Computer is like a backbone

Overview of Computers

Today's world is an information-rich world, and everyone must be familiar with computers. A computer is an electronic data processing device that accepts and stores data input, processes the data input, and generates output in the format required.

Computer Functionalities

In the broadest sense, any digital computer performs the five functions listed below.

Step 1 accepts data as input.

Step 2: Saves the data/instructions to memory and uses them as needed.

Step 3 converts the data into useful information by processing it.

Step 4 produces the output.

Step 5 is in charge of all of the preceding four steps.

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Computers have many advantages, such as high speed, accuracy, storage capacity, flexibility, diligence, reliability, and durability. They are capable of performing calculations in microsecond, nanosecond, and picoseconds, and can store large amounts of data. They are also free from monotony, tiredness, and lack of concentration, and can perform repeated tasks with the same speed and accuracy. A computer is an automatic machine that can perform a given task automatically, reducing paper work and cost. However, it has disadvantages such as no intelligence, dependency, environment, no feeling, and judgment based on feeling, taste, experience, and knowledge.

Computer applications are used in various fields, such as business, banking, insurance, education, marketing, advertising, and home shopping. Business organizations use computers for payroll calculations, budgeting, sales analysis, financial forecasting, managing employee database, maintenance of stocks, etc. Insurance companies use computers to keep records up-to-date, and education uses computers to prepare a database about performance of students. Marketing uses computers to create art and graphics, write and revise copy, and print and disseminate ads with the goal of selling more products. Computers have become an important part of health care, with diagnostic systems, patient monitoring systems, pharmacy information systems, engineering design, industrial engineering, architectural engineering, military communication, and communication.

Computer Healthcare is used to collect data and identify the cause of illness, while Patient Monitoring System is used to check the patient's signs for abnormality. Engineering Design provides creation and modification of images, while Industrial Engineering deals with design, implementation, and improvement of integrated systems of people, materials, and equipment. Communication is a way to convey a message, an idea, a picture, or speech that is understood clearly and correctly by the person for whom it is meant.

Computer - Types

Computers can be broadly classified by their speed and computing power.

PC stands for Personal Computer.

A personal computer (PC) is a small, low-cost computer designed for a single user. PCs are built around microprocessor technology, which allows manufacturers to put an entire CPU on a single chip. Personal computers are used in businesses for word processing, accounting, desktop publishing, and spreadsheet and database management applications. Personal computers are most commonly used at home for gaming and surfing the Internet.

Despite the fact that personal computers are designed to be single-user systems, they are typically linked together to form a network. High-end Macintosh and PC models now offer the same computing power and graphics capability as low-end workstations from Sun Microsystems, Hewlett-Packard, and Dell in terms of power.

Workstations are workstations.

A workstation is a computer that is used for engineering applications (CAD/CAM), desktop publishing, software development, and other similar applications that require moderate computing power and relatively high quality graphics capabilities.

Workstations typically include a large, high-resolution graphics screen, plenty of RAM, network support, and a graphical user interface. Most workstations include a mass storage device such as a disc drive, but a special type of workstation known as a diskless workstation does not.

UNIX and Windows NT are popular workstation operating systems. Workstations, like PCs, are single-user computers that are typically linked together to form a local-area network, but they can also be used as stand-alone systems.

Minicomputer

It is a midsize multi-processing system capable of supporting up to 250 users simultaneously.

Mainframe

Mainframe is very large in size and is an expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds or even thousands of users simultaneously. Mainframe executes many programs concurrently and supports many simultaneous execution of programs.

Supercomputer

Supercomputers are one of the fastest computers currently available. Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for specialized applications that require immense amount of mathematical calculations (number crunching).For example, weather forecasting, scientific simulations, (animated) graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear energy research, electronic design, and analysis of geological data (e.g. in petrochemical prospecting).