Scientific Miracle: The Surprising Story of a 'Soul' That Has Lived Undestroyed for 320 Million Years

You might start thinking after seeing the title of the article. But this article explores the fascinating story of DNA, the 'soul' of science that has lived on earth for over 320 years, with interesting examples.

fetusEgg and sperm

Our body is made up of billions of cells. Cells are composed of DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid), RNA (RiboNucleic Acid), protein, starch and lipids arranged in water. Cell cycle/mitosis is the process by which a cell grows into two cells. There are several stages in this cell division. One cell becomes two as each stage travels. Divided cells first develop themselves using available food.

Second, it starts copying all the DNA in its nucleus. This DNA is a double stranded chain. There are about 320 crore pairs of chain links (Nucleotides).

These are copied in less than four hours. That means around 2 lakh 23 thousand links are created every second! Many of us can be lazy. But all of our cells are active. They happily get the job done almost at the speed of light! This is one of the wonders of the universe. During pregnancy, its speed increases even more and if this work is completed in a matter of minutes, imagine the speed…

After DNA is produced, there are 96 pieces of DNA in the nucleus. Put these together and the length of this DNA is about two meters! That is the length of a scarf. But this DNA is only 20 nanometers wide. 1,000 nanometers are one micron. Two meters of DNA is packed into a three-micron-sized nucleus. This is equivalent to catching an elephant and stuffing it into a matchbox! This is possible because these DNA strands are tightly coiled over centuries like a well-coiled thread.

Finally these DNA copies are spliced ​​together to form two cells. And the DNA in the father's sperm combines with the DNA in the mother's egg to form a baby. And then it's this DNA that directs the children. In this way DNA has power over countless generations. DNA has been on this journey for over 320 billion years on Earth. As a result, countless species of living things appeared on earth. It is an indisputable fact that all living things on earth are people.

Modern technology explains that human DNA has the ability to survive in the body of any other living organism. Similarly, the DNA of any organism can persist in the human body. And this DNA has the power to persist outside the body. This DNA is not destroyed! Due to these reasons, DNA can be called the soul of organisms.

Is DNA stronger than Mount Everest?

DNA is in many ways stronger than the world's tallest mountain, Mount Everest. Everest is only 2 million years old. A strong earthquake can destroy this peak at any time. And due to the earth's centrifugal force, this peak is unlikely to grow further. But this DNA is getting softer and stronger day by day.

So soul DNA is stronger than Himalaya.

Such strength of DNA is the master control and regulation of cell division. Yes, this cell division happens according to rules and regulations; Our cells also work. The movement of these cells is our movement. The hard work of researchers over the past forty years has led to the discovery of many of the blueprints in cells.

Many chemicals have the power to disrupt our DNA. These include dyes used in food, many chemicals in polluted water, and chemicals in exhaust from vehicles and many industries. Also, UV rays and other radiation from sunlight have the power to damage DNA. Many of these toxins are created automatically in our body due to a sedentary lifestyle or a sedentary lifestyle. These also have the power to shatter DNA.

Just as a railroad track is made of two long strands of wire, DNA is made of two long strands. Consider a train traveling on a track at a speed of 140 kmph. Let us assume that there is a crack in the rail. If the train driver gets to know this somehow, he will stop the train. Everyone can escape. Then, engineers are quickly called in and they fix the crack in the rail. The train journey will be delayed by a few hours and that's all.

If the train driver is not aware of the crack in the rail, the train will face a worst-case accident. Passengers are more likely to be seriously injured or killed. The reason for all this was that the train was running fast on the broken track.

Now think of DNA as a train track and a cell on a speeding train traveling at an exponential rate of division. Like broken train tracks, the journey of cell division must stop when the DNA breaks. This is because DNA is the blueprint (blue print) that carries the information of our body structure and all movements. If RNA, protein, starch and fatty substances are damaged then nothing major problem will occur. This is because DNA contains the recipe for making them. So our cells can easily make them based on the recipe in DNA. But if this DNA is affected there are chances of this information being altered. This information change is called mutation. A mistaken command, such as rewriting the sentence "go step" to "go bite", is recorded in the DNA. The command will be executed in the cell. That means the wrong RNA, protein, flour and fat products will be made!

If more than six of these changes occur in a cell, it becomes a cancer cell! These mutated cells disobey most of the body's regulatory program. Acts on its own. It will usurp the available food. So it grows exponentially. This will make other nearby cells not work!

In this condition, our body has many proteins (DNA damage sensors) to detect DNA damage. These send information to a protein assembly that immediately halts the cell division journey in the event of DNA breakage or damage. In an emergency, these stop the process of cell division.

