Science
10 Essential Tips for Mastering Night Photography
The night time sky is a canvas of thriller and enchantment, presenting a breathtaking playground for photographers keen to seize its ethereal beauty. Night pictures offers a special set of challenges, however with the proper methods and a contact of creativity, you can free up the secrets and techniques of the night time and produce charming pics that go away viewers in awe. Whether you are a professional shutterbug or a amateur with a ardor for photography, these ten fundamental hints will information you on your trip to learning night time photography.
By Seedorf Osei3 years ago in Earth
Eye of the Animal
Did you have any idea that creatures see the world uniquely in contrast to us? Pigeons as a matter of fact, I have preferred Vision over people. So how about we attempt to see the world from the creature's eyes. How about we start with snakes, their approach to seeing the world is entirely unexpected from our own. They have extraordinary infrared touchy receptors in their noses this permits them to see the emanated intensity of warm-blooded vertebrates. Presently how about we continue on to cows. These large folks don't see tones too as people do. They can't see the variety red since they don't have the vital receptors in their retinas for that so they just see varieties of blue and green. Additionally, they could do without it at the point when somebody approaches them from behind. They have a close to all encompassing vision and the main region they can't see is straightforwardly to the back so in the event that you're truly sneaking up on a cow, ensure you give them a fair warning. Ponies have a vulnerable side right before their faces in light of their eye situation this implies they can't see things straightforwardly before them. They don't see however many tones as we do very much like cows their reality is generally comprised of greens yellows and blues, poor folks.
By Adam Oglesby3 years ago in Earth
Building Climate-Resilient Cities: Addressing the Challenges of the Next Generation
Throughout the annals of history, the oldest cities have stood as testaments to a central theme: the intentional design for fostering human connection. Ancient urban centers boasted narrow winding streets, close-knit buildings, and a seamless blend of residential spaces, workplaces, and shops. The heart of these cities pulsated with vibrant central public spaces, fostering community interaction and a sense of belonging. However, the landscape of modern American cities paints a starkly contrasting picture, featuring wide roads, sprawling distances between homes and workplaces, vast parking lots, and an overriding emphasis on accommodating cars. The era of car-centric cities presents immense challenges in the 21st century, ranging from combating climate change and maintaining public health to ensuring social equality.
By Kishon Brown3 years ago in Earth
Expanding Reach of a Human-Infecting Desert Fungus
Among the vast array of fungal species that inhabit our planet, only a select few hundred have the potential to pose a threat to human health. Coccidioides is one such enigmatic fungus, capable of causing serious infections when its spores are inhaled. What sets this fungus apart is its remarkable ability to thrive in arid desert environments, a departure from the typical preferences of most fungi for dark, damp, and cool conditions.
By Kishon Brown3 years ago in Earth
Discovered planet
t about 30 years ago, we didn’t have any scientific proof of a planet outside our solar system. Today, thanks to advances in technology and scientific research, we've discovered over 5,300 exoplanets - alien worlds that are out there waiting to be explored. At first, these discoveries mostly involved large gas giants, but as our capabilities have expanded, we've started to uncover smaller, Earth-like exoplanets. Scientists have already found more than 50 exoplanets with masses similar to Earth, and over 800 worlds with radius less than one half times that of Earth. We don’t know of many such planets orbiting in the habitable zone of their parent stars - where the conditions are just right to support life. But that's already starting to change. As our search for habitable planets continues, we're beginning to discover entire planetary systems with more than one potentially habitable world. And we already know about at least one such system in our cosmic neighborhood. [LOGO] Our Milky Way galaxy has numerous compact systems that are centered around stars similar to our Sun. However, planets orbiting closely to these stars are usually too hot and therefore unsuitable for supporting life. But when it comes to colder, fainter stars, the habitable zone around such stars is much closer. This is Gliese 667 [GJ 667], a triple star system located in the constellation of Scorpius just about 23 light-years from Earth. It contains the first known example of a system where a low-mass star has multiple potentially habitable rocky planets orbiting within its Goldilocks Zone. Similarly to Alpha Centauri, the system has three stars. GJ 667 A is a K-type main-sequence star and the largest one in the system. This orange-red dwarf has a mass of 73%, a radius of 76%, and a visual luminosity