Telecommunications manager services

the Quality of service management,

detect fault management, accounting, customer coordination, service ordering, The network management layer is responsible for various functions such as overall network view, fault detection, optimizing network performance, coordinating all network activities, and supporting the demands of the service management layer, etc.

The important functions of the Element Management layer include vendor-specific management, log records, mediation, updating firmware, fault detection, etc.

The network element layer works as an interface between proprietary information and the TMN infrastructure. TMN Information Architecture: TMN information architecture is based on X.700 OSI management recommendations.

These recommendations include the object-oriented approach, the agent-model paradigm, and OSI's Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP). Unlike SNMP, TMN is based on the rich protocol set CMIP/CMISE. Common Management Information Service Element (CMISE) provides access to managed information in managed objects, and it uses CMIP to send and receive requests and notifications between manager and agent. GDMO (Guideline for Definition of Managed Objects) is a template language used to define managed objects in TMN, while ASN.1 is used for defining syntax rules and encoding attributes within the system. The OSI Directory Service is used to store information about the TMN resources. Unlike SNMP, CMIP supports both connection-oriented (UDP) and connectionless protocols (TCP). TMN has conceptual separation between networks that's manage and network that is used carrying management tasks, while in SNMP, there is no such separation

TMN Limitations. Today's industry demands are for low-cost, off-the-shelf tools,

while the programmer of TMN's OSI Management Framework is faced with expensive tools and complex APIs. TMN is based on object

The primary function of a network is to provide participants with a platform for exchanging data and sharing resources. This function is so crucial that it would be difficult to imagine our daily lives and the current world of work without networks. Let's take a concrete example. In an office, each workstation has its own computer. Without computer networking, it would be very difficult for a team to collaborate on a project because there would be no common space to share and store digital documents and information, and employees would not be able to use certain programs together as they are accustomed to. \

Moreover, in many offices, there is only one or a few printers, which are used by everyone.

Without a network, each computer would have to be connected to the printer, which would be very tedious.

A network intelligently solves this problem, since all computers are connected to the printer via a central node. The main advantages of networks are

Data sharing;

Resource sharing;

Centralized management of programs and data;

Centralized data storage and backup;

Sharing of computing power and storage capacity;

Simple administration of permissions and responsibilities;

Functional division:

A network can be classified according to its use and the services it offers. This division also encompasses the notion of scale. Thus, for networks using Internet technologies (TCP/IP protocol family), the nomenclature is as follows:

Intranet: the internal network of an organizational entity;

Extranet: the external network of an organizational entity;

Internet: the network of interconnected networks across the globeEquipment

MSc, Ir. Jacques Mudumbi Ami’n

University Lecturer and Researcher

Active hardware refers to any hardware containing electronic equipment responsible for ensuring the distribution of signals between the different branches of a computer network. These primarily include hubs, switches, and routers. A network switch is a device that connects multiple segments (cables or fibers) in a computer network. It forwards data received on a port only to the port to which the destination station is connected, whereas a hub broadcasts this information to all of the device's ports. Unlike a hub, it can therefore be said to be "intelligent" because it is able to know who the recipient of a message is A hub is a multi-port data repeater.