Austin Cayden

The Resilience and Evolution of Skyscrapers: Learning from the World Trade Center Tragedy

The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks had a far-reaching impact on the United States. Political differences seemed to disappear for a brief period of time, new security measures were put into place at airports all around the world, and thousands of families mourned the loss of loved ones. But one change that you probably didn't notice took place inside high-rise buildings - the elimination of spire tops on many of them. Prior to September 11th, spire tops were a common feature on many high-rise buildings throughout Manhattan. However, as a result of 9/11, this practice was discontinued in order to improve safety. But understanding what changed requires first understanding how the towers were originally designed.