black hole. The tern quasar derives from how these object were discovered in radio surveys of the 1950’s. Away from the plane of the Milky Way Galaxy (our home galaxy) most radio sources were identified with normal looking galaxies. Some radio sources, coincided with objects that appeared to be unusually blue stars. For the reason of their star like appearance, they were named quasi-stellar radio sources and by 1964 shortened to quasar.
Goldielocks zones refer to the areas in which researchers expect to find life or has a potential for life. The temperature is key, the zone must be able to support water. Earth resides in a Goldielocks Zone. Researchers found that habitable planets can exist in orbits closer to their parent stars than previously believed because the solar energy required to start a runaway greenhouse effect is higher than was thought. Too close to a star the runaway greenhouse effect would happen making it difficult for life to form; oceans would evaporate and trap the heat on planet (much like Venus’s atmosphere).
Tiangong is a space station that the Chinese Manned Space Agency (CMSA) is bulking in low Earth orbit. In May 2021, China launched Tianhe, the first of the orbiting space station’s three modules, and the country aims to finish building the station by the end of 2022. CMSA hopes to keep Tiangong inhabited continuously by three astronauts for a least a decade. The space station will host many experiments from both China and other countries. Tiangong which means “Heavenly Palace” will consist of Tianhe, the main habitat for astronauts, and two modules dedicated to hosting experiments, Mengtian and Wentian, both of which are due to launch in 2022. Shenzhou spacecraft, launching from Jiuquan in the Gobi Desert, will send crews of three astronauts to the space station.
The International Space Station (ISS) is a multi-nation construction project that was completed between 1998 and 2011. It has been occupied by astronauts since November 2, 2000. As of 2018, 230 people from 18 different countries have been it the station. Time for experiments is dictated by the contribution of each country to the space station. The International space station flies at an average altitude of 248 miles (400 kilometers). It circles Earth about every 90 minutes at 28,000 kilometers per hour. As of 2009 the station can support up to six astronauts for experiments.
Space X is an American aerospace manufacturer, space transportation services and communications company headquartered in Hawthorne, California. It was founded in 2002 by Elon Musk to reduce space transportation costs to enable the colonization of Mars. This company manufactures the Falcon 9, and Falcon Heavy vehicles, rocket engines, Dragon cargo, crews and Starlink communications satellites. Space X has over 9500 employees and in 2018 a revenue of 2 billion US. The company’s achievements include a privately funded liquid propellant rocket, launch and recovery of a spacecraft. Space X also sent a spacecraft to the International Space Station and the first vertical takeoff and vertical propulsive landing for and orbital rocket.
NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for civilian space program and space research. NASA has sent many astronauts up to space in order to learn more about our space environment. As of May 2020 NASA has 48 active astronauts consisting of 16 women and 32 men. On July 29, 1958, Eisenhower signed the National Aeronautics and Space Act establishing NASA. Current missions include October 2021: Bepi-Colombo –ESA mission makes its first Mercury flyby; October 2021, Lucy, launch of NASA flyby mission to multiple Trojan asteroids; 2021 Fall, Capstone, NASA lunar halo orbiter. Follow the missions, it’s a great way to get to know the space community.
About the Creator
Lady Sherry-Anne Dow Podolchuk
Grew up in Canada with a very loving family and studied in business and science and I have always loved writing. I hope you enjoy my stories.
Keep reading
More stories from Lady Sherry-Anne Dow Podolchuk and writers in Earth and other communities.
Chinese Paper Product Tariffs
What is a tariff? How does China affect the global paper industry? Here is a summary. First a look at the historical origin and significance of tariffs. Premodern Europe used tangible assets like gold, silver land and other valued items. There was either a net loss or gain importing more than exporting decreased their wealth. The system is called mercantilism. The colonizing country obtained goods from their colonies, manufactured them and sold the materials back to the colonies. Tariffs were used to encourage buying from the owning country. In a modern description a tariff is a financial incentive to purchase domestic via a dollar amount charged to buy from foreign countries. The foreign countries overall price is increased bringing the issues of sales frequency when price point is considered. Revenues are increased as tariffs rise in value. For the reason that a country’s budget or income is affected the issues of tariffs are reported on the newscasts to the audience which includes the consumer who is either paying more or less relating to tariff prices. The market size for paper and pulp industry is 351.53 billion USD; a total of 417.3 mt is produced worldwide. In 2020 China produced 117 million metric tonnes of paper product; twice that of the USA in same year. In 2021 China consumed 132,696,000 metric tonnes of paper product. The Asian markets together produce 49.5% of the world supply of paper products.