only about 12% that of the Sun. At an average distance of 12.5 AU is its companion, GJ 667 B. It’s also a K-type orange-red dwarf about 69% the mass of the Sun, and it radiates just about 5% of our star’s visual luminosity. And just like with Alpha Centauri, the most interesting is the third star. Gliese 667 C is an M-type red dwarf with a mass and radius only a third of the Sun [Mass: 33% x Sun; Radius: 34% x Sun]. It's also incredibly faint [Luminosity: 1.4% x Sun] and a comparatively cold star with a surface temperature of 3,775 Kelvin [Sun surface temperature: 5,772 Kelvin]. Yet, despite its small size, GJ 667 C has a surprisingly rich planetary system. Initially, scientists thought there were only three exoplanets orbiting Gliese 667 C, but after revisiting existing data and making additional observations, they discovered there may actually be six planets in the planetary system, with three or even four of them being potentially habitable super-Earths. So what exactly is a "super-Earth"? The term is used to describe a planet that's larger than Earth, but not quite as large as the gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn. These planets can be made up of rock, or a mixture of rock and ice, and they may have atmospheres that could support different life forms. The closest planet to the star, Gliese 667 Cb, is a scorching hot world at 200°C [392 °F]. Being the most massive one in the system, about 5.5 times that of Earth, this exoplanet probably has a very thick atmosphere and orbits its host star in just 7 days. The three potentially habitable planets in the Gliese 667 system are all located further away from their host star, and they all have masses between one and five times that of Earth, making them great candidates for habitability. Gliese 667 Cc, the next closest planet, orbits in the inner edge of the star’s habitable zone. It has a mass about 3.8 and a radius 1.8 times that of Earth, and its year lasts just 28 Earth days. With the Earth Similarity Index of 0.85, it is known as the “holy grail” of extrasolar planets. Because of the low energy output, the habitable zone around the red dwarf GJ 667 C is located very near to the star, ranging from 0.11 AU to 0.23 AU, and is entirely contained within the orbit of Mercury. To compare, Earth is located at about 1 AU from the Sun. Our planet would be an ice world if it orbited star C at that distance. GJ 667 Cc orbits its parent star eight times closer, at approximately 0.12 AU, revolving around the red dwarf every 28 days. Because of such proximity, the exoplanet is likely to be tidally locked to the star, with eternal day on one side, and eternal night on the other. Drastic temperature differences between the two sides probably have a major impact on the global climate on the exoplanet. Gliese 667 Cc gets about 10% less light than Earth does from the Sun. But since most of the light it receives is infrared, the planet gets about the same amount of energy as our planet does from the Sun, which would help retain water on its surface and result in a similar climate to Earth. Because scientists don’t know for sure if the planet has an atmosphere, and how thick it could be, it’s impossible to predict the exact surface temperature on Gliese 667 Cc. If the planet does have an Earth-like atmosphere, it would transfer heat and equalize temperatures across the entire planet with a pleasant 30°C [86°F] on the night side. Living on such a planet would be a much different experience. GJ 667 Cc receives a faint reddish light from its star. The other two stars, Gliese 667 A and B, are located at a distance of about 230 AU - much further than the distance between Pluto and the Sun, and outside the planetary system. However, the two other suns would still be seen as a pair of bright stars visible in the daytime, and at night, they would shine as bright as the full moon. And our Sun would appear as a distant star. Unfortunately, the nearby red dwarf is known to emit flares or intense bursts of radiation, and energetic particles up to a thousand times stronger than flares on our Sun. This could be problematic for any potential life on the surface of Gliese 667 Cc as the planet is located close to its flaring host star. And the strong magnetism of the red dwarf may cause starspots that can reduce the energy output of the star by up to 40% for months, which, combined with the lack of ultraviolet light emissions, would be another issue for the formation of life as we know it. Living on Gliese 667 Cc would be nothing like what we’re used to also because of how massive it is. The higher mass of the exoplanet means different gravitational acceleration on its surface. This world is rocky, and so the gravitational acceleration would be up to 60% higher than what we experience on Earth. A person weighing 75 kg [165 lbs] on Earth would weigh as much as 120 kg [265 lbs] on Gliese 667 Cc. In addition, a planet with higher mass can hold a more massive atmosphere, leading to higher atmospheric pressure at the planet's surface. In case it has an atmosphere similar to Earth's, the atmospheric pressure would only be a few times higher, but if the exoplanet has a Venus-like atmosphere, the pressure could be several hundred times greater, equivalent to the water