Breast Cancer- Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Health Desk - Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the second leading cause of death among women, after lung cancer. Breast cancer is defined as abnormal cell growth lining the breast lobules or ducts. These cells proliferate uncontrollably and have the potential to spread to other parts of the body. Breast cancer can affect both men and women, although men are less likely to develop it.

It is usually defined by the word "C"; A word that is a cause of concern for all. For women, breast cancer is a big problem. The mortality rate is increasing due to late detection of breast cancer cases. Much has to be done to spread awareness in most of the developed and developing countries.

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Mutations in genes cause uncontrolled growth of breast cells, which no population or breed can survive. In the worldwide statistics shown by WHO on breast cancer cases, it is stated that it is the most common form of cancer in women. Countries in Africa and the Middle East had lower rates of cases than in North America and Europe; however, survival rates have varied.

Unfortunately it needs to be noted that although the rate of cases is low in Africa and the Middle East, the survival rate is low compared to other parts of the world. Early detection and lack of awareness have been seen as the main reasons for reducing the survival rate. This problem is made more difficult with rising rates in developing countries.

Healthcare providers and physicians are relied upon to raise awareness about breast cancer. The month of October is “Breast Cancer Awareness Month” and we at Apollo Hospitals believe that it is our responsibility to do our bit to spread this message.

What is breast cancer?

Breast cancer is the uncontrolled growth of breast cells. Usually by penetrating the lobules and milk ducts, they invade healthy cells and spread to other parts of the body. In some cases, breast cancer can also affect other tissues of the breast.

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What are the causes of breast cancer?

The exact causes of breast cancer are unknown, but the major risk factors are known. Nonetheless, most women considered to be at high risk for breast cancer do not develop it, and many do without any known risk factors. Risk factors for breast cancer include the following:

Older age

Smoker

History of cancer or benign (noncancerous) breast disease

Inheritance of mutations in BRCA2, BRCA1 genes and increased risk of breast cancer

Dense breast tissue

Women who do not carry a full-term pregnancy or have their first pregnancy after age 30 have a higher risk of breast cancer.

A woman who has had breast cancer once has a higher risk of getting cancer again.

Reproductive history, resulting in increased estrogen exposure. Taking hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms. Radiation treatment to the breast or chest.

What are the risk factors for breast cancer?

There are many recognized risk factors for breast cancer in women.

Family History.

Mutations in genes such as BRCA1, BRCA2 and P53.

Long-term exposure to endogenous estrogen.

Premature first menstruation.

Late menopause

Contraceptive pill.

Hormone replacement therapy.

Other lifestyle risk factors include alcohol use, physical inactivity, obesity, and short periods of breastfeeding.

Breast cancer is classified into stages 0, IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, and stage IV. Each stage represents the spread of cancer, with the last stage representing metastasis to other parts of the body. The final stage is very dangerous and the chances of survival are slim.

It is very important for women to know the early signs and symptoms of breast cancer so that the survival rate can be increased and cancer can be avoided completely.

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Following are five warning signs that may indicate breast cancer that no one should ignore.

1. Lump or wart in breast-

This is one of the most common symptoms seen in cases of breast cancer. Lumps in the breast should be examined, even if the lumps are tender.

2. Swelling of the entire breast or any part-

Any kind of swelling in a part of the breast or the whole breast is a problem. Although it can also be caused by a condition such as infection or pregnancy, it is important to investigate whether there are other symptoms such as skin irritation and/or dimpling of the breast. A self-breast exam will help to check for any abnormal changes. If this happens, women should contact the doctor immediately.

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