How to Navigate Sri Lanka's Cultural Triangle:

Sri Lanka is a beautiful island in South Asia, known as the pearl of the Indian Ocean. Famous for its natural beauty, Sri Lanka is also full of history and culture. Visitors who want to experience the country’s ancient history should begin by exploring its Cultural Triangle. The cities within this area were once ancient kingdoms, from which early Sinhalese civilisation grew. Here is a guide to exploring these cities:

Anuradhapura

The oldest city in the cultural triangle is Anuradhapura. It was once the capital of Sri Lanka, starting from the 4th century BCE, and spanning 1300 years. It is also considered one of the holiest sites in Buddhism, due to the Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi. This sacred tree is believed to have been a sapling of the original tree under which the Buddha achieved enlightenment.

Book Walkers Tours to explore the site. You will be blown away by the well-preserved ruins. View massive stupas and dagobas such as the Ruwanwelisaya and Abhayagiri. These structures were built to house relics of the Buddha and are not only amazing architectural feats but also display the engineering skills of ancient Sinhalese builders.

One of the highlights is the Jetavanarama stupa, the oldest dagoba in Anuradhapura and once the third tallest building in the world. The remains of the Royal Palace and monasteries provide a glimpse into the marvels of the civilisation that flourished here. Also, visit the reservoirs and tanks such as Tissa Weva which showcase the marvels of ancient irrigation systems.

Polonnaruwa

Visitors can book a tour in Sri Lanka which will take them to the most significant attractions in the cultural triangle, such as Polonnaruwa. The capital of Sri Lanka was moved to Polonnaruwa in the 11th century CE. It is considered to be one of the best-planned archaeological cities in Sri Lanka and is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site. This medieval Sri Lankan city displays the architecture, art, and culture of the period.

The inner citadel houses the Royal Palace, built by King Parakramabahu I. Although the palace now lies in ruins, tourists can visualise its magnificence. The Quadrangle is at the centre, with several historical structures such as the Vatadage - a circular relic house adorned with intricate carvings. One of the most notable landmarks in Polonnaruwa is the Gal Viharaya. This rock temple has four impressive Buddha statues carved from a single granite rock and portrays the Buddha in various poses.

Also head to the scenic Parakrama Samudra, a large artificial reservoir that is a wonderful example of hydraulic engineering.

Sigiriya

Sigiriya (Lion Rock), is another UNESCO World Heritage site, and one of the most iconic archaeological landmarks in Sri Lanka. Sigiriya is also known as the eighth wonder of the world. This massive rock fortress is believed to have been the residence of an ancient king named Kashyapa whose palace was perched at the very top. Towering 370 meters above sea level, it is set amidst thick jungles.

Once you climb the steep stone stairs, visitors can enter a gallery adorned with stunning frescoes of celestial maidens. The mirror wall is another famous attraction. It was said to have been highly polished in ancient times, allowing the king could see his reflection in it. The Mirror wall has many inscriptions and poems written by visitors to Sigiriya, with the oldest being from the 8th century CE.

The lion’s paw is the gateway to the ancient palace, situated at the summit. When you reach the top, admire the panoramic views as well as the gardens and pools which provide a glimpse into the ancient civilisation that flourished here.

Dambulla

The Dambulla Cave Temple is also known as Rangiri Dambulla, and is situated a few metres away from Sigiriya. This large complex of five ancient rock caves features stunning ceiling murals and statues that depict Jataka tales and events from the life of the Buddha. Nestled at the foot of a 150-meter high rock, these caves were once the hiding place of King Valagamba, during his exile from Anuradhapura in the 1st century BC.

The Dambulla cave temples are the largest and best-preserved of its kind on the island. Also take in the breathtaking views of the surrounding countryside when you visit.