What are the Top Attractions and Activities in the Ancient Kingdom of Polonnaruwa? 

Polonnaruwa is a city that invites you to step back in time and immerse yourself in Sri Lanka's rich cultural heritage. It's the ideal place for history buffs and adventure seekers alike. Here are the most- this ancient kingdom. 

1. The Royal Palace Complex

The Royal Palace Complex is one of Polonnaruwa’s most impressive historical sites. Once the grand residence of King Parakramabahu I, the ruins of this complex include towering walls and remnants of various chambers. The audience hall, with its detailed carvings of elephants and lions, gives visitors a sense of the architectural grandeur that once graced the kingdom.

2. Gal Vihara

Gal Vihara in Polonnaruwa is renowned for its remarkable set of four Buddha statues, all masterfully carved from a single slab of granite. These statues represent different postures of the Buddha—standing, reclining, and seated—and are renowned for their intricate detail and serene expressions. A visit to Gal Vihara offers a spiritual experience and a chance to marvel at ancient Sri Lankan craftsmanship.

3. Parakrama Samudra

Known as the Sea of Parakrama, this massive artificial reservoir was constructed by King Parakramabahu I to store water for the city’s agricultural needs. Today, it is not only a feat of ancient engineering but also a serene spot for visitors to relax, enjoy the views, or even take a boat ride. The reservoir is a favourite for birdwatching, as many species of waterfowl make it their home.

4. The Quadrangle

The Quadrangle is a compact yet highly significant area in Polonnaruwa that houses several important structures. Among them is the Vatadage, a circular shrine that once housed the sacred Tooth Relic of the Buddha. This site also features the Hatadage and the Thuparama, ancient relic chambers that showcase the intricate stone carvings and architectural ingenuity of the kingdom.

5. Rankoth Vehera

Rankoth Vehera is one of the largest and most iconic stupas in Polonnaruwa and a significant site for Buddhist worship. Built during the reign of King Nissanka Malla, this massive brick structure stands over 50 meters tall. Walking around the stupa, you can get a sense of the devotion and scale of religious life in ancient Polonnaruwa.

6. Cycling Around Polonnaruwa

Exploring Polonnaruwa by bicycle is one of the most popular and enjoyable ways to cover the vast ancient city. With well-paved paths and scenic views of ruins, reservoirs, and greenery, cycling allows you to take in the full beauty of this historical landscape at your own pace. You can easily rent bicycles near the entrance to the ancient city or arrange for a guided cycling tour.

7. Polonnaruwa Museum

For a deeper understanding of the ancient kingdom, a visit to the Polonnaruwa Museum is a must. The museum provides context to the ruins you see around the city, displaying artefacts, detailed models, and historical explanations of the structures and monuments. This makes it a perfect stop either before or after touring the ancient city.

Where to Stay in Polonnaruwa

When visiting this historical gem, it’s essential to choose accommodation that offers both comfort and proximity to the key sites. Several Polonnaruwa hotels cater to a range of preferences, from luxury stays to more budget-friendly options. One noteworthy place to stay is Hotel Sudu Araliya, located close to Parakrama Samudra. Offering modern amenities with a touch of traditional Sri Lankan hospitality, it’s an ideal base for travellers who want to explore the ancient kingdom by day and unwind in comfort in the evening.

Tips for Visiting Polonnaruwa

Best Time to Visit: The best time to explore Polonnaruwa is during the dry season when the weather is pleasant and outdoor activities like cycling and sightseeing are enjoyable.

Dress Modestly: When visiting religious sites like Gal Vihara or Rankoth Vehera, be sure to dress modestly by covering your shoulders and knees out of respect for local customs.

Bring Water & Stay Protected from the Sun: Polonnaruwa can get quite hot during the day, so carrying plenty of water and wearing sunscreen is recommended.