pressure several kilometers deep in Earth's oceans. Despite its location in a habitable zone, Gliese 667 Cc may not have the same conditions as Earth. Life forms on Gliese 667 Cc may have to adapt to fluctuating and low light, a potentially high atmospheric pressure, and frequent flares. But this doesn’t mean life cannot form on such a world. We’ve already seen examples of remarkable life adaptability on Earth. The two other potentially habitable planets are almost identical. Gliese 667 Ce [Mass: 2.7 Earths, radius: 1.45 x Earth] and Gliese 667 Cf [Mass: 2.7 Earths, radius: 1.45 x Earth] are both located farther out from their parent star, meaning they receive less energy. This could make them too cold to support life as we know it. But, unlike with GJ 667 Cc, having a thick atmosphere would be beneficial for potential life on these planets as it would trap heat and maintain favorable temperature conditions. Spotting three such worlds in the habitable zone of the same planetary system is extremely rare, but four is almost unthinkable. According to one study, five planets in the Gliese 667 C system are estimated to receive solar radiation ranging from 20-200% of the current exposure of Earth to the Sun, which makes them all candidates for potential habitability. But there are other factors in play. Scientists have determined that for a planet with a mass equal to Earth, the habitable zone around Gliese 667 C has two boundaries. The inner boundary lies between 0.095 and 0.126 astronomical units from the star, while the outer boundary lies between 0.241 and 0.251 AU. Any planet orbiting within these distances from star C may be able to sustain life as it would have the right conditions for liquid water to exist on its surface. If a planet is too close to its star, the heat will cause water to turn into vapor and escape, making the planet uninhabitable. This happens because water vapor is a greenhouse gas, which can trap heat and cause temperatures to rise to intolerable levels. Only the planets at the inner edge of the habitable zone with a larger mass are more resistant to the moist greenhouse effect. On the other hand, if a planet is too far away from its star, like the outermost Gliese 667 g, it risks being covered in ice. While gasses like CO2 can warm the planet and prevent this, too much CO2 can actually cool the planet down by reflecting light away. So there’s a limit to how much CO2 can help warm a planet. In 2013, astronomers made an announcement that Gliese 667 C has a minimum of six planets, and there's a possibility of a seventh planet, designated as GJ 667 Ch. Although highly controversial, the exoplanet could be the smallest one found so far around Star C, with a mass of at least 1.1 times that of Earth, located just between the planets C and B. Because of its mass and proximity to the parent star [0.0893 AU], the planet H would be too hot for any life to form. But planets F and E are confirmed to orbit in the habitable zone. And although the estimated location of the planet D is outside the outer edge of the habitable zone, its orbit is still uncertain. This means Gliese 667 Cc, Cf, Ce, and possibly even Cd are all potentially habitable worlds. The discovery of densely packed planetary systems around M-dwarf stars, such as Gliese 667 C, points to the existence of numerous populations of planetary systems out there, each with several potentially habitable planets. And since M dwarfs account for more than 70% of all stars in our cosmic neighborhood, the number of such promising planetary systems in our galaxy is likely to be much greater than ever thought. Instead of searching for a single potentially habitable planet among ten stars, scientists can now focus on one star to find multiple Earth 2.0 candidates. As new and advanced telescopes are being developed, our ability to uncover the mysteries of the universe is growing at an exponential rate.
By Festus Ebhodaghe3 years ago in Earth
Gravity vs. Pressure: Which is stronger?
Ladies and gentlemen, prepare to be captivated as we journey into the grand spectacle that shaped our universe—the Big Bang. This awe-inspiring event set the stage for the creation of all we know and experience today, and at its heart, two mighty forces clashed in a battle for cosmic supremacy: gravity and pressure.
By Kishon Brown3 years ago in Earth
A Marvelous Odyssey: Exploring Earth's Core
Embarking on an extraordinary journey, we venture into the depths of Earth, far beyond the usual exotic destinations of Hawaii or Australia. Our destination lies at the core of our planet, a profound experience awaiting us. Are you prepared to join me on this unique expedition? Fear not; it promises to be an enthralling endeavor. Let us commence!
By David kimani3 years ago in Earth
Dreamer Who Built America. Content Warning.
Start writing.. Once upon a time, in the vast and ambitious land of America, there lived a man whose dreams were as grand as the sprawling nation he called home. This man, whose name was William, hailed from humble beginnings. He was raised in a small, modest town by hardworking parents who instilled in him the values of perseverance and determination.
By Ahmed Mahmud3 years ago in Earth
Sustainability at the FIFA Women's World Cup 2023. Content Warning.
