3 Models of Communication

The three models of communication provide different perspectives on how communication functions. Let's explore each model and consider some examples that illustrate them:

Linear Model:

The linear model views communication as a one-way process where information is transmitted from a sender to a receiver without any feedback or interaction. This model assumes a clear and direct transfer of meaning.

For example, imagine a radio broadcast where a DJ shares information or plays music. The audience can listen and receive the broadcast, but there is no immediate opportunity for them to respond or provide feedback to the DJ.

Interactive Model:

The interactive model acknowledges the importance of feedback and two-way interaction in communication. It recognizes that communication is a dynamic exchange where both the sender and receiver participate actively.

A real-life example of the interactive model is a face-to-face conversation between friends. As one person speaks, the other actively listens and provides responses or asks questions. The conversation becomes an interactive process with continuous feedback and engagement from both sides.

Transactional Model:

The transactional model portrays communication as a simultaneous process where both the sender and receiver are actively involved. It emphasizes that communication is influenced by factors like culture, context, and individual experiences.

Consider a group discussion where multiple participants share their thoughts and ideas. As each person speaks, others listen, interpret, and respond. The communication becomes a transactional process, with messages being exchanged in various directions and the meaning evolving collectively.

It is important to note that these models offer simplified frameworks to understand communication dynamics and do not capture the full complexity of real-life interactions. Nonetheless, they serve as useful tools to examine different aspects of communication.

Linear Model:

The linear model of communication portrays communication as a one-way process where information flows in a straight line from the sender to the receiver. It assumes that there is a clear and direct transfer of meaning. In this model, there is no room for feedback or interaction.

Example: A public lecture. The speaker stands on stage delivering a speech, while the audience listens attentively. The information flows in one direction, from the speaker to the audience, without any immediate opportunity for feedback or interaction.

Interactive Model:

The interactive model of communication recognizes the importance of feedback and two-way interaction between the sender and the receiver. It views communication as a dynamic exchange where both parties participate actively, taking turns as senders and receivers.

Example: A phone conversation between two friends. As one friend talks, the other actively listens and provides feedback, sharing their thoughts and ideas in response. The conversation continues with each person taking turns as the sender and the receiver, allowing for a back-and-forth exchange of information.

Transactional Model:

The transactional model of communication emphasizes that communication is a simultaneous process where both the sender and the receiver are continuously encoding and decoding messages. It considers communication as a complex system influenced by various factors such as culture, context, and individual experiences.

Example: A group discussion. Multiple individuals engage in a lively conversation, sharing ideas, opinions, and experiences. As each person speaks, others listen, interpret, and respond. The communication flows in all directions, with constant encoding and decoding of messages, and the participants collectively shape the direction and meaning of the conversation.