Royal Thai Army in Focus: The #กองทัพบก Trend and the Thai-Cambodian Border Crisis

The hashtag #กองทัพบก, which translates to "Royal Thai Army" in English, has been trending on X due to escalating tensions along the Thai-Cambodian border in July 2025. This trend reflects public and regional attention to a series of violent clashes between the Royal Thai Army and Cambodian forces, rooted in a long-standing territorial dispute. The conflict, centered around disputed border areas like the Ta Muen Thom and Preah Vihear temples, has led to significant military actions, diplomatic fallout, and civilian casualties. This essay provides a detailed examination of the #กองทัพบก trend, exploring the causes, developments, implications, and broader context of the Thai-Cambodian border conflict as of July 24, 2025, based on recent reports and posts on X.Background of the Thai-Cambodian Border DisputeThe Thai-Cambodian border dispute dates back over a century, primarily stemming from a 1907 map drawn during French colonial rule, which Cambodia uses to claim certain territories, while Thailand contests its accuracy. The most contentious areas include the regions around the Preah Vihear temple, awarded to Cambodia by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 1962, and the Ta Muen Thom temple, both located in the Dangrek Mountains along the 508-mile shared border. These disputes have periodically flared into violence, with notable clashes in 2008–2013, including a 2011 conflict that killed around 20 people. The current escalation, which began in May 2025 with the death of a Cambodian soldier in the Emerald Triangle (a tri-border area with Laos), has reignited nationalist sentiments and military tensions.
Recent Developments in July 2025The #กองทัพบก trend gained momentum following intense military clashes on July 24, 2025, near the Ta Muen Thom temple in Thailand’s Surin province and Cambodia’s Oddar Meanchey province. According to reports, the conflict erupted early Thursday morning when both sides accused each other of initiating hostilities. Thai authorities claim Cambodian troops fired first, using heavy weapons like BM-21 rocket launchers, targeting Thai villages and a hospital, resulting in at least 11 civilian deaths and one Thai soldier’s death. Cambodia, conversely, alleges that Thai forces violated a prior agreement by advancing on the temple and laying barbed wire, prompting a defensive response.
Thailand escalated its response by deploying an F-16 fighter jet, which bombed a Cambodian military target, marking a rare use of air power in the conflict. The Thai military also reported destroying two Cambodian regional military support units and capturing two Cambodian tanks near Sattahom. Cambodia condemned these actions as “reckless and brutal military aggression,” with former Prime Minister Hun Sen stating that two Cambodian provinces, Oddar Meanchey and Preah Vihear, were shelled by Thai forces. Both nations have since closed border crossings, downgraded diplomatic ties, and recalled ambassadors, with Cambodia expelling Thailand’s envoy and Thailand sealing its border to all travelers.
The Royal Thai Army has been at the forefront of these operations, with its actions driving the #กองทัพบก hashtag’s prominence. Posts on X highlight the army’s deployment of troops, drones, and armored vehicles, as well as its accusations of Cambodian violations, including the alleged use of landmines. A notable incident involved five Thai soldiers injured by a landmine on July 23, which Thailand claims was newly laid by Cambodia, a charge Cambodia denies, asserting that Thai forces planted the mines. The Thai army has condemned Cambodia for violating international law, including the Geneva Convention, by targeting civilians and using heavy weaponry indiscriminately.
Military and Diplomatic ResponsesThe Royal Thai Army, under the leadership of General Phana Khlaeoplotthuk, has taken a firm stance, announcing combat readiness and closing four border checkpoints, including Ta Muen Thom and Ta Krabey. The army’s deputy spokesperson, Colonel Richa Suksuwanont, emphasized that airstrikes targeted only military objectives, refuting Cambodian claims of civilian attacks. Thailand’s acting Prime Minister, Phumtham Wechayachai, stated that negotiations could only proceed after hostilities cease, rejecting Cambodia’s call for an urgent UN Security Council meeting. Cambodia’s Prime Minister Hun Manet, backed by his influential father Hun Sen, has appealed to the UN and the ICJ, arguing that Thailand’s actions threaten regional stability.
Both nations have reinforced their military presence, with Thailand deploying six F-16 jets and Cambodia mobilizing BM-21 rocket launchers. The Thai army has also accused Cambodia of using drones for surveillance, escalating tensions further when Thai forces shot down four unidentified drones over Chanthaburi province. Diplomatic efforts, such as a May 29 meeting between Thai and Cambodian army chiefs, aimed to de-escalate tensions, but these have largely failed, with Cambodia insisting on ICJ intervention and Thailand favoring bilateral talks through the Joint Boundary Committee.
Public Sentiment and Social MediaThe #กองทัพบก trend reflects a surge in nationalist sentiment in Thailand, amplified by the Royal Thai Army’s visible role in the conflict. X posts reveal a mix of support and concern among Thai citizens. For instance, a user (@majorbrainpain
) expressed pride in their son’s deployment with the Thai army, while others (@whattheppe
, @PolitlcsGlobal
) highlighted the escalating violence and its impact on civilians, including forest fires and damage to public infrastructure. Thai authorities have urged citizens to refrain from sharing sensitive information, such as images of refugee camps or military positions, to prevent aiding Cambodian forces. In Cambodia, Hun Sen’s social media posts have rallied nationalist support, urging citizens to trust the armed forces.
The conflict has displaced over 40,000 people, primarily in Thailand’s Surin, Si Sa Ket, and Ubon Ratchathani provinces, with evacuees seeking shelter in government centers. Cambodian residents, like farmer Chhan Rorn Yon in Preah Vihear, have expressed fear of further violence, with some taking refuge in pagodas. The human toll, including the deaths of an 8-year-old boy and a 15-year-old in Thailand, has intensified public outrage and fueled the #กองทัพบก trend as a symbol of Thailand’s military response.
Broader ImplicationsThe Thai-Cambodian border conflict has significant regional and political ramifications. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), chaired by Malaysia, has called for de-escalation, with Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim offering mediation. China, a key ally of both nations, has expressed concern and urged its citizens in Cambodia to avoid the border. The conflict risks destabilizing Southeast Asia, a region that values harmony under ASEAN’s 1976 Treaty of Amity and Cooperation.
In Thailand, the crisis has domestic political consequences. Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra faces criticism for her handling of the dispute, particularly after a leaked phone call with Hun Sen suggested leniency toward Cambodia. This has led to her suspension and calls for resignation, with nationalist groups and coalition partners accusing her of undermining the Royal Thai Army’s authority. The conflict also highlights the fragility of Thailand’s coalition government, strained by historical ties between the Shinawatra family and Cambodia’s Hun family.
Challenges and Future OutlookThe #กองทัพบก trend underscores the Royal Thai Army’s central role in a conflict that shows no immediate signs of resolution. Historical disputes, nationalist fervor, and mutual accusations of provocation complicate diplomatic efforts. Cambodia’s push for ICJ adjudication contrasts with Thailand’s preference for bilateral talks, creating a stalemate. The use of heavy weapons, landmines, and airstrikes raises concerns about compliance with international law, with both sides alleging violations. The economic impact is also significant, with Cambodia banning Thai imports and Thailand restricting cross-border trade, affecting local economies and regional stability.
The conflict’s escalation, driven by military actions and amplified by social media, risks further civilian casualties and displacement. While ASEAN and international actors like China advocate for peace, the lack of trust between Thailand and Cambodia, compounded by domestic political pressures, makes de-escalation challenging. The Royal Thai Army’s combat readiness and Cambodia’s retaliatory measures suggest that the situation may worsen before improving, as noted by analysts like Phil Robertson and Thitinan Pongsudhirak.