Solid Waste Management (1/2)

2.1-Introduction

Despite of rapid growth, the urbanization continuously triggered the natural reserve of the planet. We are facing a lot of water, air and soil pollution. This has a direct and severe impact on the human health and creates problem for the future living. This leads to the ultimate goals of sustainable development. International organizations encourage the countries to take effective measures for sustainability development simply by the use of minimum natural resources, eliminating the toxic metals and development certain techniques to control waste pollution.

The most evident indication of the rapid urbanization is the expand generation of the Solid waste.

To control the solid waste pollution open dumping is the most common solution in a past few decades. But somehow proper management is not accessible like sludge collection, landfill gas treatment, etc. Most countries use the techniques of anaerobic digester for the controlling process of organic waste, which contributes most in the waste production. So, they develop small treatment plant cells that work precisely than actual large treatment units. These large unit cells require higher maintenance and operational challenges along with quality management system.

2.1.1-Informal Waste Collection

In informal waste collection procedure the recycling activities lies at the top. In this procedure national and international services are required along with minimum support of Community Based Organizations, Government sectors, several research and information institutes and some funding agencies. Corporation and coordination is the key to a sustainable developed environment.

2.2-Transition towards the Sustainable Waste and Resource Management

2.2.1-Linear Model of Society

The one way and linear model of a developed society leads to the depletion of natural resources which also increase the volume of waste generation. National and local policies along with proper model help for the development of a sustainable environment. We state the models of developed countries like US, China, etc and we come to conclude that they improve their waste management system up to incredible way. Their concern was not only managing the waste but they also focus on preservation of natural resources. So, countries adopt policies like;

• Waste Hierarchy

• Sound Material Cycle Society

• Circular Energy

2.2.2-Waste and Sustainable Development Goals

For the waste and natural resources management system, organizations works on the policies and the planning system that proves beneficial for the local and national Government. These sustainable goals help to achieve the setting target for the environment. Natural resources and waste generation directly linked to each other. If one is increasing in volume the other is automatically decrease. They collectively show adverse impacts on the public health, climate, production and consumption of food sources, etc. Therefore, if we improve the solid waste management then we also set targets for the monitoring of other social and environmental problems like climate change.

2.3-International and Regional Agreements on Solid Waste Management

To control the global climate change is the ultimate goal of sustainable development. For this purpose, a large number of agreements were signed with proper set of policies and road map for the future. Some of these organizations were held at national level while some are international. For example;

2.3.1-International Agreements

• International Conference on Chemicals Management

• Mina Mata Convention on Mercury

• Montreal Protocol for Climate Change

• Developed Approach to International Chemicals Management

• Basel Convention on the Trans boundary Movements of Hazardous Waste and their Disposal

• International Resolutions Related to Waste Management at United Nation Environment Assembly

This need to international address solid waste management and to preserve natural resources is a hot topic and requires skills to handle it properly. Regional institutes adopted the regional corporation agreements and structured model for the protection of energy, food, technology and to eradicate poverty.

2.3.2-Regional Agreements

• Regional Agreements held meetings like;

• The Dhaka Declaration on Waste Management of 2004

• The SAARC Action Plan on Climate Change of 2008

The SAARC Convention on Cooperation on Environment 2010

• The Summary Statement of the South Asia Sustainable Consumption and Production Forum 2016

South Asian Sea Programs

Conclusions:

If we talked about the municipal solid waste industries, it has four basic pillars. These are recycling of waste material, sanitary landfills process, and waste to energy incineration. Basically the term solid waste is usually describe the non-hazardous solid waste that needs proper collection and then processing; otherwise it may cause adverse impacts on the human environment. Therefore, international organizations gave the concept of sustainable environment. They emphasize that the consumption of natural resources should be according to the production or substitution rate of these resources. They ensure that the nation must enjoy all the basic resources and satisfy their requirement without threatening the needs of future generation. Nature serves the humans and has been contributes its resources from centuries. Therefore, we should also realize that the nature is suffering now and continuously depleting its resources. A large number of factors are contributing in environmental problems such as; pollution, poverty, threat of diseases, climate change, unsustainable environment, municipal solid waste generation and many more. Therefore, international organizations are looking forwards to provide solution of these problems. One of them is municipal solid waste management and the development of sustainable environment. It is a crucial step towards sustainability development by setting a large volume of rules and regulations. For this purpose organizations held rows of meeting to discuss the problem and find solutions.