What is a Case Study? It's Examples, Types & Format !

Case Study Definition:

A case study is an in-depth, detailed examination of a particular case (or cases) within a real-world context. For Example, case studies in medicine may highlight a specific patient or condition. Case studies in business might cover a particular firm's strategy or a broader market. Similarly, political case studies might range from a limited event across time (such as a particular political campaign) to a massive enterprise.

A case study requires you to analyze a specific situation and discuss how its different elements relate to theory. The case can refer to a real-life or hypothetical event, organization, individual or group of people and/or issue. Depending upon your assignment, you will be asked to develop solutions to problems or recommendations for future action. Generally, a case study is either formatted as an essay or a report.

Case Study Examples:

Numerous noteworthy case studies have been documented throughout psychology's history. Individual case studies played a significant role in the development of much of Freud's work and beliefs. Relevant psychological case studies include the following:

1) Phineas Gage: Phineas Gage was a railroad employee who experienced a terrible accident in which an explosion sent a metal rod through his skull, damaging important portions of his brain. Gage recovered from his accident but was left with serious changes in both personality and behavior.

2) Genie: Genie was a young girl subjected to horrific abuse and isolation. The case study of Genie allowed researchers to study whether language could be taught even after critical periods for language development had been missed. Her case also served as an example of how scientific research may interfere with treatment and lead to further abuse of vulnerable individuals.

These examples show how case studies can be used to explore phenomena that are not reproducible in experimental settings. Genie's severe abuse had prevented her from learning a language at critical moments in her development.

Although it is obvious that academics could not ethically replicate this, using Genie as a case study gave researchers the opportunity to examine phenomena that would otherwise be difficult to explore.

Types of Case Studies:

The purpose of a case study is to provide detailed reports on an event, an institution, a place, future customers, or pretty much anything. There are a few typical case study types, however the kind chosen will depend on the subject. The most typical fields where case studies are required are as follows:

• Historical Case Study:

Historical case studies are great to learn from. Historical events have a multitude of source info offering different perspectives. There are always modern parallels where these perspectives can be applied, compared, and thoroughly analyzed.

• Problem-Oriented Case Study:

Problem-oriented case studies are usually used for solving problems. These are often assigned as theoretical situations where you need to immerse yourself in the situation to examine it. Imagine you’re working for a startup and you’ve just noticed a significant flaw in your product’s design. Before taking it to the senior manager, you want to do a comprehensive study on the issue and provide solutions. On a greater scale, problem-oriented case studies are a vital part of relevant socio-economic discussions.

• Cumulative Case Study:

Cumulative case studies collect information and offer comparisons. In business, case studies are often used to tell people about the value of a product.

• Critical Case Study:

Critical case studies explore the causes and effects of a certain case.

• Illustrative Case Study:

Illustrative case studies describe certain events, investigating outcomes and lessons learned.

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Case Study Format:

The case study format is typically made up of eight parts:

• Executive Summary: Explain what you will examine in the case study. Write an overview of the field you’re researching. Make a thesis statement and sum up the results of your observation in a maximum of 2 sentences.

• Background: Provide background information and the most relevant facts. Isolate the issues.

• Case Evaluation: Isolate the sections of the study you want to focus on. In it, explain why something is working or is not working.

• Proposed Solutions: Offer realistic ways to solve what isn’t working or how to improve its current condition. Explain why these solutions work by offering testable evidence.

• Conclusion: Summarize the main points from the case evaluations and proposed solutions.
• Recommendations: Talk about the strategy that you should choose. Explain why this choice is the most appropriate.

• Implementation: Explain how to put the specific strategies into action.

• References: Provide all the citations.

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