hey everyone this lesson is on endometriosis so we're going to talk about what endometriosis is we're also going to talk about some of these signs and symptoms how it's diagnosed and how it's treated so what is endometriosis so endometriosis is a gynecological condition involving the presence of endometrial tissue or endometrial mucosal cells in abnormal locations so what this really means is that this endometrial tissue is outside of the uterus it should be in the uterus in the endometrium but it's in other areas where it should not be this condition affects approximately 10 to 15 percent of reproductive aged females so it affects a good portion of individuals and it has a lot of consequences including a lot of symptoms we're going to talk about in the next upcoming slides but also affects fertility in patients and it causes impaired fertility in about 30 to 40 percent of patients who have this condition so it affects a significant portion of patients both with regards to signs and symptoms and with regards to other complications including impaired fertility so what is the pathophysiology of endometriosis we talked about the endometrial tissue or the endometrial mucosa being in places where it should not be but why does this happen well it's actually hypothesized that endometrial cells traverse or travel to other areas of the body during menstruation so during menstruation when the endometrium is slopped off it is believed that cells escape and go to other locations including the surrounding areas of the pelvis some get into the fallopian tubes and some cells get into the ovaries and other places in the body as well we're going to talk about some of these locations later on when we talk about diagnosing endometriosis so now that we've talked about what it is and how it happens what does it actually do what are some of the signs and symptoms of endometriosis one of the biggest and one of the most significant symptoms of endometriosis that patients suffer from is pain and it can be pain in certain parts of the body but it can also be pain during certain activities we're going to talk about them here so the first one is pelvic pain so pelvic pain is a significant issue for patients with endometriosis and this pain fluctuates in intensity throughout the menstrual cycle so because the endometrial cells respond to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle certain times of the menstrual cycle lead to worsening of pain so it can be a cyclical type of pain we can also see issues with pain in the lower abdomen groin and back so it can be in a wide variety of locations you can also see dysmenorrhea so very painful menstrual cramping so if it's very painful or very severe type pain or if the pain worsens each menstrual cycle over time this can be an indication that a patient may be suffering from endometriosis we can also see issues with dysperunia so pain during intercourse we can also see issues of pain while urinating and pain while exercising so this can be very debilitating for patients so again pelvic pain pain in the lower abdomen groin and back dysmenorrhea dysperunia pain while urinating in pain while exercising so a lot of different areas where pain can affect an individual now there are other signs and symptoms of endometriosis as well these include heavy or irregular bleeding during menstruation dyskeysia so constipation-like symptoms and bloating nausea and vomiting so patients oftentimes have very significant pain but also some of these other signs and symptoms as well including heavier irregular bleeding discussions of constipation and bloating nausea and vomiting so a lot of different signs and symptoms that can have a significant impact in one's life so now that we know the signs and symptoms of endometriosis how do clinicians diagnose and treat it so the diagnosis of endometriosis often involves laparoscopy so a lot of times because these endometrial cells travel into many different locations oftentimes laparoscopy is required so opening up the abdomen and looking in different areas within the abdominal cavity to see where these endometrial cells have actually traveled to so some of the locations that we can see these endometrial cells occurring include the ovaries as we mentioned before the posterior cul-de-sac broad ligament so some of the surrounding tissues within the pelvis that support the uterus you can also see it in the uterus sacral ligament we can also see the endometrial cells attaching to the rectosigmoid colon bladder and distal ureters so again these endometrial cells can spread into different locations so a lot of times we need laparoscopy to see where these cells have traveled to and histology can also be performed as well to actually see whether the tissue is actually endometrial in nature so histology will show endometrial glands and stroma so once endometriosis has been diagnosed how do clinicians treat it a lot of times combined oral contraceptive pills can be used to actually help reduce symptoms so it can help regulate the menstrual cycle and as mentioned before a lot of the pain involved in endometriosis is due to endometrial cells and endometrial tissue responding to the hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle so having something regulating the menstrual cycle for patients can help with those symptoms so combined oral contraceptive pills danazole can also be used to treat endometriosis clinicians may also use gonadotropin-releasing hormone or gnrh analog so using these gnrh analogues can essentially shut down the pulsatile nature of dnrh and cause a reduction in pituitary induced fluctuations in other hormones like estrogen and then in some cases surgery may also be required in order to actually remove the endometrial tissue from certain parts of the body some of those locations we talked about before so again diagnosis involves laparoscopy looking for where endometrial tissue may have traveled to histology can be used to confirm that that is in fact endometrial tissue by seeing endometrial glands and stroma treatment involves combined oral contraceptive pills to help regulate the menstrual cycle in these individuals anazole can be used gonadotropin releasing hormone analogs can also be used and in some cases surgery will be required so if you want more information on other gynecological conditions please check out my playlist on those topics and if you haven't already please consider liking subscribing and clicking the notification bell help support the channel and stay up to date on future lessons thanks much for watching and i hope to see you next time
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AVOID MAKING DECISIONS IN ANGER
six things that can ruin your life worrying about what people think of you doing work you don't like complaining about situations and people compromising with a wrong companion whose thoughts don't match yours believing that money is the only source of happiness comparing yourself with others to be valued learn to be silent in five places when your silence is more meaningful than meaningless words when your words might threaten a friendship when someone else is speaking listen silently when your words can be mist interpreted when you are extremely angry your weaknesses can become your strengths if you want to be strong learn to enjoy Solitude you can't go deep into water without making it dirty you can't always be happy but you can always give happiness you can enforce your words with authority but you cannot force someone to respect you when you decide to do a task finish it first when dealing with someone inferior use soft words trying is more important than winning treat everyone kindly it will take you far in life to stay healthy avoid the company of women to see light you must first experience Darkness to adopt a new habit you have to leave the old one things and people appear different up close than they do from afar the world is made by fools but the claimants are intelligent people the person who never loses hope is surely successful the face expresses more than the tongue the desire for worldly things is like drinking SE sea water the more you drink the thirstier you become the best and most beautiful thing in life is freedom stay away from people who don't try and just believe in fate sometimes delaying a task is wisdom a wise person does everything the right time sit with those who protect your honor in your absence ruined people are dangerous because they know they can survive anything respect yourself and everything else will fall into place pretending to be something you not ruin sincerity pain makes you stronger loyalty makes you braver and heartbreak makes you wiser one cannot be forced into evil their own inclination leads them to it often a person finds their destination on the path they try to avoid nothing seems difficult until it is done no one desires what comes easily no burden is heavier than a secret never do anything that has no benefit my toughest opponent has been myself most people consider the ideal life to be one they don't live themselves look for new ways to think about things knowing a mistake and not correcting it is another mistake it's a big danger for a young person to become careless in youth it doesn't matter what people say about me I make my own mistakes in the end everything is an illusion improve yourself by 1% every day and you'll surpass thousands if your children ignore your advice don't be discouraged they'll give the same advice to their children in the future if you want to make others happy you have to forget about yourself if you want to know someone's true nature give them power and watch if you take to long to do something you'll never do it if you meet a deceiver give them the punishment of deception if you like something don't look at its price while buying if you fear shame after speaking stay by your side and have self motion of improving what you would like to be because that is the thing that will make you seems to be you
By Timothy Mwiti2 years ago in Families
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