Global Affairs & Political Developments

As we approach the midpoint of 2025, the global political landscape is marked by significant developments. From the ongoing conflict in Ukraine to legislative changes in India, these events are shaping international relations and domestic policies.

🇺🇦 The Ukraine-Russia Conflict: A Continuing Struggle

The war between Ukraine and Russia, now in its third year, remains a focal point of global concern. Recent developments have highlighted the complexities of achieving a lasting peace.

Peace Talks and Ceasefire Efforts

In May 2025, direct peace talks between Ukraine and Russia resumed in Istanbul after a prolonged hiatus. While the discussions were brief and fraught with disagreements, a significant outcome was the agreement to exchange 1,000 prisoners from each side. Ukraine advocated for a 30-day unconditional ceasefire, whereas Russia emphasised addressing the "root causes" of the conflict, including demands for Ukrainian troop withdrawals from annexed regions. Despite the challenges, both parties agreed to continue negotiations, with Turkey and the Vatican offering to mediate future discussions.

International Pressure and Sanctions

European leaders, including those from the UK, France, Germany, and Poland, convened in Kyiv alongside Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy to demonstrate solidarity. They issued a stern ultimatum to Russian President Vladimir Putin: agree to an unconditional 30-day ceasefire or face severe sanctions and increased Western military support for Ukraine. While Ukraine accepted the proposal, Russia insisted on halting Western arms transfers before agreeing, citing the complexity of the war's conditions. The European Commission backed the proposal, warning of additional "biting" sanctions if breached.

U.S. Involvement and Intelligence Sharing

Earlier in the year, the U.S. temporarily paused intelligence sharing with Ukraine, a move interpreted as pressure on Kyiv to engage in peace negotiations. This suspension was short-lived; following talks in Saudi Arabia, the U.S. resumed military aid and intelligence sharing as Ukraine signalled openness to a 30-day ceasefire, pending Russia's agreement.

🇮🇳 India's Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025: A Controversial Reform

In April 2025, the Indian Parliament passed the Waqf (Amendment) Act, introducing significant changes to the management of Waqf properties—assets dedicated to religious or charitable purposes in Islam. The legislation has sparked widespread debate and concern among minority communities

Key Provisions of the Amendment

Inclusion of Non-Muslims: The Act allows non-Muslims to be members of Central and State Waqf Boards and tribunals, aiming to promote transparency and administrative expertise.

Documentation Requirements: Waqf boards are now required to provide valid documents to claim a property as Waqf. In disputes, especially over land deemed government-owned, the final decision rests with the government.

Opposition and Legal Challenges

The Act has faced strong opposition from Muslim scholars, community leaders, and opposition parties. Critics argue that it undermines minority rights and facilitates the transfer of Waqf properties to corporate interests under the guise of reform. Concerns have been raised about the potential erosion of Muslim identity and the autonomy of religious institutions.

The Times of India

Legal challenges have been mounted against the Act, with the Supreme Court of India scheduled to hear pleas on May 20, 2025, focusing on interim relief and the constitutional validity of the amendments.

🇮🇱 Israel-Gaza Ceasefire Breakdown

Conflict Rekindled

• After a fragile ceasefire held through late 2024, renewed clashes erupted in April 2025 between Israel and Hamas, following an Israeli airstrike in Rafah that killed several Palestinian civilians.

• Hamas responded with rocket attacks on southern Israel, reigniting hostilities.

International Response

• The United Nations called for an immediate return to negotiations.

• Egypt and Qatar resumed mediation efforts, while Western nations urged restraint.

• Protests erupted globally, calling for a permanent solution to the conflict.

Humanitarian Crisis

The blockade of Gaza has intensified, worsening the humanitarian situation, with the UN reporting that over 70% of Gaza’s population is facing food insecurity.

Conclusion

The first half of 2025 has been marked by significant geopolitical events. The ongoing Ukraine-Russia conflict continues to test international diplomacy and the resilience of global alliances. Simultaneously, domestic policy changes, such as India's Waqf (Amendment) Act, highlight the delicate balance between governance reforms and the protection of minority rights. As the year progresses, these developments will undoubtedly influence the global political landscape and the pursuit of peace and equity.