8 Emerging Technologies and Challenges for Computer Recyclers

Computer recycling involves the disassembly of computers by computer recyclers into their individual components. Parts like plastic, glass, and precious metals are separated. Recycling of computers has gained popularity as people are increasingly recognizing the grave environmental issue of electronic waste. It is found in a study that in 2022, about 62 million tonnes of e-waste was generated. This amounts to around an 82% increase since 2010. It may increase by another 32%, and reach 82 million tonnes by 2030.

All this is because of the rapid advancement of technology. A major portion of this e-waste is computers. About 70% of e-waste is computer devices in a year. In such times, it is far more economical and beneficial for our environment to opt for recycling than manufacturing a new one.

What are the major challenges faced by computer recyclers today?

The 4 challenges computer recyclers must overcome are:

1. Limited Awareness Among Consumers :

Limited knowledge of proper disposal techniques among people is one of the major reasons leading to the stockpiling of tonnes of e-garbage. People may feel that discarding their computers in waste bins or charity is enough and correct. But, it is quite the opposite.

This is a clear indication to necessitate consumer awareness.

There should be campaigns that impart clear and accessible information on the importance of recycling electronic devices and the various drop-off options available for computers and electronic items. Having dedicated e-waste recycling centers or manufacturer take-back programs is the need of the hour today.

2. Absence of Proper Recycling Infrastructure:

Studies show India is the third largest producer of e-waste following China and the USA. But when it comes to infrastructure for recycling, the setup and types of equipment are below par compared to both countries.

This results in decreased efficiency in the recycling process and may lose the interest of businesses and consumers.

A report by UNCTAD confirms that India recorded the highest global growth in e-waste generation from screens, computers, and small IT equipment. A whopping 163% between 2010 and 2022.

3. Hazardous Substances in Computers:

Hazardous compounds including lead, mercury, and cadmium are found in many electrical gadgets. If not handled properly, these materials can be harmful to the environment and human health. Reducing these dangers requires developing safe computer recycling techniques and following hazardous waste management rules.

4. Transportation Problem:

Logistics is an aspect computer recyclers need to understand while thinking computer recycling. In India, we most rely on transporting e-waste to designated centers. But, there’s only a small number of accessible e-waste collection centers and recycling facilities. It may incur a lot of charges because of this. Building appropriate disposal centers is most needed today.

What are the emerging technologies for computer recycling?

Here are a 8 technological advancements that may change the future of computer recycling:

1. Automated Dismantling Using AI: Advanced robotics with the use of AI can disassemble electronic devices and sort components efficiently all while minimizing manual labor.

2. Advanced Sorting Technologies: Recycling efficiency can be improved by computer recyclers with innovations like advanced sensor systems (e.g., X-ray, infrared). The sensor technique pinpoints the valuable items from e-waste and leaves behind a pile of redundant.

3. Chemical Induced Processes: Precious metals are recovered through this process. It is an environment-friendly method and generally separates metal from e-waste which can’t be controlled with physical sorting.

4. Biotechnological tools: Bioleaching or biological leaching is when microbes secrete metabolites and improve the mobility of otherwise insoluble metals from e-waste. Their application can be seen in recovering PCBs, which are the main processing unit of electronic devices. This process is another sustainable alternative and involves the use of microorganisms.

5. Refurbishing and Recycling: These are two standard methods followed by computer recyclers for managing e-waste like computers. This promotes a circular economy too. There are digital platforms available for refurbishment and computer reprocessing.

6. Designing Easy to Recycle Products: Taking small steps like minimizing no. of components or connectors and following standard regulations while designing computers is going to make a big impact. It will be easy to disassemble and extract valuable materials once the shelf-life of a computer is over.

7. Data Wiping Using Secure Technologies: Many security breach concerns can come up if one’s confidential data falls into the wrong hands. It causes distress and people want to be sure that before recycling, their data is erased using secure tools. Some computer help platforms follow secure protocols before computer recycling.

8. Apps Focussed on Consumer Awareness: Many computer recyclers are now using digital platform to raise awareness and encourage responsible e-waste disposal. There are highly intuitive apps that share information about secure disposal methods and facilities.

Government Policies Play a Major Role

Government regulations have a major say in the computer recycling industry. They shape how it will develop in coming days. It is needed from the government to bring out policies and strategies that organize this industry and promote economic growth.

A draft regarding a new rule was proposed by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), India on 21st March 2023. It was about the average lifetime of products under the E-Waste (Management) rules, 2022. It was official on 1st April 2023. It directs producers to adhere to E-Waste management regulations and follow the recovery targets.

Conclusion

As we progress, India has to take major steps to combat the e-waste issue. Advancements in technology promise a brighter future for the old computers. Computer recycling is emerging to be the most sustainable solution for it. Recyclable designs, advanced sorting systems, and AI-enabled disassembly are new tools set used by computer recyclers to bring significant positive outcomes. They are more efficient in metal recovery and reduce environmental harm greatly. A huge boost to the economy can be experienced through the same. Plus, it will conserve resources in these challenging times, all while creating new job opportunities in this sector.