who is a narcissist?

WHO IS A NACISSIST?

The concept of narcissism dates back to ancient Greek and Roman mythology, where the story of Narcissus, a man obsessed with his own image, was told. Narcissus, after rejecting a nymph named Echo, fell in love with his own reflection in a river and drowned. The flower that marked the spot of his death is now known as the Narcissus. While the myth captures the essence of narcissism, it is not merely a personality type found in advice columns. Psychologists have classified and studied narcissism as a set of traits. Narcissists have an inflated, grandiose self-image and believe they are better looking, smarter, and more important than others, deserving of special treatment.

Psychologists acknowledge the existence of two distinct forms of narcissism as a personality trait: grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Additionally, there is a more severe manifestation known as narcissistic personality disorder, which will be discussed shortly. Grandiose narcissism is the more commonly recognized type, characterized by extroversion, dominance, and a constant need for attention. Individuals with grandiose narcissism often pursue positions of power and influence, such as politicians, celebrities, or cultural leaders.

However, it is important to note that not all individuals who seek such positions are narcissistic; many do so with positive intentions, aiming to fulfill their potential or improve the lives of others. Conversely, vulnerable narcissists tend to be introverted and reserved. They possess a strong sense of entitlement but are easily threatened or offended. In both cases, the negative aspects of narcissism become apparent over time. Narcissists tend to act in a self-centered manner, leading narcissistic leaders to make risky or unethical decisions, while narcissistic partners may display dishonesty or infidelity. When their inflated self-image is challenged, they often respond with resentment and aggression.

It resembles an ailment in which the afflicted individuals experience a sense of well-being, while those around them suffer. When taken to an extreme, this conduct is categorized as a psychological disorder known as narcissistic personality disorder. It impacts approximately one to two percent of the population, with a higher prevalence among men. Furthermore, this diagnosis is typically reserved for adults, as young individuals, particularly children, may exhibit self-centeredness as a normal part of their development.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, published by the American Psychiatric Association, outlines various traits associated with narcissistic personality disorder. These include an inflated sense of self-importance, difficulties with empathy, a sense of entitlement, and a constant need for admiration or attention. What distinguishes this trait as a genuine personality disorder is its ability to dominate individuals' lives and create significant problems. Consider a scenario where instead of caring for your spouse or children, you exploit them solely for the purpose of gaining attention or admiration.

Alternatively, envision a situation where instead of seeking constructive feedback on your performance, you dismiss anyone who tries to assist you by asserting their incorrectness. Now, what are the causes of narcissism? Twin studies have demonstrated a substantial genetic component, although the specific genes involved remain unknown. However, the environment also plays a significant role. Parents who excessively idolize their child can foster the development of grandiose narcissism. Conversely, cold and controlling parents can contribute to the emergence of vulnerable narcissism.

Narcissism appears to be more prevalent in cultures that prioritize individuality and self-promotion. In the United States, for instance, narcissism as a personality trait has been on the rise since the 1970s, coinciding with the shift from the communal focus of the 1960s to the emergence of the self-esteem movement and an increase in materialistic values. Furthermore, the advent of social media has further amplified the opportunities for self-promotion, although it is important to note that there is no conclusive evidence linking social media to the development of narcissism. Rather, it serves as a platform for narcissists to seek social status and attention.

Can narcissists work towards improving these negative traits? Absolutely! Any endeavor that encourages sincere introspection regarding their own behavior and fosters empathy towards others, such as psychotherapy or practicing compassion, can be beneficial. However, individuals with narcissistic personality disorder may encounter difficulties in persistently engaging in self-improvement. For a narcissist, self-reflection can be challenging when it reveals unflattering aspects of their character.