7 Common Causes of Toothache

Toothache is a common problem that can range from mild discomfort to unbearable pain. The disease can occur suddenly or develop gradually, affecting the way you eat, speak, and even sleep. The causes of toothache can vary, and it is important to find out in time what exactly is causing the discomfort. In this article, we look at seven of the most common causes of toothache and explain why it is important to go to the dentist at the first sign of discomfort.

1. Tooth decay

Cavities are one of the most common causes of toothache. This involves the destruction of the enamel (hard outer layer of the tooth) through the action of bacteria and acids produced during the processing of carbohydrates. Tooth decay can develop for a long time without causing symptoms, but painful sensations arise when it reaches the dentin or pulp.

In the early stages, the tooth may react to cold, heat, or sweets, but with deep caries, the pain becomes constant and pulsating. Treatment of cavities depends on its stage: in the early stages, remineralization may be useful, while deep lesions may require filling or even root canal therapy.

2. Pulpitis

Pulpitis is an inflammation of the soft tissue of the tooth (pulp), which contains nerve endings and blood vessels. This condition is often a complication of advanced caries when the infection penetrates deep into the tooth. The pain associated with pulpitis is usually severe, throbbing, and may worsen at night or with contact with hot food.

Without timely treatment, the inflammation can spread further and lead to an abscess. In most cases, pulpitis requires endodontic treatment - removal of the inflamed dental pulp and filling of the root canals.

3. Dental abscess

A dental abscess is another oral health issue that can result in significant toothache. A dental abscess is a pus-filled pocket formed around the root of a tooth, usually as a result of an untreated cavity or bacterial infection.

A dental abscess causes intense and shooting pain, which may be accompanied by swelling, fever, and a poor taste or smell in the mouth. A dental abscess can cause serious health complications, including sepsis and infection of adjacent tissues.

4. Tooth sensitivity

Sensitive teeth are a condition in which the teeth react painfully to cold, hot, sour, or sweet foods. The sensitivity is caused by the thinning of tooth enamel, exposed dentin, or receding gums. Causes of tooth sensitivity can include aggressive tooth brushing, excessive use of whitening products, frequent consumption of acidic foods, or gum disease. To reduce tooth sensitivity, dentists recommend using special toothpaste and gels containing fluoride, which strengthen tooth enamel.

5. Gum disease (gingivitis and periodontitis)

Gingivitis is the initial stage of gum disease caused by plaque buildup and bacterial proliferation. The main symptoms are redness, swelling, and bleeding of the gums. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a serious condition in which inflammation spreads to the tissues that support the teeth.

Periodontitis can lead to loosening and loss of teeth. It can also cause severe pain and a feeling of pressure in the teeth. Treatment includes professional teeth cleaning, the use of antiseptic rinses, and in severe cases, surgical methods for tissue repair.

6. Tooth injuries

Another common cause of pain is mechanical damage to the teeth. Trauma, bruxism (teeth grinding), or strong pressure when biting can cause cracks and fractures. The crack is barely noticeable, but can still cause severe pain when bitten or exposed to heat or cold. Depending on the extent of the damage, treatment may include a filling, placement of a crown, or even tooth extraction.

7. Wisdom teeth eruption

Wisdom teeth often cause pain, especially when they grow abnormally or don’t erupt completely. In such cases, pericoronitis develops - an inflammation of the soft tissues around the wisdom tooth. This is accompanied by pain, swelling, difficulty opening the mouth, and bad breath. If a wisdom tooth doesn’t have enough space for normal growth, it is recommended to remove it.