By Lady Sherry-Anne Dow Podolchuk3 years ago in Earth
Britain’s PM Calls Trump on Greenland: Defending Sovereignty in a Shifting Arctic
When you think of New Year’s conversations between world leaders, Greenland probably isn’t the first thing that comes to mind. Yet on January 7, 2026, British Prime Minister Keir Starmer and former U.S. President Donald Trump discussed the icy island over a phone call — and it made headlines worldwide. Why? Because Greenland, a massive, ice-covered territory in the Arctic, is suddenly at the center of global geopolitics, and Britain is making sure its voice is heard. Greenland Isn’t Just Ice At first glance, Greenland seems remote and quiet — a land of snow, glaciers, and polar bears. But this island is strategically critical. It sits between North America and Europe, holds valuable natural resources, and commands control over emerging Arctic shipping routes as ice melts due to climate change. In recent years, Greenland has captured the attention of global powers, especially the United States. Trump has repeatedly suggested that the island is crucial to U.S. national security and even hinted at the possibility of acquiring it. These ideas, though unlikely, raised eyebrows in Europe and among NATO allies. For Denmark, Greenland’s governing country, and its residents, this rhetoric was a reminder that sovereignty matters — and outsiders shouldn’t dictate their future. Starmer’s Clear Message During the phone call, Starmer made Britain’s position unmistakable: Greenland’s future must be decided by its people and Denmark, not by external powers. This wasn’t just diplomacy for the sake of headlines. It’s about principles that Britain has long defended: respect for sovereignty, international law, and the rules-based global order. Starmer’s message sends a signal not only to Trump but also to other countries that might think about exerting undue influence over smaller, strategic territories. The call also touched on other global concerns, including NATO security matters, Arctic maritime operations, and broader geopolitical tensions. But it’s Greenland that grabbed the spotlight — because it’s a flashpoint for sovereignty, alliance dynamics, and Arctic strategy. Why the UK Cares You might wonder: why is Britain involved in a discussion about Greenland? After all, it’s part of Denmark. The answer lies in NATO and European security. Greenland is strategically vital for the alliance. Any unilateral action by the U.S. to control or influence Greenland could threaten NATO cohesion. Britain, as a leading NATO member, has a stake in ensuring that all alliance decisions respect sovereignty and the rules of international cooperation. In other words, Britain isn’t stepping into Greenland’s affairs to take control — it’s defending the principle that territorial decisions should belong to the rightful authorities, in this case, Denmark and Greenland’s residents. Alliances and Principles Starmer’s call also highlights a delicate balancing act. The UK maintains a close relationship with the U.S., but that doesn’t mean it agrees with every idea, especially when sovereignty is at stake. This is the reality of modern diplomacy: even trusted allies can have differences of opinion, and leaders must navigate these differences carefully. Starmer’s message to Trump reflects a wider approach — maintain strong alliances while standing firm on core values. Some politicians have acknowledged that disagreements are normal and even healthy in long-standing partnerships. The key is open communication and respect for international norms, which Starmer aimed to demonstrate during the call. Greenland as a Symbol Beyond geopolitics, Greenland has become a symbol of a new era in global relations. Arctic resources, strategic positions, and climate change are making previously quiet regions hotspots for diplomacy. Greenland reminds the world that territory, sovereignty, and self-determination are still central issues, even in the 21st century. For Britain, standing with Denmark and affirming Greenland’s autonomy sends a clear message: the UK supports international law and the idea that small regions should not be pawns in great-power games. What This Means Going Forward So what can we expect after this phone call? Greenland remains firmly under Danish control, with its future in the hands of its residents. NATO cohesion is reinforced, as European leaders see Britain advocating for rules-based governance. The Arctic region continues to be a strategic focal point, with countries carefully watching each other’s moves. In short, Starmer’s call is a reminder that even in a world of powerful nations, diplomacy, respect, and legal principles still matter. Takeaways Sovereignty Matters: Greenland’s future is a matter for its people, not outside powers. Allies Can Disagree: Britain’s defense of principles shows that disagreements with allies don’t have to break partnerships. Strategic Regions Are Hotspots: Arctic regions like Greenland are increasingly important in global security, economics, and diplomacy. Principles Over Power: Upholding international law is as critical as maintaining military or economic influence. Greenland may be far from the streets of London or Washington, but the stakes are high. Starmer’s phone call with Trump demonstrates that the UK is ready to defend sovereignty, international norms, and alliance cohesion, even when the conversation turns icy.
