The rise and fall of Xia Dynasty

The Xia Dynasty was the first slave dynasty and the first hereditary dynasty in Chinese history. It put an end to primitive society and announced China's entry into a more civilized slave society.

The Xia Dynasty was founded by Qi, the son of Emperor Yu. It lasted for 14 dynasties and lasted about 471 years. It was later destroyed by Shang.

First, the origin of the name "Xia"

As for the origin of the name "Xia", many say that it comes from the pictograph of Xia ethnic totem. Sima Qian believed that "Xia" was a tribe composed of twelve ethnic groups headed by the Xia Queen, and later took it as the name of the state.

According to the Records of the Grand Historian and the Annals of Dai Li, the ancestor Gun of the Xia people was the descendants of Zhuanxu. The Xia people were also the descendants of the intermarriage between Gao Yang, the descendant of the Yellow Emperor, and Gonggong, the descendant of the Yan Emperor. They lived in the middle and lower reaches of the Wei River at first, and then moved to the south of Shanxi and the west of Henan to the area of the Yiluo River.

Second, after the launch of the country

At the end of the primitive society, the chieftain of the tribe, Emperor Yaodi, assigned Gun to control the flood. As Gun failed to unite the various departments well and adopted the blocking method, it was not successful for nine years. His son yu continue to water conservancy work, he learned the lesson of failure Gun, unity of gong gong's tribe, such as governance, such as river, river, los, Iraq yu adopts persuation method, according to the topography of the highlands water into jianghai, so the original settlement in the plain on high ground around people started 迀 into fertile plains, agricultural production level has been greatly improved.

After 20 years of Yu's flood control, he "passed through his house for three times but did not dare to enter" and succeeded in establishing Huaxia. Since then, the Central Plains have turned from a wild land into a rich and happy land with rapid development of productivity, which provided a solid foundation for the establishment of a hereditary dynasty and made all tribes more united in the process of flood control. Later, Yu led troops to invade the three Miao and drive them out of the Central Plains. At Tushan, Yu formed an alliance with more than ten thousand vassals. The leader of the Fengfeng clan was executed by him for being late. Yu's prestige was further enhanced.

In primitive societies, the system of chiefship was the "Zen abdication" system, in which the predecessor appointed a talented and virtuous person to succeed him when he stepped down. Yu also appointed Gao Tao, chief of Yan, to succeed him, but Gao Tao died before Yu, so he appointed Bo Yi, chief of East Yi to succeed him.

After Yu's death, Boyi kept a ceremonial vigil for three years, but after that he was not appointed chief. Some say that Yu Ziqi killed Boyi and replaced him; others say that the tribe disobeyed Boyi and appointed Qi, who defeated Boyi and became the leader of all the departments. But the common denominator is that "the public realm" has become "the family realm".

Since then, the primitive society has entered the slave society, which is a great progress in history, but there are always different voices in the period of change. On the outskirts of the capital, You Hu Clan sent troops to ask Qi. The two sides fought against Yu Gan. Before the war, Qi declared that he was a "man of heaven", which was the origin of the later Zhou leaders calling themselves "Son of Heaven". With the support of the majority of the people, Qi soon won and the new slave society was further established.

During his reign, Qi replaced the titles of Gun and Yu as "Bo" with "Hou". In order to consolidate the authority of the tribal alliance leaders, he often fought wars with the Dongyi tribes.

Three, Taikang lost the country

Rev. After the death of minzhu namely after a child, naughty to arm, here the poor's chief (after) processing of skilled, seizes the political power under Xia Min support, minzhu so to escape Xun surname. This is the allusion to "Taikang lost the country".

Four, less rehabilitation country

After processing from a set of minzhu brother paraconic is king, but by his own will, bad paraconic after death, processing and its phase, phase soon to kiss summer Xun, pour the surname, and processing of egos. But he was also fond of hunting but lazy in politics and put the slippery recipe in power. HanZhuo by its out hunting killed after processing and his son, take the processing of wife, gave birth to two sons Yi and watering, watering the army after out Xun, pour the surname, and killed in the escape, but his wife has been pregnant, from the hole in the wall YouRengShi fled to his mother, and gave birth to children, less.

After Shaokang became an adult, Fu sent troops to kill and kill him. Shaokang fled to Youyu, whose leader married his second daughter to Shaokang and pulled out his field soldiers. Therefore, Shaokang used Luncheng as the base to recruit soldiers and develop production and plot to restore the kingdom. Fled to have by li's Xia Chen after learning, organized pour Xun, pour residual the support less beat HanZhuo kang, restored less kang title after the summer. At this point, the poor family of Dongyi, which had controlled the Central Plains for nearly a hundred years, was destroyed.

Five, Shang Tang destroyed Jie

Son of Xiao Kang, "Zhu" was succeeded to the throne. He moved the capital and organized his army to invade Dongyi. The Xia Dynasty reached its peak of development when its territory reached the coast of the Yellow Sea.

When Kong Jia succeeded to the throne, the history reported that he was "good at ghosts and spirits and immoral". His great-grandson Lukui (Jie) succeeded to the throne. He was belligerent and abusive, and his tribal relations with Fang were already broken. The Shang tribes were active in the east of Henan and the southwest of Shandong. In 1600 BC, Tang, the leader of the Shang tribes, took the opportunity to lead the tribes of Fang to attack Jie, which was defeated repeatedly. After the battle of Mingtiao was defeated again, Jie died on the mountain of Nanchao.

With the support of the Fang tribes, Tang became king in Bo and established the Shang Dynasty, which ended the Xia Dynasty. Behind most remain in the central plains, migrating south and go north , the families and local convergence, called the huns. At the end of the Spring and Autumn period, Confucius went to the State of Qi, which was founded by Yu's descendants, to investigate the Xia ritual. In Zhejiang Shaoxing Kuaiji Mountain Yuling village, its descendants are still Yu Shouling.