WORLD'S FAMOUS CURSED DIAMOND MYSTERY

In 1854, when India was under British colonial rule,

Governor-General Lord Dalhousie

I sent a 15 year old child from Punjab to England.

Lord Dalhousie thought so

The child's mother was a threat and had a bad temper.

It was therefore important to separate him from his mother.

In England this kid converts to Christianity

He soon befriends Queen Victoria's son Edward VII.

Responsibility for this child was given to the British royal family,

and he was paid an annual salary

From £50,000. Adjusted for today's inflation,

Equivalent to Rs 650 crore per year.

Friend, this child was no ordinary child,

He was Prince Duleep Singh.

Also known as Maharaja Duleep Singh.

The last ruler of the Sikh Empire in India.

Interestingly, four years before he was sent to England,

In 1849, when the British defeated the Sikhs in battle,

Lord Dalhousie ordered eleven-year-old Duleep

Presenting diamonds to Queen Victoria. It was the Kohinoor Diamond.

That year he arrived in London after traveling 6,700 kilometers by ship.

Kohinoor, according to the legend accompanying his diamond,

"Whoever owns this diamond owns the world.

But he will also find out all his misfortunes.

it's a superstition

It is known as the Curse of Koh-i-Noor.

'Cause my friends, everyone who owned Koh-i-Noor

He has lived a life of bloodshed, violence and betrayal.

This is the most infamous diamond in history.

Let's take a peek into the fascinating history of Koh-i-Noor.

"Kohinoor Diamond"

It is kept in the Jewel House in the Tower of London.

many years

But there were regular phone calls from Britain demanding their return. ”

"The Kohinoor diamonds were

It was brought to England from India.

It became the crown jewel of the Queen. ”

"I saw Kohinoor.

First eyewitness testimony.

i saw kohinoor

it was attached to the peacock's head

on the peacock throne.

Folks, there are many popular theories about this. About the origin of Kohinoor.

where was it found?

officer of the East India Company,

Theo Metcalfe

According to tradition,

This diamond was mined in the following eras.

Life of Krishna.

But according to historians

The most common view is this

This diamond was found in the Koruru mine.

Located in Golconda region.

Not to be confused with Kohler Mining Area.

Golconda diamonds are found on the banks of the Krishna River.

On the coast of Andhra Pradesh.

This area was born in his 18th century

was the only region in the world

A place where diamonds may be found.

Until diamond mines were discovered in Brazil in 1725.

It is not clear how and by whom the Kohinoor diamond was discovered.

But gemstones are usually found in dried-up riverbeds. historically we don't even know

When exactly was it discovered?

Historians' most accurate estimate is that

Discovered between 1100 and 1300.

Kohinoor is believed to have been first mentioned in a Hindu document in 1306.  

the problem is that

No one knows the name of that text.

Also, no one knows who wrote it.

The first documented mention of Kohinoor dates back to his 1526.

In 1526, the first Mughal emperor, Zahiruddin Babur, came to India.

he wrote it in bubble nama

it's a diamond

That's half of the world's daily spending. He is believed to have won the Kohinoor Diamond as a prize

To win certain battles.

The second mention of Kohinoor was by Shah Jahan in 1628.

It was when he ordered the famous Peacock Throne.

It took seven years to complete this throne.

It was four times the price of the Taj Mahal. A large amount of gems and precious stones were used in the manufacture of this throne.

But countless precious gems

One of them was the Kohinoor diamond.

And the other is Red Temur Ruby.

interesting facts

The Kohinoor were not the most valuable lineage of the Mughal lineage.

Mughals preferred Timur his ruby

So it was the most valuable stone to her.

Because the Mughals preferred colorful stones

Hindu and Sikh kings, on the other hand, preferred diamonds. Consider this a personal preference.

nevertheless.

Kohinoor was given the honored position of the Peacock Throne.

By seeing it in the eyes of a peacock.

This diamond had not yet been named Kohinoor.

About 100 years later

During the Mughal Empire, Delhi became one of the richest cities in the world.

Over 2 million people live here

More than the population of London and Paris combined. but at this point

The Mughal Empire weakened.

Delhi's wealth attracted Nadir Shah of Persia.

In 1739 Nadir Shah invaded Delhi.

and defeated Mohammed Shah.

Muhammad Shah was the 15th Mughal emperor.

He is the great-grandson of Aurangzeb.

When Nadir Shah returned from Delhi he had too many treasures. 700 elephants, 4,000 camels,

and needed 12,000 horses

to carry treasure.

Among these treasures was the Kohinoor diamond.

It is commonly believed that

Nadir Shah received the following information from an official working in the Mughal Empire.

Muhammad Shah hid the Kohinoor diamond in his turban.

There was an old custom of changing turbans during wartime.

So Nadir Shah suggested exchanging turbans with Mohammed Shah.

When the Kohinoor diamond falls to the ground.

shining so brightly in the light

Nadir Shah spoke up

Koh Y Nur. Literally means "mountain of light".

