ROLE OF MANAGEMENT

MANAGEMENT:

Management has been important to the daily lives of people in groups since long. Therefore,

a question is raised that if the management has been so important for human lives, why it has

assumed added importance in the present-day society. The possible answer of this question

can be traced in the context of emergence of large-sized organizations. The management of

these organizations has become much more complex than what it used to be earlier. Along

with the size, another dimension which has added to the complexity of managing is the

changing nature of society and its various constituents. Therefore, the issue before the

present-day managers is how to take care of these changes so that organizations achieve their

objectives. Thus, management has become crucial not only for the organizations but for the

society too. Even classical writers on management have recognized its importance long back.

Meaning of Management: Management is relative a new discipline. Being a new

discipline, it has drawn concepts and principles from economics, sociology, philosophy,

psychology, statistics and soon.

Management is an art (or) technique of getting things done.

Management is a distinct activity of an organization.

Management denotes a group of people.

Management is a discipline which represents a body of knowledge.

DEFINITION:

Koontz: Management is the art of getting things done through and with people in

formally organized groups.

George R. Terry: Management is a distinct process consisting of planning organization,

organizing, actuating and controlling performance to determine and accomplish the

objectives by the use of people and resources.

NATURE & SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT:

Management techniques in managing the affairs of the organization have changed its

nature over the period of the time. In spite of the growing importance of management as

an academic discipline and contributing to the quality of human life, the concept is still

clouded by certain misconceptions. The nature of management can be described as

follows

Management is getting things done: A manager does not do any operating work

himself. Manager gets the work done by, with and through the people. Manager has to

direct them and develop their talent by adopting technical, human and psychological

skills. Manager must motivate the subordinates for the accomplishment of the task

assigned to them.

Management is a profession: Management is a profession because some of its

established is being applied in practice. Management has been regarded as a profession

by many while many have suggested that it has not achieved the status of a profession.

Management makes judicious use of all available means to accomplish certain

predetermined task.

Management Organizational Behavior

A Siddi Sainadh, Assistant Professor Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Tirupati 2

The various features of a profession may be the following:-

Organized body of knowledge, principles and techniques.

Formal training and education.

Spirit of service to society.

Organized body of knowledge: Management has its own body of systematized

knowledge which contains the principles and techniques. It is widely taught in the

universities and other educational institutions as a discipline.

Formal training and education: Management is not merely theory. Hence the person is

prepared to take practical decision in business. Thus he has to undergo rigorous training

through seminars, case studies, group discussion and even practical training in factories

before assuming the office.

Spirit of service to society: Though professionals charge fee for the service rendered,

they give priority to service over the desire for monetary reward.

Management is purposeful: Management is a goal – oriented activity. It is concerned

with the accomplishment of goals through its various functions like planning, organizing,

staffing, directing and controlling. The most important goal of a management activity is

to accomplish the objectives of an organization. These objectives may be economic,

socio-economic, social and human and there by management at different levels seeks to

achieve these objectives in different ways.

Management is a science: As a science, science has been defined as a body systemized

knowledge which establishes a relationship between cause and effect. Such systemized

knowledge contains hypothesis, theories, experiment and principles. Science may be

viewed in terms of its structure, its goals, and its methods. In terms of its structure, it is a

number of scientific disciplines:

Physics,

Biology,

Psychology,

Economics,

Management and many others. Sciences attempts to provide asset of internally consist

hypothesis, principles, laws and theories dealing with an aspect of total knowledge.

Management is an Art: The meaning of art is related with the bringing of desired result

through the application of skills. Management is an art can be seen from the following

facts.

The process of management does involve the use of knowhow and skills like any other art

such as :

Music,

Painting,

Sculpture etc.,

Management is creative like any other art; creativity is a major dimension in managerial

success. It creates new situation for future improvement.

A comparison between science and art is presented in below which suggests that a

manager requires both aspects of management to be successful.

Management Organizational Behavior

A Siddi Sainadh, Assistant Professor Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Tirupati 3

Managing is essential in all organized co-operation, as well as at all levels of organization in

an enterprise. It is the function performed not only by corporation President and the army

general but also of the shop supervisors and the company commander. Managing is equally

important in business as well as non business organizations.

Multi disciplinary: Management integrates the ideas and concepts taken from

disciplines such as psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, ecology, statistics,

operation research, history etc. and presents newer concepts which can be put in practice

for managing the organizations. Contributions to the field of management can be

expected from any discipline which deals with some aspects of human beings.

Dynamic Nature of Principles: Principles are a fundamental truth which establish cause

and effect relationship of a function. Based on practical evidences, management has

framed certain principles, but these principles are flexible in nature and change with the

changes in the environment in which an organization exists. In the field of Management,

organization researches are being carried on to establish principles in changing society

and no principles can be regarded as a final truth.

Relative, Not Absolute Principles: Management Principles are relative, not absolute

and they should be applied according to the need of the organization. Each organization

may be different from others. The difference may exist because of time, place, socio-

cultural factors etc. A particular management Principles has different strength in

different conditions and therefore Principles of Management should be applied in the

light of the prevailing conditions.

SIGNIFICANCE OF MANAGEMENT:

The importance of management can be described through following points:

1. Encourage initiative: Management encourages initiative. Initiative means to do the

right things at the right time without being told or influenced by the superior. The

employees should be encouraged to make their own plans and also to implement these

plans. Initiative gives satisfaction to employees and success to organization.

2. Encourages innovation: Management also encourages innovation in the organization.

Innovation brings new ideas, new technology, new methods, new products, new services

etc. This makes the organization more competitive and efficient.

3. Facilitates growth and expansion: Management makes optimum utilization of

available resources. It reduces wastage and increases efficiency. It encourages teamwork

and motivates employees. It also reduces absenteeism and labour turnover. All this

results in growth, expansion and diversification of the organization.

3. Improves life of workers: Management shares some of its profit with the workers. It

provides the workers with good working environment and conditions. It also gives the

workers financial and non-financial incentives. All this improves the quality of life of the

workers.

4. Improves corporate image: If the management is good, then the organization will

produce good quality goods and services. This will improve the goodwill and corporate

image of the organization. A good corporate image brings many added benefits to the

organization.

5. Motivates employees: Management motivates employees by providing financial and

non-financial incentives. These incentives increase the willingness and efficiency of the

employees. This result in boosting productivity and profitability of the organization.

6. Optimum use of resources: Management brings together the available resources. It

makes optimum (best) use of these resources. This brings best result to the organization.

Management Organizational Behavior

A Siddi Sainadh, Assistant Professor Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Tirupati 4

7. Reduces wastage: Management reduces the wastage of human, material and financial

resources. Wastage is reduced by proper production planning and control. If wastage is

reduced then productivity will increase.

8. Increases efficiency: Efficiency is the relationship between returns and cost.

Management uses many techniques to increase returns and reduce costs. Higher

efficiency brings many benefits to the organization.

9. Improves relation: Management improves relations between individuals, groups,

departments and between levels of management. Better relations lead to better

teamwork. Better teamwork brings success to the organization.

10. Reduces absenteeism and labour turnover: Absenteeism means the employee is

absent without permission. Labour turnover means the employee leaves the organization.

Labour absenteeism and turnover increases the cost and causes many problems in the

smooth functioning of the organization. Management uses different techniques to reduce

absenteeism and labour turnover in the organization.

11. Encourages teamwork: Management encourages employees to work as a team. It

develops a team spirit in the organization. This unity brings success to the organization.