There are many proteins that stop the process of cell division when DNA breaks. Proteins like p53, RB, BRCA1 are important among them. One such protein is Cep164. I got a chance to find out. And I did research in this field alone for seven years in America.

Repairs and kills inside the body

You have seen women with long hair. They will then braid it well and double braid it. In such a cell these long strands of DNA look like a tightly coiled centipede. DNA strands are separated just as a centipede unwinds to repair broken DNA. Next it will be known what kind of damage has occurred in the DNA. Tools and machinery will be brought in to repair the damage done to the DNA. Don't think that those tools and machines are made of iron. These are all DNA damage repair proteins! Thanks to these, proper DNA repair is done. The quality of this DNA is then checked. If all goes well, the DNA strands will wind up again as they have for centuries. Only then will these cells continue their journey! Like this, 10 lakh repairs are done in just one cell per day in our body! If that is the case, imagine how many repairs our body has to do with the cells.

Perhaps if the broken DNA cannot be repaired, or is broken beyond repair, a protein complex that monitors the DNA break will direct the protein complex to kill the cell. The killer protein kills the cell mercilessly. This is called Apoptosis in English.

We don't like the word death but countless cells in our body die daily in the above ways. This is why we are able to survive cancer! That is, if the journey of cell division continues without repair of DNA breaks in our body, cancer is confirmed.

So… think how good news is the death inside our body!

I have heard a poet sing, "He who is good to all has lost himself." Do we follow this or not? Our cells adhere very firmly. And this to me,

"Evil is evil for fear of evil

Fire is feared"

Also remembers the screw.

Cancer is a rare disease in humans. A statistic says that about one in five hundred people get cancer. If one of these key DNA-protecting proteins malfunctions, we can develop cancer by the age of 30. Cancers that occur after aging can be considered the sum of the effects of our lifestyle, the food we eat, the chemicals in the water we drink, and the chemicals in the air we breathe.

This type of checkpoint is called Cell cycle checkpoint in English. Its important role is not only to protect us from cancer, but also to control the birth of defective children, these cell stops are nothing but!

Cause of birth defects

I want ten dosa thin as morumoru in blonde. It should also be beautiful without tearing. Can you bake ten dosas in one attempt without tearing a single one? Skilled chefs with years of experience working in a restaurant may wish to do so.

2017 birth defects census in Tamil Nadu. About three in two hundred children were found to be defective (4). Our body has 78 organs and 206 bones. If all these are properly formed then the baby is considered as a healthy baby. The design of dosa is not like that. Very easy. It is difficult for us to mold 10 dosa without tearing. At this stage, the Himalayan record of only three birth defects in 200 births is the main reason for the confinement restrictions!

How this happens is that cell arrest controls halt the development of an embryo full of broken and unnatural genes. These then induce miscarriage. This type of miscarriage occurs mostly in the first trimester. That is why the birth of a child with defects is highly restricted. These shutdown controls are of several types.

And it is believed that the reason why the cells of the fetus growing in the womb proliferate at such a high rate is that these cell stops do not work properly during the first month or two of the fetus. Cells in the developing embryo grow and proliferate spontaneously without any regulatory constraints. Then these controls are introduced one by one into the cells there. The quality of the genomic DNA is then tested. These proteins can trigger miscarriage if a couple of DNA fragments in the fetal cells are found to be missing or an extra number and a fragment has been cut off. As mentioned earlier, this type of miscarriage is most common in the first trimester.

A fetus with such damaged DNA can develop into a severely malformed child. If 50 percent of the children born are defective, the human race will disappear completely in ten generations!

Instead, if the cells that proliferate freely in the embryo are 100% genetic, these cells can flawlessly form a whole baby with the help of protein assemblies capable of repairing multiple types of DNA damage amid many restrictions! And the newborn can survive all the toxic chemicals!

Are we following our duties and laws of the country properly or not? We are able to live a disease-free life because the cells in our body obey their laws and run smoothly. It is these laws that protect the DNA of all species, not just humans. This is why countless species thrive on Earth! Thus the soul called DNA has been ruling the earth for more than 320 million years.

(The author, Sudhakar Sivasubramaniam, who started his research journey at Madurai Kamarasar University, received his PhD in 1999. He has worked at American universities for ten years. He is currently a professor at Manonmaniam Sundaranar University and the director of the University's Archeology Center. He is researching organ regeneration with earthworms and age-related diseases. (who discovered the genome of earthworms.)