And this diamond was given a name.

However, Nadir Shah's treasurer at the time said,

He wrote a book called Tariq y Alam Ala y Nadiri.

The contents of this book provided us with a written record.

That Kohinoor was attached to the top of the Peacock Throne. Nadir Shah got the Peacock Throne

And on his armband he wore Timur Rubin and Kohinoor diamonds.

Origin of this diamond's name

may not be true.

The part that was hidden by the turban

but it's true

Nadir Shah named this diamond Kohinoor.

Because diamonds are called Kohinoor in this book.

For the next 70 years, Kohinoor remained part of what is now Afghanistan. This is where Kohinoor's Curse comes into play.

diamond owner will own the world 

But all misfortunes will befall him.

This saying comes from his 1306 Hindu scriptures.

as i said before

This is believed to be Kohinoor's first mention of his diamond.

it's a superstition

But as we will see, it is true to some extent.

In 1747, misfortune befell Nadir Shah.

When Nadir Shah was killed by his guards. As a result, his empire collapsed.

Ahmad Shah Durrani

Also known as Ahmad Khan Abdali.

He was a member of Nadir Shah's army.

He became the founder of the new Afghan Empire.

And he Kohinoor he becomes the new owner of the diamond. A book by William Dalrymple and Anita Anand says:

grandson of Nadir Shah

Shah Rukh Shah,

Molten lead was poured over his head

Just like in Game of Thrones,

To find out where Kohinoor was hiding.

You can call it the Curse of Kohinoor, or you can call it something else.

But there were also many power struggles in the Durrani Empire.

Ahmad's son Timur deftly led the empire.

But then Ahmad's grandson

fought among themselves for the throne.

son of Timur, third ruler of the kingdom,

Zaman Shah Durrani

He was blinded with hot needles. His brother, the fifth ruler, was Shuja Shah Durrani.

that's what his wife said

When a strong man throws his four pebbles in his four directions,

north, south, east and west,

Then I threw a fifth pebble into the air.

And a space surrounded by five pebbles,

filled with gold

The value of all the gold there will still fall short of Kohinoor's value.

Shuja Shah Durrani wore Kohinoor on his bracelet.

In 1809 he was deposed and

And he fled to Lahore with the Kohinoor diamond.

There he fled from Maharaja Ranjith Singh. Ranjit Singh is the founder of the Sikh Empire.

And instead of giving Durrani sanctuary,

He asked for the Kohinoor diamond.

And in 1813, Kohinoor his diamonds passed to the Sikh Empire.

Even for Ranjith Singh, Kohinoor was of great symbolic importance.

land seized by the Durrani dynasty,

recovered from him.

He was known as the Lion of Lahore.

Or Sher-e-Punjab. And he wore Kohinoor on his biceps.

on an armband.

Years later, the East India Company's influence over India continued to grow.

When the British learned of the death of Ranjith Singh in 1839,

they also found out about his plan

to give these diamonds to Hindu priests.

British newspapers of the time

was angry about it.

one of his published newspapers

"The richest and most expensive jewel in the known world,

entrusted to the trust of the ungodly,

An idolatrous, mercenary priesthood. "

The British government appoints the East India Company

Notice the Kohinoor diamond. To keep track of where you're going

And look to the UK Treasury for a way to get it.

Britain had to wait almost ten years.

After the death of Ranjit Singh in 1839

The Punjab throne was passed to four rulers over the next four years.  

In 1843 there were only two people standing.

A, Rani Jindan, wife of Ranjit Singh,

And the other is a 5 year old child.

Prince Duleep Singh.

When the Second Anglo-Sikh War finally ended in his 1849,

The East India Company ended the rule of the Punjab Empire.

Duleep Singh was about ten years old at the time. EIC made him sign a contract from Lahore.

According to this contract:

The Kohinoor diamond was to be given to the East India Company.

Punjab was the last major state not conquered by the British.

after winning this war

The East India Company does not want to leave room for maneuver

To enable the Sikh empire to thrive again.

There they imprisoned Jindan,

And another family left,

shipped to London

and converted to Christianity. I said it at the beginning of the video.

When Duleep Singh was only 15 years old,

He was sent to London in his 1854.

July 1854

When Duleep Singh's portrait was painted at Buckingham Palace,

Queen Victoria gave him the chance to see Kohinoor again.

he held it

And what he said was said to be:

Duleep Singh lived late in his life.

he rebelled against England,

he tried to go back to india

However, it was stopped by the British.

He tried to get help from the Germans. Unfortunately, he failed.

He is said to have died an untimely death.

He is 55 years old and lives in Paris.

His living conditions at that time were rather poor,

He lived in poverty.

Kohinoor, meanwhile, became the exclusive property of Queen Victoria.

interesting,

"Curse of Kohinoor"

Warning to all owners

also said

Only gods or women can wear it with impunity. 

There are no ill effects.

1851 in Hyde Park, London.

there was an exhibition

This gave the British public the opportunity to see Kohinoor.

