Cough in Children: Causes, Types, and Treatments

Coughing is a natural response to irritation in the respiratory tract of children, often linked to infections or allergies. When productive (wet), it helps eliminate mucus from the bronchi and trachea. The use of cough suppressants (antitussives) in children should ideally be supervised by a doctor.

What is Cough in Children?

Cough is not a disease but a symptom caused by irritation in the throat, trachea, bronchi, or sometimes as a reaction to ear problems. Many childhood illnesses are accompanied by cough, such as:

• Rhinopharyngitis
• Laryngitis
• Bronchitis and bronchiolitis
• Asthma and respiratory allergies
• Whooping cough
• Measles
• Flu

Inhaling a foreign object can also cause repeated coughing fits. Irritants like gases or dust may similarly trigger coughing.

Types of Cough in Children

Children's coughs are divided into two main types:

• Dry cough: No mucus production.
• Wet (productive) cough: Produces mucus and helps clear airways, aiding recovery.

Cough can be acute, such as with rhinopharyngitis, or chronic, such as with allergies. Wet coughs may sometimes cause vomiting. Nighttime coughing can disrupt sleep and become exhausting for the child.

What You Can Do for a Child's Cough

• Sit your baby in an upright or semi-upright position.
• Avoid smoking indoors.
• Humidify the air with water containers or a humidifier.
• For children over three years old, let them inhale steam by placing their face over a bowl of hot water covered with a towel.
• If tolerated, rinse their nose and throat with saline solution using sprays or single-dose vials.
• For hoarse coughs, create a humid atmosphere in the bathroom by running hot water on the bathtub walls and sitting with your child in the moist air while comforting them on your lap.
• Encourage frequent drinking to keep them hydrated.

What Does the Doctor Do for Cough?

The doctor examines the infant or child for signs of fever, inspects their throat, and listens to their lungs. If necessary, they may request blood tests or chest X-rays.

A wet cough that is well-tolerated by the child is often beneficial. Medications to reduce or suppress coughing (antitussives) are prescribed only if the cough significantly disrupts the child's well-being, such as causing difficulty sleeping, pain, or repeated vomiting. For severe bronchial congestion or suspected bronchiolitis, the doctor may recommend respiratory physiotherapy sessions to help clear mucus.

Treatments for Children's Cough

Simple non-medication measures should be prioritized when managing a child's cough:

• Perform nasal washes with saline solution if the nose is congested.
• Offer drinks regularly to keep them hydrated.
• Aerate their bedroom frequently.
• Avoid smoking at home.

The use of syrups for dry or wet coughs is not recommended for infants. Medical advice is always preferable before administering medication to children. If prescribed, treatment should not exceed three to five days.

Cough Medications for Dry Cough in Children

Medications used to calm dry coughs are antitussives that act on the nervous system to reduce the cough reflex. These include two main types:

• Antihistamine antitussives: Often used for allergy-related symptoms.
• Opiate-based antitussives: Prescribed only under strict medical supervision due to potential side effects.

Frequently Asked Questions About Cough in Children

When should I consult a doctor about my child's cough?

If your child's cough persists for more than three weeks, causes significant discomfort (e.g., sleep disruption), or is accompanied by fever or breathing difficulties, consult a doctor immediately.

Can I use over-the-counter syrups for my child's cough?

No. Over-the-counter syrups are generally not recommended for infants and young children unless prescribed by a doctor after evaluating the condition.

How can I soothe my child's nighttime coughing?

You can elevate their head while sleeping, humidify their room, and ensure they stay hydrated throughout the day to reduce nighttime coughing episodes.

Are steam inhalations safe for children?

Steam inhalations can be helpful for children over three years old but should always be supervised to avoid burns from hot water.

Is it normal for wet coughs to cause vomiting?

Yes. Wet coughs can sometimes lead to vomiting due to mucus buildup or intense coughing fits. However, if vomiting persists frequently, consult your doctor.