The Post-World War II Life of Hermann Göring: Trial, Legacy, and Death

The newly released film Nuremberg offers a gripping dramatization of the historic trials that brought Nazi leaders to justice after World War II, spotlighting the legal and moral reckoning that followed one of history's darkest chapters. Central to the narrative is the figure of Hermann Göring, whose defiance, manipulation, and ultimate downfall are portrayed with chilling realism.

This article highlights Göring’s post-war life in direct connection to the film, expanding on the historical truths behind the courtroom drama. By examining Göring’s arrest, psychological profile, trial conduct, and controversial death, the piece provides deeper context to the cinematic portrayal—allowing viewers to understand not just the man onscreen, but the real legacy of power, ideology, and justice that he represents.

Hermann Göring, one of the highest-ranking officials in Nazi Germany, played a central role in the orchestration of the Third Reich's war machine and atrocities. Following Germany's defeat in World War II, Göring's post-war life was marked not by exile or obscurity, but by infamy through the lens of international justice. This essay explores Göring's actions following the collapse of Nazi Germany, focusing on his arrest, prosecution during the Nuremberg Trials, psychological evaluation, and eventual death, while also analyzing his historical legacy.

Surrender and Arrest (1945)

In the final days of the war, as Allied forces closed in on Berlin, Göring fled south to Bavaria. With Adolf Hitler refusing to leave the capital and declaring that those who did were traitors, Göring found himself in a precarious political situation. On April 23, 1945, Göring sent a telegram to Hitler requesting authority to take over leadership of the Reich, citing Hitler's isolation. This led to his dismissal and arrest by Hitler's SS, although he was later released.

On May 9, 1945, Göring voluntarily surrendered to American forces near Salzburg, Austria. He reportedly believed he could negotiate a role in post-war reconstruction due to his high profile and knowledge of Nazi operations. His surrender, however, marked the beginning of a very different chapter—one not of power, but of accountability.

Imprisonment and the Nuremberg Trials

Hermann Göring became one of the principal defendants at the Nuremberg Trials (1945–1946), the first international military tribunal held to prosecute major war criminals. He was indicted on four counts:

• Conspiracy to commit crimes against peace
• Planning, initiating and waging wars of aggression
• War crimes
• Crimes against humanity

As Reichsmarschall and founder of the Gestapo, Göring bore direct responsibility for the enforcement of Nazi policies, including the implementation of anti-Semitic laws and the organization of the Luftwaffe’s campaigns, many of which resulted in civilian casualties.

During the trial, Göring exhibited considerable skill in self-defense, often articulating the Nazi ideology with chilling clarity and maintaining an air of authority. His testimony, however, further confirmed his guilt, particularly regarding his role in the “Final Solution.” Despite his efforts, the tribunal found him guilty on all charges and sentenced him to death by hanging.

Psychological Evaluation and Personality Profile

Göring's behavior during imprisonment fascinated both journalists and psychologists. As part of the Nuremberg process, he was subjected to a psychological evaluation by U.S. Army psychiatrist Dr. Douglas Kelley and psychologist Dr. Gustave Gilbert. The results were compiled in Gilbert’s Nuremberg Diary (1947), which portrays Göring as highly intelligent, manipulative, and narcissistic.

Notably, Göring scored high on the Rorschach inkblot test, revealing a strong, dominant personality combined with a lack of empathy and a grandiose sense of self. Dr. Gilbert classified him as a "classic case of narcissistic personality disorder," which echoed the self-importance Göring exuded throughout the trial.

Suicide and Death (1946)

Just hours before his scheduled execution on October 16, 1946, Göring committed suicide by ingesting a cyanide capsule hidden in a container of skin medication. The exact means by which he obtained the poison remain unclear, although theories suggest he may have received help from a sympathetic American guard or had smuggled it in earlier.

His suicide was a major embarrassment for the Allies, who had sought to make his execution a public demonstration of justice. In his final letters, Göring claimed that death by hanging was unworthy of a man of his status, preferring to die by his own hand.

Posthumous Legacy and Historical Interpretations

In the decades since his death, Göring has remained one of the most studied figures of the Nazi regime. Historians debate whether he was primarily an opportunist who rode Hitler’s coattails or a true believer in Nazi ideology. His early ambitions, including the rearmament of Germany and the expansion of the Luftwaffe, indicate a deep commitment to militaristic nationalism.

Despite his attempt to portray himself as a statesman during the Nuremberg Trials, evidence confirms Göring's complicity in crimes of genocide and war. His legacy is thus one of calculated cruelty, masked by charisma and strategic intelligence. Unlike others in the Nazi hierarchy, Göring’s ability to navigate complex political and legal situations has made him a case study in power, psychology, and justice.

Conclusion

Hermann Göring’s post-World War II life represents the dramatic fall of one of Nazi Germany’s most powerful men. From self-styled heir to Hitler to condemned war criminal, his journey through surrender, trial, and suicide encapsulates the broader reckoning faced by the Nazi elite. Göring’s life and death underscore the importance of international law, the psychological complexity of authoritarian figures, and the enduring need to confront historical evil with unflinching clarity.