Why Do We Celebrate Republic Day

Republic Day, celebrated on 26th January, is one of India’s most significant national holidays. It marks the day when the Constitution of India came into effect in 1950, replacing the Government of India Act, 1935 as the governing document of the country. This day symbolizes the transition of India into a sovereign, secular, and democratic republic.

1. The Historical Background

• India's Struggle for Independence: For nearly two centuries, India was under British colonial rule. The Indian independence movement, spearheaded by leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, and many others, led to the end of British rule on 15th August 1947. However, India still lacked a constitution and functioned under the colonial Government of India Act, 1935.
• Drafting the Constitution: To establish India as an independent and democratic nation, a Constituent Assembly was formed on 9th December 1946. Under the leadership of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the Drafting Committee worked tirelessly for nearly three years to create a comprehensive constitution.
• Adoption of the Constitution: On 26th November 1949, the Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution of India. However, it was decided to implement it on 26th January 1950, to honor the Purna Swaraj Declaration made on 26th January 1930, during the Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress.

2. Significance of 26th January

The choice of 26th January as Republic Day was not random. This date holds historical significance as the day in 1930 when the Indian National Congress officially declared Purna Swaraj (complete independence) from British rule. The adoption of the Constitution on this day reaffirmed India's commitment to self-rule and democracy.

3. Core Values of Republic Day

• Sovereignty: On Republic Day, India declared itself free from external control, with the people holding supreme power.
• Democracy: The Constitution established India as a democratic republic, where citizens have the right to choose their representatives through free and fair elections.
• Secularism: The Indian Constitution ensures that the state does not favor or discriminate against any religion, promoting unity in diversity.
• Justice, Liberty, and Equality: The principles enshrined in the Preamble of the Constitution reflect the aspirations of the Indian people.

4. How Republic Day Is Celebrated

Republic Day is celebrated with grandeur and patriotic fervor across the country. The most iconic celebrations take place in the national capital, New Delhi:

Parade at Rajpath

• The Republic Day parade at Kartavya Path (formerly Rajpath) is the highlight of the celebrations. It showcases India's cultural diversity, military strength, and achievements in various fields.
• The parade begins with the President of India unfurling the National Flag and the national anthem being played.
• Contingents from the Army, Navy, and Air Force march in synchronization, displaying their discipline and valor.
• Cultural tableaux from different states exhibit the rich heritage of India.

Felicitation of Heroes

• On Republic Day, Gallantry Awards such as the Param Vir Chakra, Vir Chakra, and Ashoka Chakra are presented to soldiers and civilians for their exceptional bravery and service.

Flypast by the Indian Air Force

• The event concludes with a spectacular flypast by the Indian Air Force, featuring advanced fighter jets and helicopters.

State-Level Celebrations

• Across all Indian states, governors hoist the national flag, and schools, colleges, and communities organize cultural events and flag-hoisting ceremonies.

5. Why Republic Day Matters Today

Republic Day is not just a public holiday; it is a reminder of the sacrifices made by countless freedom fighters and leaders who envisioned an independent India. It emphasizes the following:

Unity in Diversity

India is a land of multiple languages, religions, and cultures. Republic Day reinforces the idea that despite these differences, we are united as one nation under a common Constitution.

Respect for the Constitution

The Constitution is the backbone of India's democracy. Republic Day reminds every citizen of their rights and duties, promoting awareness and respect for this document.

Strengthening National Pride

The celebrations instill a sense of pride and patriotism among citizens, encouraging them to contribute to the nation’s development.

Promoting Equality and Justice

Republic Day serves as a reminder of the values enshrined in the Constitution, urging citizens and leaders to uphold justice, liberty, and equality.

6. Interesting Facts About Republic Day

• Longest Written Constitution: The Indian Constitution is the longest written constitution in the world, with 448 articles in 22 parts, 12 schedules, and 118 amendments (as of 2025).
• First Republic Day: Dr. Rajendra Prasad took the oath as the first President of India on 26th January 1950.
• Beating Retreat Ceremony: Held on 29th January, this ceremony marks the conclusion of Republic Day celebrations. It features performances by military bands and concludes with the lowering of the National Flag.

7. The Role of Citizens

Republic Day is a celebration of the people of India. As citizens, it is our responsibility to uphold the values of the Constitution by:

• Respecting the rights of others.
• Performing our duties diligently.
• Promoting harmony and unity.
• Participating actively in the democratic process.

8. Challenges in Living the Republic Day Spirit

While Republic Day is a day of pride, it also calls for introspection. Challenges like corruption, inequality, and social injustice persist in the country. Addressing these issues requires collective effort from both citizens and leaders to ensure that the ideals of the Constitution are fully realized.