By Muhammad Hassan5 days ago in Earth
Fly-Arousing Orchid and Zombie Fungus Among 2025’s Most Astonishing Botanical and Fungal Finds
Nature never stops surprising us. In 2025, botanists and mycologists around the world unveiled a collection of discoveries so strange they sound almost fictional. From a fly-arousing orchid that mimics insects with unsettling precision to a “zombie” fungus capable of hijacking its host, these finds highlight how much of Earth’s biodiversity still remains hidden — and how creative evolution can be. These discoveries are not just curiosities for scientists. They offer deeper insight into pollination, survival strategies, ecosystem balance, and even potential medical breakthroughs. Together, they remind us that even in an age of satellites and AI, nature still holds countless secrets waiting to be uncovered. The Fly-Arousing Orchid: Seduction as a Survival Strategy Among the most talked-about discoveries of 2025 is a newly identified orchid species that has taken deceptive pollination to a whole new level. Found in a remote region with limited insect diversity, this orchid doesn’t attract pollinators with nectar or bright colors. Instead, it sexually deceives male flies. The flower closely resembles the shape, texture, and scent of a female fly, producing chemical signals that trigger mating behavior in unsuspecting males. Drawn in by false promises, the flies attempt to mate with the flower — a process known as pseudocopulation. During this encounter, pollen sticks to the insect’s body and is later transferred to another orchid, completing the plant’s reproductive cycle. While similar strategies have been observed in some orchid species before, researchers say this one is unusually sophisticated. Its scent profile is so precise that it targets only one specific fly species, making the relationship incredibly specialized — and fragile. Why This Orchid Matters Beyond its shock value, the fly-arousing orchid provides important lessons about coevolution. Over thousands of years, the orchid and its pollinator appear to have shaped each other’s survival strategies. This level of specialization demonstrates both the brilliance and vulnerability of nature. If the fly species declines due to climate change, habitat loss, or pollution, the orchid could face extinction. Scientists say this discovery underscores why biodiversity conservation must consider entire ecological relationships, not just individual species. The “Zombie” Fungus: When Nature Takes Control Equally unsettling — and fascinating — is the discovery of a new fungal species quickly nicknamed a “zombie fungus.” Found in tropical forest ecosystems, this fungus infects small insects and gradually alters their behavior to serve its own reproductive needs. Once inside the host, the fungus releases chemical signals that affect the insect’s nervous system. The infected insect abandons its normal behavior, climbing to an elevated position before dying. From there, the fungus grows outward, releasing spores that rain down on potential new hosts below. This mind-controlling behavior has drawn comparisons to well-known parasitic fungi, but researchers say the 2025 discovery displays previously undocumented precision in behavioral manipulation. Why Scientists Are Excited — Not Horrified While the term “zombie fungus” captures public attention, scientists are more interested in its biochemical mechanisms. Understanding how the fungus influences nervous systems could open doors to: New antibiotics or antifungal treatments Insights into neurological signaling Natural alternatives to chemical pesticides Fungi have already contributed to major medical advances, including penicillin. Discoveries like this reinforce the idea that nature’s strangest organisms may hold the most valuable solutions. Other Remarkable Botanical and Fungal Finds of 2025 The fly-arousing orchid and zombie fungus are only part of a much larger picture. In 2025, researchers also documented: Carnivorous Plants with Improved “Traps” New species of carnivorous plants were discovered using faster and more efficient trapping mechanisms, allowing them to survive in nutrient-poor soils. Glow-Enhancing Bioluminescent Fungi Scientists identified fungi with unusually bright natural bioluminescence, potentially useful for sustainable lighting research and environmental monitoring. Climate-Resilient Plants Several newly cataloged plant species showed remarkable resistance to drought and extreme temperatures, offering hope for future agricultural innovation. Each discovery adds a piece to the puzzle of how life adapts to changing environments. What These Discoveries Say About Our Planet One of the most striking takeaways from 2025’s discoveries is how much remains unexplored, especially in remote forests, underground ecosystems, and tropical regions. Scientists estimate that millions of fungal species alone have yet to be identified. These findings also highlight an uncomfortable truth: many species are being discovered at the same time they are being threatened. Habitat destruction, climate change, and pollution could wipe out organisms before we even understand their role in nature. The Role of Technology in Modern Discovery Advances in DNA sequencing, satellite mapping, and AI-assisted analysis played a major role in these discoveries. Scientists can now identify new species more quickly and understand their relationships within ecosystems with greater accuracy. However, technology alone is not enough. Field research, conservation funding, and local knowledge remain essential to uncovering and protecting Earth’s hidden biodiversity. Why the Public Should Care It’s easy to dismiss bizarre plants and fungi as scientific oddities. But history shows that today’s curiosities often become tomorrow’s breakthroughs. From medicines to sustainable materials, many human innovations began with close observation of nature. The fly-arousing orchid teaches us about communication and deception in evolution, while zombie fungi may help us understand disease control and neurological processes. Protecting biodiversity isn’t just about saving nature — it’s about safeguarding humanity’s future. Conclusion: Nature Is Stranger — and Smarter — Than We Imagine The botanical and fungal discoveries of 2025 remind us that the natural world is far more inventive than fiction. From seductive orchids to mind-controlling fungi, evolution has crafted solutions that challenge our understanding of life itself. As scientists continue to explore Earth’s hidden corners, one thing becomes clear: we are only beginning to understand the complexity beneath our feet and above our heads. Preserving these ecosystems ensures that nature’s most astonishing stories — and solutions — are not lost before they are told.
By Muhammad Hassan6 days ago in Earth
Comments
There are no comments for this story
Be the first to respond and start the conversation.