But the public reaction was totally unexpected.

People were amazed to see empires fighting over a small piece of rock.

People couldn't believe it was the same Kohinoor diamond

What did people kill each other for? To them it just looked like glass.

It is no different from ordinary glass.

This was reported in The Times in June 1851.

After disappointing public reaction

Queen Victoria's husband Prince Albert

He commissioned Kohinoor to be finished and polished in 1852.

so that it can reflect light better

And maybe even brighter. He hoped people would see it and be fascinated.

However, because of this process,

Mr. Kohinoor's weight he lost 40%.

It used to be 186 carats,

After trimming and polishing

It remained at 105.6 carats.

Currently, Kohinoor diamond dimensions are:

Kohinoor is now about the size of a chicken egg.

Let's continue.

When the British got Kohinoor,

They too feared Kohinoor's curse. Therefore, decisions about the future were made by the British royal family

They said they wouldn't give Kohinoor to anyone.

If the monarch is male,

A queen would wear a kohinor.

That's why the next few years will be

When the British throne was inherited

Kohinoor always went to the Queen.

Eventually it became part of the Crown Jewels.

It was first attached to Queen Alexandra's crown.

Then at Queen Mary's house,

And finally in 1937,

embedded in the crown

Worn by the mother of the current Queen of England. The Queen Mother's funeral was held in 2002.

When was the crown last seen in public?

Now this crown and Kohinoor,

can be found in the Tower of London

waterloo barracks,

Inside the jewel house inside.

they are stored there.

Kohinoor's History Over the Past 800 Years

The British royal family has owned Kohinoor for many years.

Mr. Kohinoor has been with them for 173 years. 

Many Indians are very emotional towards Kohinoor.

Shashi Sarour's speech at the Oxford Union in 2015 has become very famous.

"India's share in the global economy

When England reached its shores,

was 23%.

when the British left

It has dropped to below 4%.

India was already Britain's biggest cash cow.

The world's largest buyer of British goods,

And export...

Prime Minister Modi also applauded his argument. He described the economic and prosperity potential lost by India.

Because of British colonialism.

And today Kohinoor is a symbol of this British colonialism.

The question is whether it is a Kohinoor diamond.

Stolen from India by the British

Or was it a gift?

It was given to them in exchange for a deal.

One year after Shashi Thalor's speech in 2015,

In 2016, NGOs submitted a petition to the Supreme Court. The petition says the government should return Mr. Kohinoor.

The Indian government should demand that

The British government will return the diamonds.

However, Ranjit Kumar, who served as a government representative at the court, said:

said the diamond is part of the Lahore Treaty,

It wasn't stolen or taken by force.

And it's no use trying to get it back.

Later, the Archaeological Survey of India gave a briefing on behalf of the government.

He said he would do his best to get Kohinur back in an amicable way.

Kumar's claims are said to be as follows:

It does not represent the views of the government. However, legally

There is no legal basis for Kohinoor's return to India.

The only legal method available here is

is a 1970 UNESCO convention.

Convention on Prohibitions and Preventive Measures

Unauthorized Import, Export or Transfer

Ownership of cultural property.

The cultural heritage of one country is illegally transferred to another country,

by improper means,

However, there are two problems with this convention.

First, it cannot be applied retroactively. Cultural heritage photographed before 1970

You don't necessarily have to return it.

and the other is this

Cultural heritage is defined in Article 1 of the Convention.

As property owned for religious or secular reasons

Explicitly set by each state

Importantly for archeology,

Prehistory, history, literature, art, science

The second problem is that even if the cultural property is returned,

Which country should get it?

the situation is quite complicated

Since there are borders between the current countries,

It's fairly new.

a kingdom that once existed

During the monarchy,

I had a dynamic border that was redrawing very often.

The current territory is

India, Afghanistan, Pakistan,

Exist only after independence. Before that there was a kingdom.

Technically speaking,

Kohinoor diamonds have not been removed from the country's sovereign territory.

India, Afghanistan, Pakistan.  

Because these areas were created only after a certain date.

But the Kohinore were taken from the kingdom before that.

Another question here is

To whom should Kohinoor be returned?

In Afghanistan, a Taliban spokesperson said in 2000:

They want Kohinoor to return to their homeland.

In 2016, a petition was filed with the Lahore Supreme Court of Pakistan.

Because the British stole the Kohinoor

from present-day Pakistan. The capital of the Sikh Empire was Lahore.

Anthropologist Richard Klin says it's logical

Kohinoor can be returned to multiple countries.

Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and even Iran

You can legally claim ownership of this diamond.

Theft and looting were rampant at the time.

However, none of these countries existed at the time. Although their regions existed geographically.

Must be distinguished from other events

cultural heritage stolen by the Nazis,

where you can see clearly

Country where the robbery occurred.

Because these countries already existed.

So does emotionally, says Richard Kling

We should let Kohinoor go forever.

To prevent his dark history from repeating itself,

And it may rest in its final resting place.