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History of the Philippines
The history of what is today The Philippines started with the arrival of its first humans. It is believed they used rafts or boats around 60,000 years ago, with groups of diverse people settling in the archipelago. Some of these groups started to develop and expand into bigger settlements and in the next thousands of years, they evolved into what some scholars believe to be considered early states. Austronesians and, afterward, speakers of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, began to arrive in successive waves beginning about 4000BC. According to the existing evidence, a jade culture existed on these lands, starting with the Neolithic era. By 1000 BC, it is believed that the inhabitants of the archipelago had developed into four distinct kinds of peoples: tribal groups, warrior societies, petty plutocracy, and harbor civilizations. Also important to note is the fact that metallurgy reached the archipelago due to trade with India. Around 300–700 AD, the seafaring peoples of the islands began to trade with the Indianized kingdoms in the Malay Archipelago and the nearby East Asian principalities, adopting influences from both Buddhism and Hinduism. Some cultures of present-day Vietnam showed evidence of an extensive trade network. Artifacts and goods were traded such as glass, agate, or gold. There were also other items present in the region that were most likely imported, including ear ornaments that have been found in archaeological sites in the Philippines,Thailand, and Taiwan. The Indian culture influenced The South East Asian region starting with 1st Century AD. During the period of the south Indian Pallava dynasty and the north Indian Gupta Empire, Indian culture spread to Southeast Asia, and it reached the Philippines, which led to the establishment of new kingdoms largely influenced by Indian culture and traditions. The date inscribed in the oldest Philippine document found so far, the Laguna Copperplate Inscription, is 900 AD. From the details of the document, written in Kawi script, the bearer of a debt, Namwaran, along with his children, is cleared of a debt by the ruler of Tondo. It is the earliest document that shows the use of mathematics in pre-colonial Philippine societies. A standard system of weights and measures is also demonstrated by the use of precise measurement for gold and other items, as well as in astronomy.
By IF Media2 years ago in History
Drawing Day
May 16th is Drawing Day, and the best way to mark the occasion is to express oneself via drawings of everything and everything. Did you know that the art of sketching has a strong connection to our past? On the walls of their caves, even non-verbal cavemen drew hunting scenes. A simple notepad and pencil or a tablet and stylus are just two examples of the many contemporary instruments available to us today that may help us make incredibly realistic and creative drawings.
By SUGANYA R2 years ago in History
Wear Purple for Peace Day
A unique celebration known as "Wear Purple for Peace Day" invites people to embrace harmony and peace. It encourages people from all walks of life to wear purple as a harmony symbol. Celebrated on May 16th every year, it's a subtle reminder of the power we have when we band together for peace.
By SUGANYA R2 years ago in History
Behind South China Sea dispute. Content Warning.
Let’s talk about the fight over the South China Sea. It’s rich in oil and gas, there are loads of fish and the shipping lanes are some of the busiest in the world. China wants control of it. But other countries say they have rights to it too. And the Americans — well they have trade routes through there worth hundreds of billions of dollars. So what’s behind China’s claim over these waters? Why won’t it share? And could it all lead to war? China has been a land-based power for millennia so it’s never had much of a navy so it’s never had much of a navy until now. Today China wants to be a naval force across two oceans the Indian and the Pacific. That’s to make sure it can trade with the rest of the world and get enough oil and gas to drive its economy. And to do that Beijing wants to control the South China Sea. But there’s a lot of competition. Taiwan, for one, claims many of the same rights that China does. Then there’s Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei they want to protect their turf whether it’s rights to islands, seabed oil or fishing grounds. Indonesia’s in there too. And the Americans want to protect those valuable shipping lanes. So no shortage of players. The question is how is this all going to be resolved? And then there’s the third option which involves pushing some kind of compromise between China and its neighbours. Countries like Taiwan and others that are members of ASEAN have tried. But no one expects that to go anywhere anytime soon because China knows what it wants. And it’s been working towards that for a long time. We’re talking about China’s nine-dash line. Back in 1929 the Chinese took a bunch of old British