"Mohenjo-Daro"

- In the vast and ancient land of the Indus Valley, where mighty rivers flowed and civilization flourished, stood the magnificent city of Mohenjo-Daro. It was a long time ago, more than 4,000 years in the past, when this great city flourished with life, culture, and trade. Let me take you on a journey back in time to experience the wonders of Mohenjo Daro.

- Mohenjo Daro, located in present-day Pakistan, was one of the earliest and most advanced urban settlements of its time. The city was planned with well-ordered streets, orderly neighborhoods, and an extensive system of drainage and water supply. Its citizens enjoyed a high standard of living, reflecting a society that valued order, cleanliness and beauty.

- As the sun rose over the towering buildings of Mohenjo Daro, the city buzzed with energy. The streets were bustling with traders, artisans and farmers carrying goods to the markets. Citizens, dressed in colorful clothes made of fine cotton, mingled with each other, engaged in lively conversation and exchanging news and stories.

- In the center of the city stood the Great Bath, a huge pool built with intricate brickwork. It was a place of communal gathering and relaxation, where people came to bathe, socialize and escape the heat of the day. The bathhouse was surrounded by ornate buildings and staircases, decorated with sculptures and carvings depicting scenes of daily life and ancient rituals.

- Beyond the Great Baths, the city opened up with its residential quarters, each consisting of multi-storied houses built of paved bricks. Houses had flat roofs that provided open spaces for social gatherings and recreation. The citizens of Mohenjo Daro valued privacy, as evidenced by the presence of small courtyards and private wells inside the houses.

- Trade flourished in the city, bustling markets filled with a variety of goods from near and far. Traders brought precious metals, gems, spices, cloth, and pottery from distant lands, while local artisans displayed their craftsmanship through intricate jewelry, pottery, and metalwork. Mohenjo Daro became a center of economic activity, attracting traders and pilgrims from all over the region.

- The people of Mohenjo Daro were not only skilled traders but also pioneers in many fields. They had an advanced system of weights and measures, indicating their mastery of mathematics and commerce. They developed a sophisticated script, known as the Indus script, which is incomprehensible to this day, and has left a great mystery for future generations.

- Art and culture flourished at Mohenjo Daro, as evidenced by the beautifully crafted seals discovered in the archaeological excavations. These seals depicted various animals, gods and mythical creatures, indicating a rich religious and mythological tradition. The people of Mohenjo Daro worshiped their deities through elaborate rituals and ceremonies, seeking blessings and protection for their community.

- However, despite its grandeur and prosperity, the story of Mohenjo Daro took a tragic turn. Around 1900 BC, a catastrophe befell the city. The mighty Indus River, on which Mohenjo Daro depended for its livelihood, changed its course, causing devastating floods. These catastrophic events, combined with other possible factors such as climate change and social unrest, eventually led to the decline and abandonment of the once great city.

- Mohenjo Daro, once a thriving center of civilization, gradually disappeared into the sands of time. It remained lost to the world for centuries until it was rediscovered by archaeologists in the 1920s. The ruins of Mohenjo Daro, with their well-preserved structures and artifacts, have provided valuable insight into the ancient Indus Valley Civilization and its remarkable achievements.

Mohenjo today