Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA): The Just Ruler Who Changed the Course of Islamic History

In the vast landscape of Islamic history, few names shine as brightly as that of Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA). He was not just the second Caliph of Islam, but a visionary leader, a symbol of justice, and a role model whose influence continues to inspire people over 1,400 years later.

Born in Makkah in 583 CE, Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA) belonged to the respected Quraysh tribe. Before accepting Islam, he was known for his strong personality, eloquence, and firm stance against the new religion. In fact, he once set out with the intention to kill Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). But in a dramatic and miraculous turn of events, he accepted Islam after reading verses from Surah Taha. His conversion marked a turning point for the Muslim community, who until then had been practicing their faith in secrecy and fear.

With Hazrat Umar's acceptance of Islam, Muslims began praying publicly in the Haram. His presence gave strength and courage to the believers. The Prophet (PBUH) once prayed, "O Allah, strengthen Islam with either Abu Jahl or Umar ibn al-Khattab." That prayer was answered through Umar.

His Role During the Prophet’s Lifetime

Hazrat Umar (RA) was among the closest companions of the Prophet (PBUH). His opinions were often aligned with divine revelation. On many occasions, verses of the Qur’an were revealed confirming his suggestions, such as the commandment about hijab and the treatment of prisoners after the Battle of Badr.

He participated in all major battles alongside the Prophet, including Badr, Uhud, and Khandaq. His wisdom, discipline, and boldness were respected by both friends and enemies alike.

Becoming the Second Caliph

After the death of Abu Bakr Siddiq (RA), Hazrat Umar was chosen as the second Caliph. His leadership marked a golden era in Islamic governance. He ruled from 634 CE to 644 CE, and during this time, the Islamic empire expanded rapidly, reaching vast territories including Persia, Egypt, Palestine, and parts of the Byzantine Empire.

But it was not just expansion that marked his rule—it was his governance.

Hazrat Umar established a system of justice, public welfare, and accountability that was far ahead of his time. He introduced a welfare state where food, clothing, and shelter were the responsibility of the government. He created a system of salaries for soldiers and civil servants, initiated regular population censuses, and formed the Diwan system to manage administrative records.

A Leader of Simplicity and Accountability

Despite ruling over an empire, Hazrat Umar (RA) lived with astonishing simplicity. He wore patched clothes, lived in a modest house, and often ate dates and bread. He did not allow his family to enjoy any special privilege and held himself accountable before Allah and the people.

He would walk the streets of Madinah at night to check on the well-being of his people, often helping widows and orphans himself. He once said, "If a dog were to die hungry on the banks of the Euphrates, Umar would be responsible for it."

His Martyrdom

In 644 CE (23 AH), Hazrat Umar was attacked by a Persian slave named Abu Lulu while leading the Fajr prayer in Masjid al-Nabawi. He was critically injured and passed away three days later. Before his death, he appointed a council of six companions to choose the next Caliph.

He was buried next to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and Abu Bakr (RA) in the sacred chamber in Madinah.


---

Legacy

Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA) left behind a legacy of justice, discipline, humility, and fear of Allah. Non-Muslim historians and scholars have praised his governance model, comparing him to the greatest rulers in world history. His contributions to law, governance, and social justice are studied and admired even today.

His life reminds us that true leadership is not about power or wealth—it’s about serving people with sincerity, holding oneself accountable, and standing firm for truth and justice.