Presentation of FIFA's Environmental Goals FIFA, the international governing body for soccer, recognizes the pressing need to address the environmental impacts of major sporting events. With the upcoming Women's World Cup 2023, FIFA has pledged to focus on sustainability and environmental responsibility. This commitment reflects the growing concern for our planet and the shared responsibility we have in preserving it for future generations.
By Roger NTAH3 years ago in Earth
In the event that you see this green dell in a timberland, run lmmedietaly!!
ok the excellence of nature surrounding you the natural air and many long stretches of reflective rest far away from civilization in front of you yet you've been strolling for a long while to get this far and presently it is the ideal time to camp out the forest around our dance and there's no reasonable spot to set up your tent then you notice a pleasant green fix totally absent any trace of trees and just sprinkled for certain low developing brambles well you go there conceited about your fine and get to chip away at the tent the ground is curiously delicate and smooth yet that doesn't irritate you a lot of the relative multitude of better the stakes go into the dirt Like a Blade into margarine when you're done it's dull as of now so you get inside the tent and slither into your comfortable camping bed you awaken from a dreadful inclination that something's not right you feel wet you begin wriggling inside your pack and yes it's totally drenched From Underneath you rush out of the tent as fast as you can and see that it began to sink into the ground turns out you've camped out on a swab and you've been fortunate too overwhelms aren't generally clear in some cases you won't see them until you're knee-profound and False and inconvenience leaving can be precarious too the Greenery and Roots make a delicate cushioning that is gradually pulling you under and when you attempt to raise your feet you could wind up without your boots telling a timberland trade is genuinely simple when you know what to search for assuming you're in a thick Brush and see a rich sunlit Dale wear only greenery and an infrequent shrub develops odds are high it's a bog you can likewise really look at it by tiptoeing on this Peaceful ground in the event that it feels springy better stay away another thing the bog can be hazardous for is shockingly a woodland fire assuming that you remain nearby a bog and begin a pit fire it could get on particularly in the event that there's areas of strength for a bogs and bogs are crammed with tar concealed under the layers of water and Greenery when it begins to copy stifling it is almost unimaginable consistently stay away from any marsh prior to beginning a pit fire one more typical slip-up while breaking camp in the wild isn't looking into suppose you discovered a Strong Ground to set up the tent cleaned it off of the multitude of terrible cones and stones and ensured there aren't any ant colonies nearby you believe that nothing should crawl inside your camping bed around evening time do you the spot you've picked is great and the tree your tent is inclining to shields you from the Breeze and Downpour you set up for the late evening switching off your setting up camp light and unexpectedly your tent is whipping as though a wild monster has gone after you dumbfounded you mixed out and see a tremendous branch has fallen on top of your tent the most obviously terrible thing about this is that you would have seen it coming if by some stroke of good luck you'd gaze upward prior to camping out half broken and spoiled branches are not difficult to recognize and it's never smart to set your tent on the right track underneath them something like this can sever all of a sudden and you'll be fortunate on the off chance that it doesn't tear your tent and damage you know crunch many travelers commit this error consistently and frequently paid the consequences for it looking into will likewise assist you with ensuring there are no wasp homes or bug Nets above you these could demonstrate surprisingly more terrible than a branch since wasps could do without to be upset and insects might end up being venomous now in the event that you see a lovely Stream and choose to break camp on its banks really focus on where precisely you set up your tent too on the off chance that you remain nearby the water particularly in spring or fall odds are good that you'll find yourself above water around midnight generally look at the weather conditions conjecture for the afternoon and the night later assuming there's an opportunity of downpour better avoid any waterways particularly Waterways the downpour could bring the water step up in it and make it burst its banks suffocating your little camp and demolishing your excursion yet regardless of whether you're a long way from water downpour could ruin it for you say you're by and by somewhere down in the timberland and tree crowns are safeguarding you from the climate precipitation actually gets to the timberland floor yet essentially it's not quite as terrible as in the open the following night when you set up for business in somewhere else you feel the ground is delicate and springy it's anything but a bog however only the last evening's precipitation has relaxed the dirt in the event that you're in such a spot better move to some place strong thing is delicate and free ground could begin crawling free from you anytime this development isn't so perilous as when you're in a bog yet the stakes of your tent could come free as well and you'll wind up covered under a heap of carpets that used to be your tent and in the event that you chose to set up your camp in a comfortable looking Valley and the downpour begins falling when you're there well plan for a pleasant drifting excursion all the water