Behaviorism

What is behaviorism? This is a view of normality in viewing the human being living with problems that occur when people learn maladaptive or inappropriate responses. People fail to learn the effective and appropriate responses like dealing with having no stress when using various coping strategies/exercises that are learned. Respond to wrong environmental outcomes.

How can we change these ideas and make ourselves better? There are ways and one could be the use of 'token economies' and identify the goals that we want to change. There is a reward for certain behavior when it is an appropriate behavior where a token in taken and 'cashed' in for a meaningful reward or social skills learning, for example learning basic manners when needed. There is also 'modeling' or 'social learning' as known as vicarious conditioning in learning behaviors by observing others and imitating others and learning how to act properly in all kinds of situations.

Albert Bandura had an idea of 'Bobo dolls' that are a model that will be rewarded in some ways or become a hero of some kind that are powerful behaviors. A cognitive perspective that increases cognition and decision making better known as our own thinking. You are what you think. Your thoughts and beliefs shape your behaviors and emotions. Your cognition is yourself. There are three types of cognition. The first is 'causal attributions' is that our explanations of why an event has occurred that influences emotions that give meaning to the events that influence expectations for similar events in the future that also make attitudes what they are to us. There are situational or depositional personal characteristics to a person. The external environment lets the behaviors and events to situations be seen less negatively and act towards a stable internal person. There is a 'control theory' where a persons expectancies on his or her abilities to control a certain event. To engage in more productive behaviors we may give up and ruminate over problems.

There is a man or there was a man by the name of Martin Sledgman that believed that 'learned helplessness' in general is that the future and the events in the future will be uncontrollable. It begins from the results from the past be uncontrollable but decreases self-esteem, motivation, and we will fail to see. Bandura believes in 'self-efficiency' that beliefs in your regard will allow you to have success with your abilities and behaviors that are needed to control certain outcomes. People with increased more control will work harder, be more persistent or have more persistence and guard against emotional negative reactions.

"Global assumptions' are broad beliefs of how things work. The positive helps us to adapt and the negative is more destructive with our coping skills. Negative emotions is a result of held global assumptions to guide us.

Here are some global assumptions we have:

1. I think that to be loved by everyone in everything we do

2. I think things should turn out the way I want them to (victim)

3. I should completely be competent, intelligent, and achieve in all that I do

4. I must have perfect self-control.

5. I have no control over my emotions.

6. I cannot help feeling certain feelings.

Albert Ellis is the man who believes in Rational Emotional (Emotive) Therapy and the core to the idea is to change beliefs; views cam eliminate psychological disturbances in our rational behavior in inappropriate ways. The emotions are rational if shown in appropriate ways. Aaron Beck believes that ideas are pathological and anxiety is due to a distorted cognition.

Next lecture: Cognitive restructuring

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