Essentials of Health Care in the First Month of Pregnancy

Fetal changes

　　 The first month of pregnancy is the fetal bud period, and the growth rate of new life during this period is the fastest in its life. The sperm and egg combine at the second weekend of pregnancy. About 4 days after fertilization, the sperm and egg split into cell masses to reach the uterus along the fallopian tube. In the third week, the cell mass shed its outer membrane to prepare for implantation. In the fourth week, the blastocyst has been firmly implanted in the uterus. Almost all prototypes of the fetal nervous system and blood circulation organs have appeared in this period. The liver has developed significantly since this period. The prototypes of the eyes and nose have not yet been formed, but the prototypes of the mouth and chin can already be seen and are connected to the mother's body. The umbilical cord also begins to develop from this period.

　　 changes in the maternal body

　　 One month of pregnancy refers to the four weeks from the beginning of the last menstrual period. During this period, the shape of the uterus did not change much, and it was the same size as when not pregnant, but the endometrium changed significantly. During this period, pregnant women can hardly feel any changes or abnormalities in their body, but some people also have symptoms such as weakness, fever or chills, or symptoms such as lethargy and weakness.

　　 pregnancy diagnosis

　　 Generally, people with a normal menstrual cycle should find a doctor to check if they are delayed for more than 10 days and are accompanied by vomiting, breast changes, skin changes, frequent urination, etc. Generally, pregnancy can be diagnosed after consultation, physical examination and internal consultation. If it is difficult to confirm the diagnosis, it can be combined with a urine test. However, if it is very early in pregnancy, not only is it difficult to find changes in physical examination, but it is also difficult to find chorionic gonadotropin in urine test.

Diet and nutrition

　　In the first month of pregnancy, the fetal nervous system, blood circulation organs, liver, and umbilical cord begin to develop. Ensuring rich nutrition can ensure the healthy development of brain cells and nervous system, so pregnant women must pay attention to diet and nutrition. First of all, we should pay attention to cultivating good eating habits, not picky eaters, not partial eclipses, and ensure comprehensive and reasonable nutrition. Protein, fat, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins and water should all be ingested. Different foods contain different substances. You should choose when you eat them. For example, animal foods contain more zinc and copper. Various beans, eggs, lean meat, fish, etc. are rich in protein. , Vegetables are rich in vitamins, kelp, seaweed, jellyfish and other foods contain more iodine, and tahini, pork liver, soybeans, and red fermented bean curd contain more iron.

　　 It should be noted that foods rich in vitamin B1 and vitamins should be consumed more to prevent constipation and aggravate the first pregnancy reaction. If necessary, vitamins or trace element preparations can also be taken in appropriate amounts, but supplementation should not be excessive. It is very important for pregnant women to supplement folic acid during pregnancy, especially during the first 3 months of pregnancy. Because folic acid is an essential nutrient for cell division and tissue formation, it participates in the synthesis of genetic material and plays a very important role in the growth and development of the fetus. Folic acid deficiency during pregnancy can easily cause birth defects in children, such as neural tube defects such as anencephaly and spina bifida. Anencephaly and spina bifida are common birth defects in my country. Neural tube malformations often occur in the 3rd and 4th weeks after conception. If the fetus has no cranium and part or all of the brain tissue is missing, it is anencephaly. If there is a crack in the spine and the bone marrow tissue inside is protruding, it is the spine. crack. Anencephaly infants often die in the womb before birth or within a few days after birth. Spina bifida infants often have lower limbs or brain problems. In recent years, many countries in the world have conducted a large number of studies on the etiology and preventive measures of neural tube defects. Research results show that supplementation of folic acid before and during pregnancy can reduce the incidence of neural tube defects by at least half. A large number of studies have shown that about 30% of women of childbearing age in my country are deficient in folic acid. Therefore, experts believe that women of childbearing age should take 0.4 mg of folic acid every day, especially from the first 3 months of pregnancy to the first 3 months of pregnancy, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of neural tube defects in children. When taking folic acid, it should be noted that the amount should not be too much. Too much folic acid can cover up vitamin B12 deficiency, which can cause irreversible nerve damage. At the same time, excessive intake of folic acid can interfere with the absorption and utilization of zinc, and also lead to fetal development disorders. Therefore, taking folic acid should not exceed 1 mg per day. For pregnant women, while properly supplementing folic acid, they should also pay attention to eating more foods rich in folic acid every day, such as liver, kidney and other animal organs, eggs and green leafy vegetables, beef, cauliflower, etc.

During this period, pregnant women often have different changes in their dietary preferences, such as fear of smelling greasy tastes and preference for sour foods, so they should pay attention to matching in their diet, eat small amounts and eat more, eat less fishy foods, and have a light taste Mainly, and pay attention to eating an appropriate amount of sour food to increase the appetite of pregnant women, but should avoid drinking strong tea, strong coffee and cola-type beverages, plain water is the most ideal. Many first-time pregnant women wake up and vomit in the morning, which is often caused by an empty stomach. Putting some food on the bedside and waking up in the morning can relieve nausea symptoms. Such as frequent vomiting should pay attention to add water to prevent dehydration, you can drink more water or eat some fruits, vegetables, milk, soups and other foods.