sailing charts and told cartographers to draw China’s borders. One of them drew nine dashes around the entire South China Sea. And as far as the Chinese were concerned that was that. So then in 2013, China added a tenth line to take in Taiwan. So then in 2013, China added a tenth line to take in Taiwan. Its appetite seems to be growing. It’s easy enough to understand why China wants control when you look at the numbers. Around 40% of the world’s liquefied natural gas passes through the South China Sea — from the Gulf through the Indian Ocean and onto places like China. The amount of trade that sails through there is worth $3 trillion a year — one-third of the world's total. So there’s an expression in Latin that goes: If you want peace prepare for war. Now China has no immediate interest in war but it wants to ensure its access to the South China Sea if it comes to that. In the west, the main shipping lane from the Indian Ocean narrows to just 3 km. And it’s surrounded by American allies. In the east, there’s Taiwan which has tonnes of American weapons and could block China from getting to the Pacific. So to help stake its territorial claim China has planted its flag on contested islands that are in those waterways. In the Paracels China’s built a bunch of outposts while in the Spratlys it’s added over 13 sq km of reclaimed land since 2013 and turned them into military bases. It may be unacceptable to the Americans but neither the Obama nor the Trump administrations are seen to have accomplished much.The US’ main way of asserting navigational rights and freedoms is by having its navy sail through the South China Sea. It also conducts military exercises in the region sometimes with warships from France, Japan and Australia in the Bay of Bengal. In July things got a bit hairy. The Chinese and Americans both held naval exercises in the South China Sea. The US sailed in with two aircraft carrier strike groups. And the Chinese accused the Americans of escalating things. Before the US elections, the Trump team gave it one last shot — with mixed results. What everyone’s been trying to do is get China to obey the law — namely the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. The law establishes what are called exclusive economic zones. These extend 200 nautical miles out from a country’s coastline regardless of whether it’s the mainland or an island. And China signed up to that law. So the Philippines did the only thing it could. It took China to court. One of the big issues was fishing rights. In 2013 the Philippines argued that China had no right to the Scarborough Shoal. It filed a case against the Chinese with an international tribunal at The Hague. Judges ended up siding with the Philippines. Remember China’s territorial claim based on that nine-dash line? Well in 2016 the court concluded that it’s invalid. Since the 1990s ASEAN that association of South Asian countries has tried to cobble together a Code of Conduct for the South China Sea. The idea was to control China’s ambitions. China hadn’t shown much interest in a code back then. But after losing the case with the Philippines the Chinese started to push for one. However, some in ASEAN questioned their motives. There’s another problem. Not everyone in ASEAN is eager to offend a country as powerful as China. Vietnam has repeatedly butted heads with China over their competing claims. This year’s ASEAN summit was hosted by Vietnam and a lot of it by video because of the pandemic. But the social distancing wasn’t expected to help delegates reach any agreements on the South China Sea. The problem with the South China Sea is that it’s vast and the stakes are high. There are a lot of heavily armed countries defending their interests there. And China’s coastguard as well as Chinese militia using fishing boats often cause confrontations on the open sea. Many analysts worry about all of that provoking a military response from someone. But strangely enough the whole dispute also sort of just bubbles away under the radar. The Chinese see the South China Sea as essential to their survival. The thing is it’s important to everyone there. That’s why this whole dispute isn’t going away. But China’s been around for thousands of years. If anyone is good at playing the long game, it’s China. As with all our Start Here episodes, this primer is to get us started. But there’s a lot more information out there to help us understand what’s going on in the South China Sea. As always subscribe wherever you’re watching this video and I’ll see you next week.
By IF Media2 years ago in History
A Brief Overview of Human History
Human History The history of humanity is a complex and fascinating tapestry of events, cultures, and individuals that have shaped the world we live in today. From the earliest civilizations to the modern era, human history is a story of triumphs and tragedies, of progress and setbacks, and of the enduring human spirit. In this article, we will take a brief journey through the key moments and developments in human history, from the dawn of civilization to the present day.
