Why Dyslexic brain is misunderstood

Misunderstandings of the dyslexic brain stem from its unique neural configuration, which causes problems in reading and language processing that may not be immediately obvious. This can lead to misconceptions about an individual's competence, underscoring the need for education and awareness in order to offer appropriate help.

Presenting an intricate impossible figure reminiscent of M.C. Escher's work, this three-dimensional object challenges reality but stays confined to the screen. In contrast, another possible object exists in the real world. A study conducted in 2001 engaged individuals with and without dyslexia to discern impossible figures. Surprisingly, those with dyslexia quickly identified the illusions, revealing a connection between dyslexia and a unique global visual-spatial ability—one that processes complete images instead of piecemeal parts. This study was just one of many that hinted at the untapped cognitive strengths in dyslexic individuals, beyond their reading and writing struggles.

"Dyslexia is not related to IQ at all, so there is no reason why people who are successful can't also be dyslexic,"

The notion of a mental model comes to mind, as you mention being able to manipulate it in your thoughts, considering it from multiple angles. This holistic approach, focusing on the entire puzzle rather than its individual pieces, adds a layer of innovative thinking. This way of thinking, often referred to as "blue sky thinking," stems from your brain's inherent structure. Interestingly, around 20% of the US population has been diagnosed with dyslexia, and the roots of their challenges can be traced to the unique organization of their brains.

Remarkably, the human brain isn't inherently wired for reading, unlike functions like sleep or fear response, which have dedicated brain regions. Reading, a relatively recent invention, has unfolded over 6000 years. Although there's much to unravel about the brain's mysteries, recent decades have provided insights into how reading works. In early stages, both brain hemispheres are active during learning to read, but for proficient readers, the left hemisphere takes the lead. Specific brain regions, such as the visual word form area, facilitate letter and word recognition, while phonological awareness aids in linking letters to sounds. Broca's area, vital for comprehension, ensures understanding of word meanings, with these regions connected by white matter pathways, forming a rapid network for word processing.

However, the dyslexic brain demonstrates variations in these networks. Brain scans of dyslexic readers reveal less activation in left hemisphere areas responsible for sound-letter mapping and word decoding. Simultaneously, there's heightened activation in the right hemisphere, suggesting extra effort to compensate. Dyslexia may manifest as pathway disruptions, causing difficulties in areas like grammar, math, and working memory. Conversely, pathways can be delayed, leading to challenges like reading out loud.

Dyslexia's experiences differ widely, but it doesn't correlate with intelligence. It's classified as a hereditary neurobiological learning disability. Targeted instruction in areas such as phonology and syntax can foster success for dyslexic learners. However, reading is just one aspect; research shows dyslexic individuals often excel in high-level reasoning, spatial processing, memory, and creativity. This cognitive profile, shaped by the right hemisphere's strengths, is integral to their abilities.

For instance, dyslexic individuals show proficiency in recognizing peripheral letters and memorizing blurred images. A 2022 study suggested that dyslexia's prevalence highlights its role in enabling human adaptability and collaboration. Embracing neurodiversity—a perspective that appreciates diverse brain wiring—challenges stigma and misconceptions surrounding dyslexia. By understanding the unique organization of differently wired brains, we can educate, collaborate with, and empower dyslexic individuals, reshaping our perception of dyslexia's strengths and weaknesses. This dynamic combination of strengths and challenges contributes to a more inclusive understanding of dyslexia.

There are no known methods of preventing the development of a dyslexic brain, as dyslexia is believed to be the result of genetic and neurological factors. However, early identification, intervention, and specialized educational approaches can help individuals with dyslexia overcome the challenges and improve their reading and language skills.