will normally go down and into your sanctuary ultimately finding its direction under your tent no big surprise you'll end up knee-somewhere down in downpour water when you awaken gracious what an extraordinary spot for taking a digit of rest after a long walk it's on a Peak so there's no water close by the Sun's sparkling and not a solitary tree to shut it out sunbathing here must be remarkable well it appears to be this way for the initial not many hours yet when you stay here lengthy enough you'll see the blunder of your choice direct daylight on your tent can make it sweltering surprisingly fast because of the materials it's caused of and you'll to feel it on your skin when you creep inside we should say you won't have any desire to remain in there for long until it's evening and the tents cool down basically same thing with the breeze in an open spot Gus can arrive at insane velocities and on the off chance that you haven't been cautious while pounding down the stakes you could express farewell to your tent sooner than you'd like is ideal to find a spot close to a tree that would shield you both from the Sun the breeze actually don't get enticed to camp close to A Solitary Tree when the weather conditions gauge isn't in support of yourself both bright and blustery weather conditions are OK yet on the off chance that there's a significant tempest coming a solitary standing tree will act as a lightning pole it's not hard to envision what might come assuming that lightning strikes a tree you're enjoying the great outdoors under hello you could receive a charge in return while winter setting up camp the weather conditions can be considerably more misleading recall the thing I said about direct daylight fail to remember it in winter it's ideal to have the sun gleaming on your tent the virus could get you regardless of how cool and costly your tent is and the breezes are for the most part substantially more horrendous in the virus season direct daylight will assist you with adapting to a large part of the coal one of the more normal missteps climbers make is beginning a pit fire excessively near the tent again the material of the tent behaviors heat quite well and it's great when it's warm yet it likewise bursts into flames effectively in some cases one flash is sufficient to copy your asylum descenders ensure there's adequate space between your tent and the open air fire and never leave your fire unaided when you nod off it's a standard to smother the fire so you don't awaken to a bursting Fiery blaze around you bugs can destroy even the most thrilling level mosquitoes subterranean insects ticks and other troublesome bugs can find their direction into your tent any place you are so ensure you shield yourself from them use Skin anti-agents when you head outside and put an enemy of bug twisting close to the entry to your tent don't put it excessively close or inside however the smell is disturbing and it can likewise make a fire stay away from the most awesome aspect of mosquitoes and particularly ticks attempt to avoid lakes and thick woods where marshes might happen Skeeters recreate in still water so regions around such pools are loaded with the wing nuisances yet they struggle with flying when there's some twist so picking an open spot is your smartest option to dispose of them don't allow them to mess with you this spiky tree knows how to shoot so you better avoid it's known as a Sandbox tree and you can find it in Amazonia at first its seeds are framed looking like a little Pumpkin as time passes by they Solidify and develop Yet Here comes the tomfoolery part similarly as they arrive at Pinnacle development the seeds pop and take shots out at a speed of 150 miles each hour they could in fact arrive at distances of 60 feet that makes it so dangerous to be in their manner during the impact cycle also the seeds are harmful too certain a few trees don't develop totally upstanding yet a tree that is all together bowed with its branches in any event, contacting the ground is a sight not to be missed such a tree called the El Arbol de la Sabina fills in Spain its shape relies upon the Breeze as the tree twists Toward its subsequently in addition to the fact that it frequently has an unusual shape yet it can likewise transform it totally during various seasons this adaptable tree can arrive at in excess of 26 feet in level and will in general fill in the most unlikely of areas like on rocks now could a tree that is pretty much as old as dinosaurs found in 1994 the wallami pine tree species should be visible in the Blue Piles of Sydney Australia it traces all the way back to more than 200 million years so it's not difficult to accept dinosaurs could have even wandered around it since these trees are jeopardized and simply 100 displays exist right up 'til now in the wild the researchers don't want to reveal their area they need to ensure the trees are very much protected additionally they're significant for science as concentrating on them might assist us with uncovering new data on the World's past the bark of the tree can show us a wide range of things like different temperature periods or openness to different synthetic compounds the tree of life gets its name since it's ready to endure troublesome circumstances and truly Flourish situated in the desert edges of Bahrain the prosopis community region has an exceptionally profound root foundation which permits it to get by in the singing intensity the researchers actually can't figure out how it figures out how to get adequate water it's unique to the point that it assembles north of 50 000 vacationers every year La India dormita in Panama is a precipitous region that is molded like the body of a resting young lady it's important for a greater puzzling locale called Laval de Anton
By george Gars3 years ago in Earth