By Samson E. Gifted2 years ago in History
A Soldier of the Bourgnewian Kingdom
I never thought His Majesty would look upon me after all I am just a lowly soldier in his army. It was after the Battle of Pigs that I received the honor. The men fought valiantly and they were amazed at how much they had driven back the enemies of the kingdom. It was only a few of us men valiant men who fought the battle while others retreated and we were braved. And we had courage even though the battle did not look within our favor. We fought this war. We fought this battle. And we were willing to die for His Majesty and the kingdom. You see the Kingdom of Bourgnew was our home. It was our livelihood. And we were not gonna let anyone take that away from us. We believed in His Majesty. We believe in His wisdom and His sovereignty. And that's what I used to gathered the men. That they loved the Kingdom of Bourgnew and that they loved their homeland and are loyal subjects to His Majesty King Mattius. King Mattius guaranteed that he would give special benefits to those who fought valiantly. And that they would receive the King's Honors. And he was a man of his word and he had the grace and reputation to do so. And the government was behind him and his officials were loyal subjects. I fought bravely with the men. And we did not have much losses. We stood on the line and fought valiantly and we were not willing to fail or give up. We were of the highest order in our minds. And we were willing to die for our country and His Majesty. The enemies of the Kingdom begin to speak in our language but that did not detour us. We knew they were trying to mess with our heads and stop us from valiantly fighting. And we captured their leader and we captured their valiant men. And we chained them up and stripped them of all their glory. And we hauled them to our base and prison. When His Majesty heard the news, he came himself. He came to the front secretly and we did not know. We just assumed he was higher authority. And His Majesty was delighted at the courage of his men and he was delighted with their valiant. And he invited them after under-covering himself to the Royal Banquet. I Captain Leon Davidie was honored to serve for the king. And that night I got drunk and slept with a maiden. And she made me swear that I would not tell anyone. She was lovely like a princess, a Queen in my book. And I love every minute of her of seeing her she was just simply lovely. A few weeks later, it was heard that the King Mattius was in an uproar. His wife was rumored to be pregnant and some say she cheated on him. And so the King searched for her adulterer. And the bad lot fell upon my troops, all of us were interrogated and persecuted. And while in jail, I told my men that I would take the fall. Afterall I believe that princessly maiden could of been the Queen because she was just lovely. She was beautiful in every way and she had me to swear. And my men said all the women were lovely. All the women were beautiful. We cannot let you take the fall. We all will say. And I insisted No save yourselves. You have been loyal enough to me. You have saved my life over and over again. I will not let you fall for me. I am your Captain and this is my last command. And I spoke to the Guard, Sir I confessed. I slept with the Queen. And the Guard told his Captain and they moved me into solitary. And the men cried and they were distraught. The King interrogated me with the Queen. And the Queen proudly said I did not sleep with that man. And the King demanded that I tell the story. And I told the story about how I was drunk and a beautiful maiden that appear like the Queen slept with me. The Queen said Mattius do you know how old I am? Really do you know how old I am? I am only six years younger than you. How could I be a beautiful maiden then? Then the King said But did you sleep with someone else is my question? The Queen said Many people want a Queen, many people fantasy about royalty but my eyes and loyalty is to the King. The King regretted I know when my beloved is telling the truth. She acts like my mother. Released him and make him a general. And just then I was released and promoted by His Majesty King Mattius thanks to the Queen.
By Distinguished Honorary Alumni Dr. Matthew Primous2 years ago in History
The Development of Cricket
The Development of Cricket: Cricket, a game that rises above landmasses and societies, has a rich history going back hundreds of years. Starting in Britain, its development from a comfortable diversion to a worldwide treasured sport is a demonstration of its getting through claim. Dig into the intriguing story of cricket's initiation and development, investigating the critical figures and minutes that have molded its character.
By Nirob 2 years ago in History
" The Bible's Mysteries Revealed" . Content Warning. AI-Generated.
Understand what really happened in each generation of thousands of years of biblical mysteries. Is the Bible really the word of God or is it just a myth? Because there are people who say they don't believe the things in the Bible simply because of events that don't seem to make sense. And on this journey of knowledge, we're going to analyze what really happened with the 10 mysteries of the Bible. It doesn't matter whether the Bible has been read or not, the mysteries hidden in its scriptures can never be denied.
By Ricardo de Moura Pereira2 years ago in History
Echoes of Silence
