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→ When the cell ruptures, the chloroplast in it also breaks down. In such a case the chloroplast required to study the various steps in photosynthesis cannot be isolated. But after 1954 Daniel Arnon was able to isolate the chloroplast from the plant cell, which contributes to the maintenance of photosynthesis.

→ The interior of the lungs contains millions of air sacs, increasing the area under which air exchange can take place. The inner layer of the lungs is more wrinkled so their area is much larger. All the air sacs in our lungs together cover an area of ​​about 160 square meters (one tennis court).

→ Our lungs' are like sponges. Are not the same size. Because the heart is on the left side of the urethra, the lung on that side is slightly smaller. The lungs are covered by two layers called 'pura'. There is fluid in the middle of these layers that protects the lungs from shock. Protects the lungs from friction when they are inflated.

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→ Near sea level hemoglobin is completely saturated with oxygen. Almost every hemoglobin molecule binds with oxygen and becomes oxy hemoglobin. Oxygen availability is very low at 13 km (8 miles) above sea level. Only (one-fifth) oxygen is available compared to sea level The oxygen available under the conditions can only saturate half the hemoglobin molecules.

→ If hemoglobin is mixed with low oxygen molecules, the blood does not supply the tissues with the blood they need. It is impossible to live so high without an artificial oxygen supply (with oxygen cylinders). Modern aircraft are designed to carry passengers under adequate pressure of oxygen. The problems of yard swimmers going into the depths of the ocean are different.

→ Glucose is the most commonly used substance for release by plants, animals. Glucose is oxidized in two stages in all organisms. In the first stage glucose is broken down into two pyruvic acid molecules. In the second stage, if oxygen is available, the pyruvic acid is oxidized to carbon dioxide, water. Along with this a large amount of energy is released. In the absence of oxygen, pyruvic acid can be converted to ethanol or lactic acid.In the absence of oxygen, pyruvic acid is converted to ethanol and lactic acid, releasing only one-tenth as much energy as in the presence of oxygen.

→ 'Thalassemia' is a hereditary blood disease. Lack of hemoglobin in red blood cells leads to dehydration. People with thalassemia have low levels of oxygen-carrying hemoglobin. There are two types of this disease, alpha and beta. These two types of dhalassemia are caused by defects in different parts of the hemoglobin protein. Anemia, increased liver and gallbladder size, decreased immunity and slow growth in low-grade semia mediators. Symptoms of thinning and brittle bones, such as heart attack, appear on the infected side.

Some facts about thalassemia

→ It is a serious hereditary blood disease.

→ 4.5 4.5% (250 million) of the world's population suffers from thalassemia minor illness.

→35 million Indians are carriers of the abnormal gene that causes the disease - an estimated one million babies are born in the world each year with Dhalassemia major.

Every year 10 to 12 thousand children are born with this disease in our country.

→ Blood transfusions and valuable medications are needed to prolong the life expectancy of thalassemia patients. Getting tested before marriage and after childbirth before pregnancy and awareness can prevent this disease.

→ Decreased growth, brittle bones and early disease (symptoms are easier to detect if the semia major is reduced in the first year. Hemoglobin levels and growth should be carefully monitored in infants within the first year. According to the World Health Organization, hemoglobin levels are 116-120 g / l. Seeing to it that. An important component of this treatment is the treatment with the introduction of concentrated red blood cells every three to four weeks. Major disease of thalassemia can be cured by stem cell transplantation. Children with this disease can be treated with bone marrow stem cells (bone marrow transplants) collected from their siblings who have tissues similar to their own.

Organ donation is a gift for life

There is a need to raise awareness about organ donation among the people. This is because organ donation can save a lot of lives and contribute immensely to their survival. Can support those in danger. Instead of living with the memories of the way, humanity can tell the brain dead to live in someone else. Because we are human. A good-natured human being.

Many patients with severe illness are waiting for organ donors. There are more than 25 kidney patients waiting in hospitals with kidney transplant facilities. Every day about 10-100 people are injured. Some of them are brain dead (100% brain dysfunction). At least 5 people can survive if organs from such people are collected at the right time and transplanted to the desired people. Organ transplantation (lack of proper understanding of those who want to do it, despite the opportunities, the right information is not available (not available. Doctors in public and private hospitals do not provide information on brain dead people).

The two government hospitals in Hyderabad (Osmania and NIMS) have about 10 corporate hospitals (organ transplant facilities. (Can be exchanged for individuals. This is called a cutter transplant. Anyone who wants organs + should also register at a hospital with an organ transplant facility. Limb amputation

Those who wish to do so must sign an application form at such a hospital. Some voluntary organizations are working for this.

Collect information from voluntary organizations and government agencies that operate the organ and prepare a comprehensive report. See www.jeevandan.gov.in for more information.

→ The presence of knee retaliation was first discovered in 1875. It was initially suspected that there was retaliation. But the knee did not retaliate when the anesthetized monkey had its spinal cord cut off. From this it is clear that there must be a nervous system.

→ The nerve impulse travels at a speed of 100 meters per minute.

→ The brain weighs approximately 1400 grams. Although the brain makes up 2% of the total body weight, the brain uses up to 20% of the total energy generated in the body.

→ The male brain weighs about 1375 grams.

→ Female brain weight is approximately 1275 grams.

→ Scientists have identified the nerves that leave the brain as the cranial nerves and the nerves that depart from the spinal cord as the spinal nerves. Our body consists of a total of 12 pairs of cranial nerves) and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

→ Forebrain factory lobes ; That are structures in the gutter. These can only be seen from the abdomen.

Functions: These help to create a sense of smell.

Functions: i) base for mental abilities; Thoughts, memories, causation, imagination, cerebrum : It consists of two hemispheres. These are called brain cells. The surface of the brain contains wrinkles. The bulging part of these wrinkles is called the salsa and the deeper part is called the salsa. The calyx is prominent and divides the cerebral hemispheres into four vertices. Controls emotions, and speech. ii) Being able to imagine many sensations, responding to cold, heat, pain, stress etc.

Diencephalon : This vertebra is rhomboidal in shape. It can only be seen from the inferior surface of the brain. It is located in the middle of the brain, the midbrain. It's. 'The thalamus is divided into hypothalamus.

Functions: 1) Controlling emotions such as anger, pain, pleasure, ii) Reflex centers for muscle movements (iii) Centers for emotions iv) Water balance Blood pressure, centers for sleep and appetite. v) The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland acts as the main gland

Mid brain : It is a small stalk-like part that is thick and stiff. It connects the anterior brain with the cerebellum and the posterior cerebral sinus. Examine the spheres in the midbrain in your brain sample. Functions: i) Transmit sensory impulses from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord and from the spinal cord to the hypothalamus. Show tribulation reactions to sight and hearing.

Cerebellem : It is located below the brain and above the mammary gland. It has two cerebral hemispheres. Functions: 1) body balance; Regulates muscle movements depending on the position of the body on the ground.

ii) Controls the controlled movements that start from the brain.

Medulla oblongata : It is triangular in shape and extends from the pancreas to the spinal cord.

Functions: i) Center for regulation of respiration, nerve response, blood pressure, and heart rate (vasomotor i.e. changes in blood vessel diameter as a result of action on blood vessels.) Ii) Controls reactions such as swallowing, chewing, sneezing, and vomiting.