History of the daulah Abbasiyah

## The Long History of the Abbasid Daula: Glory, Progress and Collapse

**Awakening and Golden Age (750-946 AD)**

The Abbasid dynasty, founded in 750 AD by the descendants of Abbas bin Abdul-Muththalib, uncle of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, marked a new era in Islamic history. Moving the capital from Damascus to the newly built Baghdad, the Abbasids built a vast and prosperous empire, stretching from Spain in the west to Central Asia in the east.

The golden era of the Abbasids (750-946 AD) was marked by brilliant achievements in various fields:

* **Political and Military:** Abbasid power reached its peak under the leadership of Harun al-Rashid (786-809 AD) and Ma'mun al-Rashid (813-833 AD), when their territory stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to Central Asia. Strong military power and political stability allowed rapid progress in other fields.
* **Economy:** Trade flourished along the Silk Road, connecting the Abbasids with the Eastern and Western worlds. Baghdad became a bustling center for trade and exchange of ideas. This prosperity drives population growth and urbanization.
* **Science and Culture:** This period witnessed the intellectual glory of Islam. Abbasid scientists translated and developed scientific works from Greece, Persia, and India, encouraging advances in mathematics, astronomy, medicine, philosophy, and various other fields.
* **Art and Literature:** Arabic art and literature flourished, producing beautiful and timeless works of calligraphy, architecture and literature.
* **Religion:** Islam experienced rapid development during the Abbasid era. Various schools of thought and schools of Islamic thought emerged and developed rapidly.

**Decline and Collapse (946-1258 AD)**

After the 10th century AD, the Abbasid Daula began to decline. Factors contributing to this decline include:

* **Political Divisions:** Power struggles between members of the dynasty and internal rebellions weakened the power of the Abbasids.
* **External Threats:** Attacks from nations such as the Seljuk Turks and Mongols further weakened Abbasid control over their territory.
* **Economic Crisis:** Declining trade and economic prosperity weakened the Abbasid power base.
* **Cultural Decline:** Intellectual passion and scientific progress diminished, replaced by stagnation and decline in several fields.

In 1258 AD, Baghdad was captured and destroyed by the Mongols, marking the end of the Abbasid Daula. Nevertheless, the Abbasid legacy in the fields of science, culture and Islamic civilization continues to live on and has a significant influence to this day.

**Important Figures of the Abbasid Daula:**

* **Abu Abbas as-Saffah (750-754 AD):** Founder of the Abbasid dynasty.
* **Al-Mansur (754-775 AD):** Built the city of Baghdad as the new capital.
* **Harun al-Rashid (786-809 AD):** Led the golden era of the Abbasids, famous for prosperity and progress in various fields.
* **Ma'mun al-Rashid (813-833 AD):** Encouraged the progress of science and philosophy.
* **Al-Mutawakkil (847-861 AD):** Built Samarra as the new capital.
* **Al-Maqrizi (1364-1442 AD):** Famous historian who wrote many works on Abbasid history.

**Impact and Legacy of the Abbasid Daula:**

* **Advancement of Science:** The Abbasids became the center of civilization and science, translating and developing scientific works from various civilizations.
* **Cultural Development:** Islamic art, literature, and architecture developed rapidly, producing beautiful and timeless works.
* **Spread of Islam:** Islam experienced rapid spread to various regions of the world during the Abbasid era.
* **Political Influence:** The Abbasid system of government and administration became a model for many other Islamic kingdoms.

Even though it has collapsed, the Abbasid Daula left an invaluable legacy in history