Recognizing Endometriosis: Symptoms and Prevention Strategies

The endometrium is the tissue that lines the inside of the uterine cavity, undergoing changes in response to monthly hormonal fluctuations. If pregnancy doesn't occur, the endometrium sheds and exits the body as menstrual blood. However, sometimes endometrial cells migrate outside the uterine cavity, leading to endometriosis.

Understanding Endometriosis

Normally, the endometrium remains within the uterine cavity, but the uterus is not a sealed environment. Some endometrial cells may travel through the openings at the uterine corners and implant in areas like the ovaries, abdominal cavity, rectum, and bladder. During menstruation, these cells bleed, causing adhesions, inflammation, and masses that can impact nearby nerves and tissues.

The precise cause of endometriosis is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve genetic, immune, and hormonal factors. Retrograde menstruation, where menstrual blood flows backward into the abdominal cavity, is a key mechanism. However, only 10-15% of women develop endometriosis, suggesting that additional factors like immune system abnormalities are necessary for the disease to take hold.

Endometriosis is a common gynecological condition that affects fertility and causes symptoms such as dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation), painful intercourse, and irregular periods. Unfortunately, many people do not recognize these symptoms as related to endometriosis.

Key Symptoms of Endometriosis

Abdominal Pain and Dysmenorrhea

Dysmenorrhea is often the first sign of endometriosis, affecting up to 80% of women with varying degrees of pelvic discomfort. This pain usually begins 1-2 days before menstruation, lasting throughout the period and sometimes continuing for a few days afterward. It can manifest as dull, cramping, sharp, stabbing, or burning pain in the lower abdomen.

Pain During Intercourse

Endometriosis can cause inflammation, fibrosis, and adhesions in the pelvis, leading to deep aches during intercourse. This pain is distinct from that caused by congenital abnormalities or infections.

Infertility

Women under 35 who have been trying to conceive for over a year (or over six months if older than 35) without success may be facing infertility. If this is accompanied by severe dysmenorrhea, endometriosis could be the underlying cause.

Cyclical Localized Pain, Bleeding, and Masses

When endometrial tissue migrates to other body parts, it can cause pain similar to menstrual cramps in those locations. If a specific area of your body experiences pain in sync with your menstrual cycle, it warrants further investigation.

Other Symptoms

Endometriosis can affect bladder function, causing increased urgency, frequency, and pain during menstruation. Intestinal symptoms may include worsening diarrhea, constipation, and painful bowel movements during periods.

Seeking Medical Advice

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is essential to visit a gynecologist for an examination. Common diagnostic methods include ultrasound and laparoscopy. Ultrasound can detect enlarged uteruses, nodules, and ovarian cysts, while laparoscopy allows direct visualization of the pelvic organs, aiding in staging and scoring the disease.

Treatment Options

Prompt treatment is crucial for managing endometriosis, typically involving medication or surgery. Younger women in their reproductive years who wish to conceive may benefit from medications, including traditional Chinese medicine like Fuyan Pill, which can alleviate symptoms and improve fertility. For older patients with severe symptoms or large cysts, surgical treatment is generally recommended.

Case Study: Sasha's Journey

Sasha, a 30-year-old professional, noticed irregular menstruation and severe dysmenorrhea affecting her work. Diagnosed with endometriosis, Sasha's high-stress lifestyle, irregular diet, and late-night work were identified as contributing factors. Her doctor advised lifestyle adjustments, and after implementing these changes, her symptoms significantly improved.

Preventive Measures

1. Dietary Adjustments

A diet rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals is crucial for preventing endometriosis. Increase your intake of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and quality proteins while reducing high-fat, high-sugar, and processed foods. A diverse and balanced diet helps stabilize hormone levels and reduce risk.

2. Exercise

Regular exercise enhances overall physical fitness and immune function, helping prevent endometriosis. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week.

3. Avoid Sexual Intercourse During Menstruation

Avoiding sexual intercourse during menstruation can reduce the risk of retrograde menstruation.

4. Avoid Excessive Fatigue and Mental Stress

Chronic fatigue and stress can disrupt the endocrine system, increasing the risk of endometriosis. Learn to manage stress, maintain a positive mindset, and adopt a healthy lifestyle.

5. Regular Gynecological Check-ups

Regular check-ups can detect endometriosis early, allowing for timely intervention and treatment.