The Different Types of Partial Knee Replacement Procedures

Knee pain can significantly impact mobility and quality of life, often leading to the need for knee replacement surgery. While total knee replacement (TKR) is widely known, partial knee replacement (PKR) offers a less invasive alternative that preserves more of the natural knee structure. In PKR, only the damaged compartment of the knee is replaced with an artificial implant, leaving healthy areas untouched. This procedure is ideal for individuals with localized arthritis or injury.

Candidates for partial knee replacement typically have arthritis in one knee compartment, experience chronic pain, and haven't responded to non-surgical treatments. They also maintain good knee motion and ligament stability. PKR is often recommended for patients with osteoarthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, or avascular necrosis.

For a thorough evaluation and personalized treatment plan, consulting with the best orthopedic doctor in Nagpur is essential. A skilled specialist can guide patients in determining the most suitable procedure for their condition, ensuring the best possible outcome.

In the following sections, we will explore the different types of partial knee replacement procedures in detail, including when each is recommended, the benefits, and the recovery process.

Types of Partial Knee Replacement Procedures

Partial knee replacement procedures are categorized based on which part of the knee is affected by arthritis or damage. Since the knee has three main compartments—medial (inner), lateral (outer), and patellofemoral (front, near the kneecap)—the surgery is tailored to replace only the damaged section.

Each procedure offers unique benefits and is chosen based on the patient’s condition and severity of knee damage. The 4 types of partial knee replacement procedure are:

Medial Unicompartmental Knee Replacement

Medial Unicompartmental Knee Replacement is the most common partial knee replacement procedure, used when arthritis affects the inner (medial) compartment of the knee. The damaged cartilage and bone are removed and replaced with an artificial implant, preserving healthy tissue. This method results in faster recovery, improved knee function, and a more natural range of motion compared to total knee replacement.

Lateral Unicompartmental Knee Replacement

Lateral Unicompartmental Knee Replacement is performed when arthritis or cartilage damage affects the outer (lateral) compartment of the knee. Though less common than medial PKR, it offers similar benefits. The surgery replaces damaged cartilage with an implant, preserving healthy tissue. Patients benefit from less pain, faster recovery, and improved knee stability, making it ideal for those with strong ligaments and good alignment.

Patellofemoral Knee Replacement

Patellofemoral Knee Replacement is performed when arthritis affects the kneecap (patella) and the groove (trochlea). This procedure is ideal for patients with chronic pain in the front of the knee, especially during activities like climbing stairs or squatting. It replaces the damaged cartilage with an implant, providing pain relief and preserving natural knee function compared to total knee replacement.

Bicompartmental Knee Replacement

Bicompartmental knee replacement is performed when arthritis affects two compartments, typically the medial and patellofemoral or lateral and patellofemoral areas. This less common procedure replaces the damaged sections while preserving healthy tissue. It offers better mobility, quicker recovery, and a more natural feel compared to total knee replacement, making it ideal for patients with localized arthritis in two compartments.

Benefits and Risks of Partial Knee Replacement

A partial knee replacement procedure offers several advantages over total knee replacement. Since only the damaged portion is replaced, patients retain more of their natural knee, leading to better mobility, quicker recovery, and less post-surgical pain. The surgery is also less invasive, resulting in a lower risk of complications and a more natural knee function.

However, PKR is not suitable for everyone. Risks include implant failure, progression of arthritis in other compartments, and the possibility of needing a total knee replacement in the future. Careful patient selection is crucial for long-term success.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Recovery after a partial knee replacement procedure is generally faster than total knee replacement. Most patients can walk with assistance within a day and return to normal activities within 3 to 6 weeks. Physical therapy plays a crucial role in strengthening the knee, improving flexibility, and ensuring proper movement.

Patients are advised to avoid high-impact activities initially but can resume low-impact exercises like walking, swimming, and cycling. Swelling and discomfort are common but improve over time. Following the doctor’s guidelines and rehabilitation plan ensures a smooth recovery and long-term success.

Conclusion

In summary, partial knee replacement procedures are a great option for individuals suffering from localized arthritis, offering quicker recovery, less pain, and improved knee function. The choice of procedure—whether medial, lateral, patellofemoral, or bicompartmental—depends on the specific condition of the knee.

For anyone considering this surgery, it’s crucial to consult an experienced orthopedic specialist. Dr. Shekhar Laghvendu is highly skilled in performing partial knee replacements and can help determine the best treatment plan tailored to your needs. With the right care and guidance, patients can return to an active and pain-free lifestyle.