Fangshan World Geopark, the "Aboriginal" Community of Fangshan.
Rich geological relics and distinctive karst features.
Fangshan World Geopark is located at the junction of southwest Beijing and Hebei Province, spanning Fangshan District of Beijing and Laishui County, Laiyuan County and Yixian County of Hebei Province. including Zhoukoudian, Shihuadong, Shidu, Shangfang Mountain-Yunju Temple, Shenglian Mountain, Baihua Mountain-White Grass Bank, Yesanpo, Baishi Mountain eight parks.
Fangshan World Geopark records 3.5 billion years of geological evolution from Archean to Cenozoic, with complete stratigraphic sequences and precious geological relics.
The geological relic resources here are rich and unique, with recorded three stages of ancient human sites, magical and beautiful karst landforms, crystal bright karst cave landscape, unique structural features and extensive and profound historical accumulation.
Our ancestors, "Beijingers", chose to live here more than 700,000 years ago.
In such colorful and rich geological relics, the mountain landscape and cave wonders composed of carbonate rocks have become a very beautiful scenery in Fangshan World Geopark.
The park is covered with a large area of carbonate rock, accounting for more than 80% of the total area of the park.
These carbonate rocks include not only dolomite deposited in Proterozoic Jixian about 1.4 billion years ago, but also limestone formed in Cambrian and Ordovician about 446 million ~ 600 million years ago.
They have gone through hundreds of millions of years of geological vicissitudes to form magnificent cliffs of peak clusters.
Shidu karst wall mountain.
The karst peaks are majestic and the peaks are beautiful.
The surface karst landforms of Fangshan World Geopark are most typical in Fangshan Shidu, Shenglian Mountain, Yesanpo and Baishi Mountain in Hebei Province.
Within hundreds of square kilometers, there are distinct tectonic erosion karst landscapes, such as plate mountains, wall mountains, tower mountains, columnar mountains and so on.
Dolomite plate mountain in Shidu Park.
Seen from the front, it looks like a "peak cluster", but from the side, the "peak cluster" is close to the rock wall, just like a relief on the rock wall.
The karst valley of Yesanpo in the garden, with thousands of cliffs, two cliffs confronting each other and long and deep gorges, shows its magnificent amorous feelings of "male, dangerous, strange and secluded".
Lianzi Peak, the solitary Peak of Shenglian Mountain Park.
These surface karst landforms are very different from karst landforms in southern areas such as Guangxi and Yunnan.
The southern landform mountain line is graceful, the peak towering ridge is round, tall and straight beautiful, soft and beautiful, full of enchanting beauty; the northern geomorphic mountain cliff lines are straight, angular, steep, masculine, majestic and majestic.
Why is the surface karst landform here obviously different from that in the south of China?
This has an important relationship with their forming environment.
Karst landform is the surface features such as peak forest, peak cluster, peak column, valley and Tiankeng formed by soluble rock under the erosion and dissolution of surface water and groundwater, as well as underground landscapes such as hidden rivers, karst caves and their deposits.
Karst cave landscape.
The park not only has unique surface karst landscape characteristics, but also developed very karst landscape, such as Tianshengqiao, Gufeng and Fenglin and so on.
Tiansheng Bridge.
Karst caves gather together and underground palaces are gorgeous.
Fangshan World Geopark is the kingdom of karst caves, with nearly 100 karst caves, like twinkling stars, scattered in Shidu Park in the Juma River Basin and Shihuadong, Shangfang Mountain and Zhoukoudian in the Dashi River Basin.
In the cave, there are not only various and lifelike chemical deposition landscapes, but also strange and unpredictable niches, shellfish nests and other water-washed marks, which together constitute a colorful cave world.
Gorgeous art hall-Shihua cave group.
There are more than 30 karst caves in Shihua cave group.
Shihua Cave is composed of several branches and 7 layers of tunnels, with a length of more than 5000 meters.
There are huge stone curtain in the cave, rare moon milk stone, colorful stone shield, beautiful cave beads, exquisite stone flowers and other dazzling and colorful sedimentary landscape.
The landscape in the tunnel on the seventh floor also has its own characteristics:
The first layer tunnel is mainly dripping deposition, mostly dripping landscape such as large stone columns, stalactites and stalagmites.
Stone pillar.
The second floor is the kingdom of stone shield, with a large number of water deposition landscapes such as stone flag, stone mantle, stone shield, stone waterfall and so on.
Stone shield.
Stone waterfall.
On the third floor, there are some exquisite stone grapes, stone hair, stone pearls and other splashing water or spray landscape.
The 4th to 5th layers are growing chrysanthemum, stalactite, stalagmite and so on.
Stone flower.
Layer 6 ~ 7, mainly deposited embryonic sand and muddy scenery and underground riverbed.
The Silver Fox Cave, Water Cave and dry Cave in the Shihua Cave group crisscross. The discovered cave is about 5000 meters long, of which the 1000-meter hidden river winds its way, bringing people into a deep and quiet world.
The cave is famous for its exquisite inverted silver fox landscape.
Hang Silver Fox upside down.
Wonderful underground world-Xianqi Cave.
The cave is a connected structure of water and dry caves. The magnificent cave hall with a height of 98 meters is like an art hall. Hundreds of stone shields and mantles on the four walls form a natural art relief.
In the cave, clusters of stalagmites, stalactites, stone flowers, calcium plates, stone mantles, stone shields, and lifelike stone "rare birds" constitute a natural "art corridor".
Karst cave landscape.
Deep canyon cave-Sanqing Cave.
The hole is hidden in the mountains, and its mouth is only 2 square meters in size. Entering it is like walking in a dark canyon. The walls of the cave are steep and straight on both sides, with a height of tens of meters, with a maximum of 70 meters and 90 meters, while the width of the bottom is only 3 meters. It is a veritable "underground canyon".
Looking at the karst caves in Fangshan World Geopark, it can be called "Underground Karst Art Museum" because of its large number, complete types and dazzling landscape.
The cave group of Longgu Mountain, the home of ancient humans.
Zhoukoudian site is a famous world cultural heritage site and a park of Fangshan World Geopark.
Apes, early Homo sapiens and late Homo sapiens lived here about 70-18000 years ago.
The "houses" of these ancient humans are ape-man caves, new caves, hilltop caves and other caves on Dragon Bone Mountain.
Geological map of cave group development in Zhoukoudian-Shihuadong area.
Deep canyon cave-Sanqing Cave.
Hidden in the mountains, the entrance of the cave is only 2 square meters in size, and entering it is like walking in a dark canyon. The walls of the cave are steep and straight on both sides, with a height of tens of meters, with a maximum height of 70 meters and 90 meters, while the width of the bottom of the cave is only 3 meters. It is a veritable "underground canyon".
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