Echoes of Silence: Grieving the Loss of Nature Maya stood on the edge of the meadow, her heart heavy with sorrow as she gazed upon the landscape that had once been teeming with life. The meadow, once a vibrant tapestry of colors and sounds, was now eerily silent, a stark reminder of the devastating impact of habitat destruction and climate change. For years, Maya had dedicated her life to studying and protecting the delicate ecosystems that thrived in this region. Now, all she could do was mourn the loss of what had once been. As a child, Maya had fallen in love with nature. She spent countless hours exploring the forests and meadows near her home, marveling at the intricate web of life that surrounded her. She had always been particularly enchanted by the meadow—a haven of wildflowers, buzzing bees, and fluttering butterflies. It was a place where she felt connected to something greater than herself, a sanctuary of peace and beauty. But over the years, Maya had watched with growing despair as the meadow began to change. The once-abundant wildflowers grew sparse, their vibrant hues fading as invasive species took root. The bees, crucial pollinators of the ecosystem, became a rare sight, their numbers dwindling due to pesticide use and habitat loss. The butterflies, with their delicate wings and graceful flight, disappeared one by one, victims of climate change and pollution. Maya's heart ached with each new loss. She remembered the joy she had felt as a child, chasing butterflies through the tall grass, their wings shimmering in the sunlight. Now, the meadow was a shadow of its former self, a barren landscape devoid of the life and energy that had once defined it. The silence was deafening, a constant reminder of the fragility of the natural world and the consequences of human actions. The emotional toll of witnessing the decline of the meadow weighed heavily on Maya. She felt a profound sense of grief and mourning for the species that had vanished, for the intricate relationships that had been disrupted, and for the beauty that had been lost. It was a grief that many conservationists and nature enthusiasts knew all too well—the deep, aching sorrow of watching beloved animals and ecosystems disappear before their eyes. Maya's mind often drifted to the memory of a particular species of butterfly that had once flourished in the meadow—the regal monarch. She recalled the awe she had felt watching their migration, thousands of delicate wings painting the sky in shades of orange and black. But now, the monarchs were gone, their population decimated by habitat destruction and climate change. The thought of their absence brought tears to Maya's eyes, a poignant reminder of the irreversible damage that had been done. Determined to make a difference, Maya dedicated herself to conservation efforts, working tirelessly to protect and restore the meadow and its inhabitants. She collaborated with local organizations, advocated for sustainable practices, and educated the community about the importance of preserving biodiversity. But despite her best efforts, the losses continued to mount, and the sense of helplessness grew. One particularly devastating day, Maya discovered that a small population of bees she had been monitoring had disappeared entirely. The hive, once bustling with activity, was now eerily silent. The loss hit her hard, and she found herself overcome with a wave of grief and despair. She knelt in the grass, tears streaming down her face, feeling the weight of the world pressing down on her shoulders. In her darkest moments, Maya questioned whether her efforts were in vain. She wondered if there was any hope left for the meadow, if it was possible to reverse the damage that had been done. But even in the depths of her sorrow, she found a glimmer of resilience within herself—a determination to keep fighting, to honor the memory of the species that had been lost and to protect those that remained. Maya's grief was not hers alone. She found solace and strength in the community of conservationists and nature enthusiasts who shared her passion and pain. Together, they mourned the losses, celebrated the victories, and supported one another in their shared mission to protect the natural world. Their collective resilience and determination became a beacon of hope in the face of overwhelming adversity. One day, as Maya was walking through the meadow, she noticed a small, fragile butterfly flitting among the flowers. Her heart swelled with a mixture of joy and sorrow as she recognized the familiar markings of a monarch. It was a rare and precious sight, a symbol of the resilience of nature and a reminder of the importance of her work. In that moment, Maya felt a renewed sense of purpose and hope. She knew that the road ahead would be long and challenging, but she was determined to keep fighting for the meadow and its inhabitants. She vowed to continue her efforts to restore and protect the delicate balance of the ecosystem, to educate others about the importance of biodiversity, and to honor the memory of the species that had been lost. Maya's journey was a testament to the emotional toll of witnessing the loss of biodiversity and the extinction of species. It was a story of grief and mourning, but also of resilience and hope. Through her unwavering dedication and passion, Maya found a way to honor the natural world and to make a difference, one small step at a time. As she stood in the meadow, watching the monarch butterfly dance among the flowers, Maya felt a deep sense of connection to the natural world and to the community of conservationists who shared her mission. In the face of loss and despair, she had found a way to keep moving forward, to find hope amidst the destruction, and to continue fighting for the beauty and diversity of life on Earth.
By VoidCipher2 years ago in History
Labor Day
Labor Day is a federal holiday in the United States celebrated on the first Monday of September to honor and recognize the American labor movement and the works and contributions of laborers to the development and achievements of the United States.[1][2][3]
By MD Ashik2 years ago in History
Egyptian Aliens
Giza Plateau, Egypt The Great Pyramid, the only surviving wonder of the ancient world, is undoubtedly one of the most mysterious buildings on Earth. Regarding its construction and intended use, countless theories have been proposed. The amount of mathematical knowledge encoded in the Great Pyramid has amazed researchers. Egyptologists have been fascinated by its exact measurements and placement because it is more precisely aligned to true north than any other structure on Earth, being within 1/360th of a degree. Given the Earth's gradual axis shift, or procession, this exact alignment raises the possibility that it was even more precisely aligned to true north when it was first built.
By Michael Maina2 years ago in History
"The Mysterious Plane Crash"
It was a typical summer evening when Flight 121, a Boeing 737, took off from New York's JFK Airport bound for Los Angeles. On board were 180 passengers and crew, all eager to reach their destination. But just hours into the flight, disaster struck. The plane suddenly plummeted from the sky, crashing into the dense woods of the Appalachian Mountains.
By Abbas2 years ago in History