Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy

Introduction to Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy

Put simply, psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy, or PAP, involves the use of carefully administered amounts of a psychedelic drug, such as psilocybin, while monitored by a professional. The goal is to create a heightened state of consciousness that allows for more profound and transformative experiences during therapy–producing results for the long run. Although it may sound unconventional, there is a growing body of scientific research supporting its use. Studies have shown that PAP can be effective in treating conditions such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, and addiction.

This approach to therapy is not new; in fact, it was first explored in the 1940s and reached its peak in the 60s before its research was banned by many governments. However, legalized in more recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in PAP and it has not disappointed.

The Default Mode Network

The default mode network, or DMN, is one of 7 of the brain’s large-scale networks. Its main purpose is keeping the other networks in order. In short, it develops largely throughout childhood and is responsible for more closed, but efficient, thought and information processing. Its activity can result in cognitive rigidity, or in other words, a fixed mindset–which is considered one of the main external causes of some mental health disorders. Psychedelics have the ability to temporarily silence the DMN allowing for increased creativity and a more open and accepting mindset. Now, while the overall effect of psychedelics may wear off, research suggests that after psychedelics, the DMN behaves differently. Its effect over the other brain networks reduces, and thus open-mindedness increases.

Suggestibility

Another of the interesting and, and in this case, easily recognizable characteristics of psychedelic drugs are their ability to enhance suggestibility. Suggestibility refers to an individual's ability to accept and act on suggestions from others. Psychedelic drugs have been shown to enhance suggestibility by lowering inhibitions and increasing openness to new experiences. In the context of therapy, this can be beneficial as it allows for more effective communication and a greater capacity to address underlying issues.

Neuroplasticity

To understand how PAP works, it's essential to understand the concept of neuroplasticity. Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to reorganize–to remap itself by changing neural connections, and forming new ones, throughout life. This means that the brain is not a fixed entity and can be reshaped through experiences. Change in neuroplasticity is thought to be the fundamental mechanism of depressive disorders. It is thought to be responsible for the birth, development, and death of these disorders; hence the importance of psychedelics’ ability in creating a state which may facilitate neuroplastic change.

How the DMN, Suggestibility, and Neuroplasticity go hand in hand

Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy aims to create transformative experiences that can lead to new neural connections and rewiring of the brain. By inducing a heightened state of consciousness along with increased suggestibility, individuals may be more open to exploring and processing difficult emotions and experiences that they may have previously avoided or have yet to uncover.

The DMN, suggestibility and neuroplasticity allow one to much more easily facilitate the understanding of the role unconscious influences may have played in the onset and development of one’s current state of health. Any call for action, upon understanding, may now be seen as necessary and even welcomed to an extent not previously experienced.

Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy in a Nutshell

Among the most significant results, psychedelic drugs can create a more profound and transformative experience; they can lead to long-lasting changes in behavior and thought patterns. By creating transformative experiences, individuals may be more open to exploring and addressing the underlying emotional and psychological issues that contribute to their mental health.

Among PAP’s unique experiences may include those of a mystical nature, as well as a change in one’s metaphysical position; both of which often correlate with positive and meaningful experiences and/or changes. Overall PAP’s aim is well rounded, long term results.

The Future of Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy in Medicine

Psychedelics are undoubtedly going to change the way we view various mental health disorders, psychologically and physically. Despite the promising results of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy, it is important to note that it is not currently legal in most parts of the world. Canada and Oregon are among the few offering psilocybin therapy. However, there has been a growing movement to legalize and regulate its use.

In the United States, organizations such as the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) are leading the charge in advocating for the legalization of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy.

The future of PAP in medicine has also been effective in treating physical conditions, such as chronic pain, suggesting its potential applications in medicine are vast. With relatively high levels of depression in recent years, it is likely that we will see an increase in its use, and with further research being conducted, hopefully a better look at how we can improve our current approaches, create new ones, and also expand the treatments available for a wider range of mental health conditions.