10 Longest Tunnels Built Inside a Mountain

Tunnels, those subterranean marvels, have long fascinated humans. They've allowed us to traverse mountains, delve beneath oceans, and even transport water over vast distances. Today, we'll explore ten of the longest tunnels ever built, each a testament to human ingenuity and engineering prowess.

Tunnels, those subterranean passageways, have been integral to human civilization for centuries. From ancient aqueducts to modern-day expressways, tunnels have shaped the way we travel, trade, and interact with the world.

One of the most remarkable examples of ancient tunnel engineering is the Qanat system, which originated in Persia. These intricate networks of underground channels transported water from distant sources to arid regions, enabling agriculture and sustaining communities.

In the modern era, tunnels have become essential for efficient transportation. The Channel Tunnel, linking Britain and France, is a marvel of engineering that revolutionized travel between the two countries. Similarly, the Gotthard Base Tunnel, the world's longest railway tunnel, traverses the Swiss Alps, providing a faster and more environmentally friendly route for rail traffic.

1. Lærdal Tunnel, Norway

Stretching for an impressive 24.5 kilometers (15.2 miles), the Lærdal Tunnel holds the title of the world's longest road tunnel. Completed in 2000, it cuts through the rugged Norwegian landscape, offering a safer and more efficient route between the towns of Lærdal and Aurland. To combat the psychological effects of driving through such a long, enclosed space, the tunnel features unique lighting effects that mimic the changing daylight cycle.

2. Yamate Tunnel, Japan

Located beneath the bustling metropolis of Tokyo, the Yamate Tunnel is the second-longest road tunnel in the world, spanning 18.2 kilometers (11.3 miles). This vital artery carries heavy traffic, easing congestion and improving travel times within the city.

3. Zhongnanshan Tunnel, China

China boasts several of the world's longest tunnels, and the Zhongnanshan Tunnel is no exception. This 18.04-kilometer (11.2-mile) road tunnel pierces through the Qinling Mountains, providing a crucial link between the provinces of Shaanxi and Henan.

4. Jinpingshan Tunnel, China

Another Chinese marvel, the Jinpingshan Tunnel, extends for 17.54 kilometers (10.9 miles). This railway tunnel traverses the rugged mountains of Sichuan province, significantly reducing travel time between Chengdu and Chongqing.

5. Gotthard Base Tunnel, Switzerland

The Gotthard Base Tunnel is not only the world's longest railway tunnel but also the deepest, reaching a maximum depth of 2,300 meters (7,546 feet) below the mountain peaks. This engineering feat, completed in 2016, revolutionized rail travel across the Alps, shortening journey times and reducing environmental impact.

6. Tiantaishan Tunnel, China

Yet another Chinese tunnel, the Tiantaishan Tunnel, stretches for 15.56 kilometers (9.67 miles). This road tunnel, located in Shaanxi province, offers a vital transportation link through a mountainous region.

7. Ryfylke Tunnel, Norway

Norway's Ryfylke Tunnel, measuring 14.46 kilometers (8.99 miles), is the world's third-longest road tunnel. It connects the cities of Stavanger and Ryfylke, providing a scenic and efficient route through the stunning Norwegian landscape.

8. Guadarrama Tunnel, Spain

The Guadarrama Tunnel, spanning 17 kilometers (10.6 miles), is a high-speed railway tunnel that cuts through the Sierra de Guadarrama mountain range. This engineering marvel significantly reduced travel time between Madrid and Segovia.

9. Marmaray Tunnel, Turkey

While not the longest in terms of overall length, the Marmaray Tunnel holds the distinction of being the world's longest underwater railway tunnel. This 13.6-kilometer (8.5-mile) tunnel runs beneath the Sea of Marmara, connecting Europe and Asia.

10. Eisenhower Tunnel, United States

The Eisenhower Tunnel, situated in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, is a twin-bore highway tunnel that stretches for 1.7 kilometers (1.1 miles). While not the longest, it is one of the highest vehicular tunnels in the world, reaching an elevation of 11,013 feet (3,357 meters).

These ten remarkable tunnels stand as testaments to human ingenuity and engineering prowess. They have transformed transportation, facilitated economic growth, and connected people across vast distances. As technology continues to advance, we can expect even more impressive tunnels to be built in the future, pushing the boundaries of human achievement.