Climate Policy Under Scrutiny



### Introduction

The Biden administration has placed a significant emphasis on climate change, positioning it as a central pillar of its policy agenda. With the ambition to combat the climate crisis and transition the United States toward a more sustainable future, the administration has rolled out a series of green initiatives aimed at reducing carbon emissions, promoting clean energy, and achieving net-zero emissions by 2050. However, the path to implementing these policies has been met with a mix of successes, challenges, and opposition.

### Successes in Climate Policy Implementation

#### 1. Rejoining the Paris Agreement

One of President Joe Biden’s first actions upon taking office was to rejoin the Paris Agreement, signaling a renewed commitment to global climate efforts. This move was pivotal in restoring the United States' leadership in international climate diplomacy. By re-entering the accord, the Biden administration underscored its intention to work collaboratively with other nations to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius, with an aspirational goal of 1.5 degrees.

#### 2. The American Jobs Plan

The American Jobs Plan, unveiled in March 2021, is a comprehensive infrastructure proposal with a strong focus on green energy and sustainable development. The plan allocates billions of dollars towards modernizing the nation’s infrastructure, including the expansion of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, retrofitting buildings for energy efficiency, and investing in renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power. This initiative aims to create millions of jobs while simultaneously addressing climate change.

#### 3. Executive Actions and Regulatory Changes

The Biden administration has also utilized executive actions to advance its climate agenda. Key measures include:

- Revoking the Keystone XL pipeline permit, reflecting a commitment to reducing fossil fuel dependency.

- Setting ambitious targets for offshore wind energy, with a goal to deploy 30 gigawatts of offshore wind by 2030.

- Strengthening fuel economy standards for vehicles and implementing stricter emissions regulations for power plants and industrial facilities.

### Challenges Faced in Implementing Climate Policies

#### 1. Legislative Hurdles

Despite significant executive actions, the administration has faced considerable legislative hurdles in advancing its climate policies. The polarized nature of Congress, with a narrow Democratic majority in both chambers, has made passing comprehensive climate legislation challenging. Key components of the American Jobs Plan, particularly those related to climate and clean energy, have encountered opposition from Republicans and moderate Democrats concerned about costs and economic impacts.

#### 2. Legal Battles

The administration’s regulatory efforts have also been met with legal challenges. Several states, particularly those with economies reliant on fossil fuels, have filed lawsuits against federal regulations aimed at reducing emissions. These legal battles have the potential to delay or derail key climate initiatives, creating uncertainty and hindering progress.

#### 3. Economic and Social Considerations

Transitioning to a green economy presents economic and social challenges, including potential job losses in traditional energy sectors. The administration has emphasized the creation of new jobs in renewable energy and green infrastructure, but ensuring a just transition for workers and communities dependent on fossil fuels remains a complex issue. Balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability is a delicate act that requires careful planning and substantial investment in workforce development and community support.

### Opposition to Biden’s Climate Agenda

#### 1. Political Opposition

Political opposition to the Biden administration’s climate policies comes from multiple fronts. Many Republicans argue that the administration’s initiatives could harm the economy, increase energy costs, and threaten jobs in traditional energy sectors. They advocate for an energy policy that includes a mix of fossil fuels and renewable energy, emphasizing energy independence and affordability.

#### 2. Industry Pushback

Certain industry groups, particularly those within the fossil fuel sector, have mounted significant opposition to the administration’s climate policies. These groups argue that aggressive regulatory measures could stifle innovation, increase operational costs, and reduce competitiveness. Lobbying efforts by these industries aim to influence policymakers and shape the narrative around energy policy and economic impacts.

#### 3. Public Perception

Public perception of climate policies is varied, with opinions often divided along political lines. While there is broad support for addressing climate change, concerns about the economic implications of aggressive climate action persist. The administration faces the challenge of effectively communicating the long-term benefits of its policies, including job creation, public health improvements, and environmental sustainability, to garner widespread public support.

### International Implications and Cooperation

#### 1. Global Leadership

Rejoining the Paris Agreement and participating in international climate forums have positioned the United States as a leader in global climate efforts. The Biden administration has actively engaged with other nations to enhance climate ambition, secure commitments, and drive collective action. This leadership is crucial in encouraging other major emitters to adopt more ambitious climate targets and collaborate on technological innovations and climate financing.

#### 2. Climate Diplomacy

Climate diplomacy has become a cornerstone of the administration’s foreign policy. By integrating climate considerations into trade agreements, development aid, and diplomatic engagements, the administration seeks to promote global sustainability. Initiatives such as the U.S.-China Climate Agreement and the Global Methane Pledge illustrate the administration’s commitment to leveraging international partnerships to tackle the climate crisis.

### The Road Ahead

#### 1. Strengthening Domestic Policies

To achieve its climate goals, the Biden administration must continue to strengthen domestic policies and secure legislative victories. This includes pushing for the passage of comprehensive climate legislation, such as the Build Back Better Act, which encompasses significant investments in clean energy, climate resilience, and environmental justice. Additionally, the administration should prioritize regulatory measures that drive emissions reductions while providing economic opportunities and protecting vulnerable communities.

#### 2. Fostering Innovation and Technology

Innovation and technology will play a critical role in the transition to a green economy. The administration should support research and development in clean energy technologies, including advanced battery storage, carbon capture and storage, and next-generation renewable energy systems. Public-private partnerships and investment in emerging technologies can accelerate the deployment of sustainable solutions and position the United States as a global leader in green innovation.

#### 3. Enhancing Public Engagement

Effective public engagement is essential for building broad-based support for climate policies. The administration should prioritize transparent communication, highlighting the benefits of climate action and addressing concerns about economic impacts. Engaging with communities, businesses, and stakeholders through public consultations and educational campaigns can foster a sense of shared responsibility and collective action in addressing the climate crisis.

### Conclusion

The Biden administration’s green initiatives represent a bold and ambitious effort to address the climate crisis and transition the United States toward a sustainable future. While significant progress has been made through executive actions and regulatory changes, legislative hurdles, legal battles, and economic considerations present ongoing challenges. Opposition from political, industry, and public spheres underscores the complexity of implementing comprehensive climate policies. However, through continued domestic efforts, international leadership, and fostering innovation, the administration can advance its climate agenda and contribute to global efforts to combat climate change. The road ahead is challenging, but with sustained commitment and collaborative action, the Biden administration’s vision of a green and resilient future can become a reality.